Envelhecimento, multimorbidade e risco para COVID-19 grave: ELSI-Brasil

O objetivo deste estudo foi medir a ocorrência de multimorbidade e estimar o número de indivíduos na população brasileira com 50 anos ou mais em risco para COVID-19 grave. Estudo transversal utilizando dados da linha de base do Estudo Longitudinal da Saúde dos Idosos Brasileiros (ELSI), conduzido em 2015–2016, com 9.412 indivíduos com 50 anos ou mais. O desfecho do estudo foi a ocorrência de multimorbidade baseando-se em uma lista de 17 morbidades consideradas de risco para COVID-19 grave e operacionalizado de duas formas: ≥1 e ≥2 condições. Avaliou-se a gravidade da situação de saúde por meio da autoavaliação do estado de saúde, fragilidade e Atividades Básicas da Vida Diária. As análises incluíram cálculo de prevalência e número absoluto estimado de pessoas na população. Sexo, idade, região geopolítica e escolaridade foram utilizadas como covariáveis. Cerca de 80% (≈34 milhões) dos indivíduos apresentaram pelo menos alguma das morbidades avaliadas; multimorbidade esteve presente em metade da população em estudo (52,0%) sendo, percentualmente, maior nas regiões Centro-Oeste, Sudeste e Sul. Doenças cardiovasculares e obesidade foram as condições mais frequentes. Indivíduos considerados com situação grave de saúde com morbidades representaram >6% da população em estudo (≈2,4 milhões) com desigualdades segundo escolaridade. O número de pessoas em envelhecimento no Brasil que apresentam morbidades de risco para COVID-19 grave é alto, em termos relativos e absolutos. Essa mensuração pode ser útil para planejar as estratégias de enfrentamento do novo coronavírus em diferentes etapas da pandemia

Comportamentos de proteção para COVID-19 entre adultos e idosos brasileiros que vivem com multimorbidade (Iniciativa ELSI-COVID-19)

To measure the occurrence of protective behaviors for COVID-19 and sociodemographic factors according to the occurrence of multimorbidity (MM) in the Brazilian population aged 50 or over was the objective of this study. We used data from telephone surveys among participants of ELSI (Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Elderly's Health), conducted between May and June 2020. The use of non-pharmacological prevention measures for COVID-19, reasons for leaving home according to the presence of multimorbidity and sociodemographic variables were evaluated. among 6,149 individuals. Multimorbidity was more frequent in females, married, aged 50-59 years and residents of the urban area. Most of the population left home between once and twice in the last week, increasing according to the number of morbidities (22.3% no morbidities and 38% with MM). Leaving home every day was less common among individuals with MM (10.3%) and 9.3% left home in the last week to access health care. Hand hygiene (> 98%) and always wearing a mask when leaving home (> 96%) were almost universal habits. Greater adherence to social isolation was observed among women with multimorbidity when compared to men (PR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.23; 1.79). This adherence increased proportionally with age and inversely with the level of education. The protective behavior in people with MM seems to be greater in relation to the others, although issues related to social isolation and health care deserve to be highlighted. These findings can be useful in customizing strategies for coping with the current pandemic.Objetivou-se medir a ocorrência de comportamentos de proteção para a COVID-19 e fatores sociodemográficos segundo a ocorrência de multimorbidade (MM) na população brasileira com 50 anos ou mais de idade. Foram utilizados dados de inquérito telefônico entre participantes do ELSI (Estudo Longitudinal da Saúde dos Idosos Brasileiros), conduzidas entre maio e junho de 2020. Avaliou-se o uso de medidas de prevenção não farmacológica para COVID-19, motivos para sair de casa segundo a presença de multimorbidade e variáveis sociodemográficas. Participaram do estudo 6.149 pessoas. Multimorbidade foi mais frequente no sexo feminino, em casados, na faixa etária 50-59 anos de idade e em moradores da zona urbana. A maior parte da população saiu de casa entre uma e duas vezes na última semana, aumentando segundo o número de morbidades (22,3% sem morbidades e 38% com MM). Sair de casa todos os dias teve menor ocorrência entre indivíduos com MM (10,3%) e 9,3% saíram de casa na última semana para obter atendimento de saúde. Higienização de mãos (>98%) e sempre usar máscara ao sair de casa (>96%), foram hábitos quase universais. Observou-se maior adesão ao isolamento social entre as mulheres com multimorbidade quando comparada com os homens (RP=1,49, IC95%: 1,23; 1,79); Esta adesão aumentou proporcionalmente com a idade e inversamente ao nível de escolaridade. O comportamento de proteção em pessoas com MM parece ser maior em relação aos demais, embora questões relacionadas ao isolamento social e cuidado em saúde mereçam ser destacadas. Esses achados podem ser úteis na customização de estratégias de enfrentamento atual da pandemia

Lifestyle factors and high body mass index are associated with different multimorbidity clusters in the Brazilian population.

Multimorbidity patterns of a population can be influenced by socioeconomic and lifestyle-related factors. Some of these factors are preventable when healthy habits are promoted to the population. This study analyzed the main grouping patterns of chronic diseases and the relationship with socioeconomic and lifestyle-related factors of the Brazilian population (over the age of 18), based on a population-based survey (2013 National Health Survey). A total of 60,202 participants were included. Cluster analysis was carried out to identify the combinations of chronic diseases. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were carried out to verify the relationship between disease clusters and independent variables, utilizing Poisson's regression with robust variance, considering a 95% confidence interval. Cluster analysis revealed four disease clusters:cardiometabolic diseases/cancer, mental/occupational diseases, musculoskeletal diseases and respiratory diseases, all significantly associated with the female gender, current/past smoking habits and overweight/obesity in multivariate analyses. These aspects must be considered when planning health services and developing strategies and guidelines for the prevention and treatment of multiple chronic conditions

Prevalence of multimorbidity in the Brazilian adult population according to socioeconomic and demographic characteristics

<div><p>Knowledge on the occurrence of multimorbidity is important from the viewpoint of public policies, as this condition increases the consumption of medicines as well as the utilization and expenses of health services, affecting life quality of the population. The objective of this study was to estimate prevalence of self-reported multimorbidity in Brazilian adults (≥18 years old) according to socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. A descriptive study is presented herein, based on data from the National Health Survey, which was a household-based survey carried out in Brazil in 2013. Data on 60,202 adult participants over the age of 18 were included. Prevalences and its respective confidence intervals (95%) were estimated according to sex, age, education level, marital status, self-reported skin color, area of residence, occupation and federative units (states). Poisson regression models univariate and multivariate were used to evaluate the association between socioeconomic and demographic variables with multimorbidity. To observe the combinations of chronic conditions the most common groups in pairs, trios, quartets and quintets of chronic diseases were observed. The prevalence of multimorbidity was 23.6% and was higher among women, in individuals over 60 years of age, people with low educational levels, people living with partner, in urban areas and among unemployed persons. The states of the South and Southeast regions presented higher prevalence. The most common groups of chronic diseases were metabolic and musculoskeletal diseases. The results demonstrated high prevalence of multimorbidity in Brazil. The study also revealed that a considerable share of the economically active population presented two or more chronic diseases. Data of this research indicated that socioeconomic and demographic aspects must be considered during the planning of health services and development of prevention and treatment strategies for chronic diseases, and consequently, multimorbidity.</p></div

Prevalence(%) of multimorbidity according to socioeconomic characteristics by sex. NHS, Brazil. 2013.

<p>Prevalence(%) of multimorbidity according to socioeconomic characteristics by sex. NHS, Brazil. 2013.</p

Prevalence (%) of chronic diseases by age in the adult Brazilian population—NHS, Brazil, 2013.

<p>Prevalence (%) of chronic diseases by age in the adult Brazilian population—NHS, Brazil, 2013.</p

Univariate and multivariate analysis of the association between sociodemographic characteristics and multimorbidity. NHS, Brazil, 2013.

<p>Univariate and multivariate analysis of the association between sociodemographic characteristics and multimorbidity. NHS, Brazil, 2013.</p

Prevalence of multimorbidity among individuals over 18 years of age, per federative unit and federal district. PNS, Brasil, 2013.

<p>Prevalence of multimorbidity among individuals over 18 years of age, per federative unit and federal district. PNS, Brasil, 2013.</p

Combination of chronic diseases among respondents with multimorbidity. NHS, Brazil, 2013.

<p>Combination of chronic diseases among respondents with multimorbidity. NHS, Brazil, 2013.</p

Proportion(%) of chronic diseases in the group of individuals with multimorbidity—NHS, Brazil. 2013.

<p>Proportion(%) of chronic diseases in the group of individuals with multimorbidity—NHS, Brazil. 2013.</p