Impact of Apple Rust Mite (Acari: Eriophyiidae) Feeding on Apple Leaf Gas Exchange and Leaf Color Associated with Changes in Leaf Tissue

The impact of the apple rust mite, Aculus schlechtendali (Nalepa), on net CO2 exchange, transpiration rate, and leaf color of field-grown Jonagold and Golden Delicious apples was investigated. Apple rust mite feeding causes leaf browning. Changes in leaf color were measured to assess the cumulative leaf damage. Significant negative relationships were found between cumulative leaf damage and single-leaf net CO2 exchange as well as transpiration rate. The same trends were observed on both varieties, but the effect of apple rust mite feeding was more severe on Jonagold than on Golden Delicious. Leaf tissue injury was analyzed by cryoscanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. The pictures show that apple rust mites penetrate epidermal cells with their stylets, causing multiple puncture wounds. On heavily infested leaves, apple rust mite feeding causes desiccation of the epidermis and the spongy parenchyma. The resulting malfunction of the stomata and problems in gas exchange within the spongy parenchyma are likely to be the main reason for the reduction of gas exchang

Prothese totale de hanche avec ou sans prophylaxie antibiotique. [Total hip prosthesis with or without preventive use of antibiotics]

514 patients with total hip replacement were operated in 3 years in our county hospital. The patients were divided in two groups: 1. high risk patients: these patients had an antibiotica prophylaxis with 3 doses of 2 g of cefamandole beginning at the time of the induction of the anaesthesia; 2. patients without risks: they had no antibiotica. The two groups of patients were controlled at 3 and 12 months after the operation. 159 patients had a risk for an infection and had antibiotica, 355 patients had no antibiotica. The infection rate after 1 year was 0.6% in the group of patients with antibiotica, and 1.4% in the group of patients without antibiotica. This gave no statistical significance. The only statistical difference between the 2 groups was a significantly higher rate of urinary infection in the group with antibiotica. Thus it has been shown that urinary infections after total hip replacement correctly treated with antibiotica are not a high risk for an infection in the prosthesis. We conclude that antibiotica prophylaxis for total hip replacement in patients with high risk factors (like diabetes, corticotherapy, intraarticular injection, obesity and operation on the same hip) may help to have a postoperatively low infection rate, in our case 0.6%

Is suction drainage necessary after total joint arthroplasty? A prospective study.

A prospective evaluation of 98 patients who had undergone a total hip or knee arthroplasty was conducted to assess the effect of postoperative suction drainage. Sixty-six patients undergoing elective total hip arthroplasty and 32 patients undergoing total knee replacement were randomly allocated to undergo either suction drainage or no drainage of the wound. Statistical analysis of the results showed no difference in wound healing, severity of wound haematoma, postoperative blood transfusion requirement, range of motion and duration of the hospitalization between the two groups. We conclude that the use of closed suction drainage provides no apparent advantage after uncomplicated total hip or knee arthroplasty

Impact of Apple Rust Mite (Acari: Eriophyiidae) Feeding on Apple Leaf Gas Exchange and Leaf Color Associated with Changes in Leaf Tissue

ISSN:0046-225XISSN:1938-293

Is the proximal femoral nail a suitable implant for treatment of all trochanteric fractures?

We reviewed 155 consecutive patients who were treated with a proximal femoral nail from 1997 to 2001 to determine the rate of implant specific complications. Results were stratified according to fracture type and surgeon experience to determine which problems occurred in these groups. One year postoperative followup was available for 129 of 132 surviving patients (98%). Failure of fixation occurred in three patients (2%), and a femoral shaft fracture occurred in one patient (0.7%). Fixation failures included one cutout, one delayed fracture healing, and one lateral displacement of the antirotation screw. The total reoperation rate was high (12%) mainly because of hardware removals, which occurred in 13 patients (8.6%). Stratification of results showed that hematomas and iliotibial tract irritation occurred more commonly with lesser surgical experience. General complications and intraoperative problems were seen more often with subtrochanteric fractures. Because the high reoperation rate with the proximal femoral nail is a concern, extramedullary devices continue to be the preferred implants for treatment of stable trochanteric fractures. The low rates of femoral shaft fractures and failure of fixation suggest the proximal femoral nail is useful for treatment of unstable trochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures