Evaluating the Underlying Gender Bias in Contextualized Word Embeddings

Gender bias is highly impacting natural language processing applications. Word embeddings have clearly been proven both to keep and amplify gender biases that are present in current data sources. Recently, contextualized word embeddings have enhanced previous word embedding techniques by computing word vector representations dependent on the sentence they appear in. In this paper, we study the impact of this conceptual change in the word embedding computation in relation with gender bias. Our analysis includes different measures previously applied in the literature to standard word embeddings. Our findings suggest that contextualized word embeddings are less biased than standard ones even when the latter are debiased

Behavior of the lean methane-air flame at zero-gravity

A special rig was designed and constructed to be compatible with the NASA Lewis Research Center Airborne Research Laboratory to allow the study of the effect of gravity on the behavior of lean limit in a standard 50.4 mm (2 in.) internal diameter tube when the mixtures are ignited at the open end and propagate towards the closed end of the tube. The lean limit at zero gravity was found to be 5.10% methane and the flame was found to extenguish in a manner previously observed for downward propagating flames at one g. It was observed that g-jitter could be maintained at less than + or 0.04 g on most zero g trajectories. All of propagating lean limit flames were found to be sporadically cellularly unstable at zero g. There was no observable correlation between the occurrence of g-jitter and the lean limit, average propagation speed of the flame through the tube or the occurrence of cellular instability

We Should Search for Life in Mars N. Polar Ground Ice

The 2008 Phoenix Mars lander mission sampled ground ice at 68N latitude. Mission results, considered along with climate modeling studies, suggest that the site is habitable for life during high obliquity periods. The Icebreaker mission has been proposed to the NASA Discovery program to search for biosignatures produced during habitable periods. This paper explores its rationale and approach

Managing the Regulatory State: The Experience of the Bush Administration

This Article traces the history of Presidential management of the regulatory state up to the administration of President George W. Bush. It focuses on the latter\u27s implementation of smarter regulation, an approach to regulation based on unfunded mandates on the private sector implemented through the Office of Management and Budget, an organization within the Executive Office of the President. It finds cost-benefit analysis an essential, yet often neglected, tool for implementing efficient and effective regulations. It concludes the policies promoted under President Bush\u27s OMB have effectively cut costs by streamlining the rule-making process and discouraging adopting new federal rules, but cautions there is still a sea of overlapping regulations and conflict over turf among agencies causing the administrative state to steadily rise in cost

Due Process and Management for Guidance Documents: Good Governance Long Overdue

On January 18, 2007, President Bush signed amendments to clarify and strengthen Executive Order (E.O.) 12,866, which President Clinton had issued to update principles for inter-agency planning and review of regulations. The most important provisions of President Bush\u27s E.O. 13,422 clearly extend interagency review to guidance documents. E.O. 13,422 was reinforced by a Bulletin for Agency Good Guidance Practices issued by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB). Together, E.O. 13,422 and the OMB Bulletin establish the first government-wide rules of the road to manage the development and use of guidance documents

English-Catalan Neural Machine Translation in the Biomedical Domain through the cascade approach

This paper describes the methodology followed to build a neural machine translation system in the biomedical domain for the English-Catalan language pair. This task can be considered a low-resourced task from the point of view of the domain and the language pair. To face this task, this paper reports experiments on a cascade pivot strategy through Spanish for the neural machine translation using the English-Spanish SCIELO and Spanish-Catalan El Peri\'odico database. To test the final performance of the system, we have created a new test data set for English-Catalan in the biomedical domain which is freely available on request.Comment: Full workshop proceedings can be found at https://multilingualbio.bsc.es/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/LREC-2018-PROCEEDINGS-MultilingualBIO.pd

PEMANFAATAN SAO ENDA SEBAGAI CAGAR BUDAYA SELALEJO DI DESA SELALEJO TIMUR KECAMATAN MAUPONGGO KABUPATEN NAGEKEO

Kabupaten Nagekeo. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pemanfaatan Sa’o Enda sebagai Cagar Budaya Selalejo di Desa Selalejo Timur Kecamatan Mauponggo Kabupaten Nagekeo. Metode penelitian yang  digunakan  adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian sebanyak lima orang yang terdiri dari informan kunci satu orang dan informan pendukung empat orang.Teknik pengumpulan data adalah wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi.Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini melalui tahapanya itu: 1) Pengumpulan data, 2) Reduksi data, 3) Pemaparan data, 4) Penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian:Masyarakat Selalejo menganggap rumah adat Sa’o Enda sebagai cerminan kehidupan yang bersifat profan dan sakral, sehingga segala norma yang mengikatnya menjadi suatu kesepakatan yang harus diwajibakan dalam ritual atau upacara adat. Di dalam rumah adat Sa’o Enda juga terdapat simbol-simbol yang mengandung makna tersendiri bagi masyarakat adat Selalejo. Adapun teori  yang digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan pemanfaatan Sa’o Enda sebagai Cagar Budaya Selalejo di Desa Selalejo Timur yaitu teori antropogi simbolik yang digagaskan oleh Geertz. Geetz menjelaskan bahwa teori simbolik memandang kebudayaan sebagai suatu sistem simbol yang dimiliki oleh suatu masyarakat yang membutuhkan interpretasi terhadap makna dari simbol yang ada. Kesimpulannya dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa Sa’o Enda merupakan salah satu warisan budaya yang dimanfaatkan sebagai tempat penyimpanan benda-benda pusaka dan sebagai tempat pelaksanaan ritual adat.     &nbsp

Enabling Vaccine Delivery Platforms and Adjuvants for Malaria

Enabling vaccine delivery platforms and adjuvants with promising attributes for malaria vaccine development are reviewed within the framework of accessibility, efficacy, clinical status, cost, and cold-chain considerations. An emphasis is placed on commercially available platforms and adjuvants including virus-like particle, nanoparticle, microneedle, and mRNA vaccine delivery platforms as well as lipid vesicle, microparticle, and emulsion-based adjuvants. Strategies for addressing complications of vaccine delivery in endemic regions due to concatenate vaccination and infection, and parasite immune avoidance mechanisms are presented. Additionally, recent findings regarding how malaria infection triggers inflammatory pathways and T cell exhaustion along with negative impacts to the development of effective memory responses are described in a context relevant to vaccine development