Effect Of Aluminum Oxide-blasted Implant Surface On The Bone Healing Around Implants In Rats Submitted To Continuous Administration Of Selective Cvclooxvaenase-2 Inhibitors

Purpose: The continual use of selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors may have a negative impact on bone repair around titanium implants. Because modified implant surfaces could be considered an important strategy to increase success rates in some conditions that interfere in bone healing, the aim of this study was to investigate whether an aluminum oxide (Al2bO 3)blasted implant surface could reduce the negative action promoted by the continuous administration of selective COX-2 inhibitors on bone healing around implants. Materials and Methods: Thirty Wistar rats received one titanium implant (machined or Al2O3-blasted surface) in each tibia and were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: saline (n = 14) or meloxicam (n = 16); each was administered daily for 60 days. Bone-to-implant contact (BIC), bone area (BA) within the limits of threads, and bone density (BD) in a zone lateral to the implant were examined in undecalcified sections. Results: The Al2O3-blasted surface resulted in significantly increased BIC in both groups, and meloxicam significantly reduced bone healing around implants (P < .05). For the machined surface, significant differences were observed for BIC (39.48 ± 10.18; 25.23 ± 9.29), BA (60.62 ± 4.09; 42.94 ± 8.12), and BD (56.31 ± 3.64; 49.30 ± 3.15) in the saline and meloxicam groups, respectively. For the Al2O3-biasted surface, data analysis also demonstrated significant differences for BIC (45.92 ± 11.34; 33.30 ± 7.56), BA (61.04 ± 4.39; 44.89 ± 7.11), and BD (58.77 ± 2.93; 50.04 ± 3.94) for the saline and meloxicam groups, respectively. Conclusions: The Al2O3-blasted surface may increase BIC; however, it does not reverse the negative effects promoted by a selective COX-2 inhibitor on bone healing around implants.242226233Adell, R., Lekholm, U., Rockler, B., Brȧnemark P-I.A 15-year study of osseointegrated implants in the treatment of the edentulous jaw (1981) Int J Oral Surg, 10, pp. 387-416Lindquist L, Carlsson, G.E., Jemt, T.A., Prospective 15-year follow-up study of mandibular fixed prostheses supported by osseointegrated implants Clinical results and marginal bone loss (1996) Clin Oral Implants Res, 7, pp. 329-336Payne, J.B., Reinhardt, R.A., Nummikoski, P.V., Dunning, D.G., Patii, K.D., The association of cigarette smoking with alveolar bone loss in postmenopausal females (2000) J Clin Periodontol, 27, pp. 658-664Rapuri, P.B., Gallacher, J.C., Balhorn, K.E., Ryschon, K.L., Smoking and bone metabolism in elderly women (2000) Bone, 27, pp. 429-436César-Neto, J.B., Benatti, B.B., Sallum, E.A., Sallum, A.W., Nociti FH, Jr., Bone filling around titanium implants may benefit from smoking cessation: A histologic study in rats (2005) J Periodontol, 76, pp. 1476-1481Ribeiro, F.V., Cesar Neto, J.B., Nociti Jr, F.H., Selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor may impair bone healing around titanium implants in rats (2006) J Periodontol, 77, pp. 1731-1735Lemmel, E.-M., Bolten, W., Burgos-Vargas, R., Platt, P., Nissila, M., Sahlberg, D., Bjorneboe, O., Distel, M., Efficacy and safety of meloxicam in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (1997) Journal of Rheumatology, 24 (2), pp. 282-290Sato, Y., Arai, N., Negishi, A., Ohya, K., Expression of cyclooxygenase genes and involvement of endogenous prostaglandin during osteogenesis in the rat tibial bone marrow cavity (1997) J Med Dent Sci, 44, pp. 81-92Arikawa, T., Omura, K., Morita I.Regulation of bone morpho- genetic protein-2 expression by endogenous prostaglandin E2 in human mesenchymal stem cells (2004) J Cell Physiol, 200, pp. 400-406Deligianni, D.D., Katsala, N., Ladas, S., Sotiropoulou, D., Amedee, J., Missirlis, Y.F., Effect of surface roughness of the titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V on human bone marrow cell response and on protein adsorption (2001) Biomaterials, 22 (11), pp. 1241-1251. , DOI 10.1016/S0142-9612(00)00274-X, PII S014296120000274XSchwartz, Z., Boyan, B.D., Underlying mechanisms at the bone biomaterial interface (1994) J Cell Biochem, 56, pp. 340-347Lazzara Rjtestori Ttrisi, P., Porter, S.S., Weinstein, R.L., A human histological analysis of osseotites and machined surfaces using implants with 2 opposing surfaces (1999) Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent, 19, pp. 117-129Roccuzzo, M., Wilson, T.G., A prospective study evaluating a protocol for 6 weeks' loading of SLA implants in the posterior maxilla (2002) Clin Oral Implants Res, 13, pp. 502-507Lima, A.L., Fuchs-Wehrle, A.M., Lang, N.P., Surface characteristics of implants influence their bone integration after simultaneous placement of implant and GBR membrane (2003) Clin Oral Implants Res, 14, pp. 669-679Weng, D., Hoffmeyer, M., Hürzeler, M.B., Richter, E.J., The Osseotite vs machined surface in poor bone quality. 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Antimicrobial peptides and nitric oxide production by neutrophils from periodontitis subjects

Neutrophils play an important role in periodontitis by producing nitric oxide (NO) and antimicrobial peptides, molecules with microbicidal activity via oxygen-dependent and -independent mechanisms, respectively. It is unknown whether variation in the production of antimicrobial peptides such as LL-37, human neutrophil peptides (HNP) 1-3, and NO by neutrophils influences the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. We compared the production of these peptides and NO by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated neutrophils isolated from healthy subjects and from patients with periodontitis. Peripheral blood neutrophils were cultured with or without Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans-LPS (Aa-LPS), Porphyromonas gingivalis-LPS (Pg-LPS) and Escherichia coli-LPS (Ec-LPS). qRT-PCR was used to determine quantities of HNP 1-3 and LL-37 mRNA in neutrophils. Amounts of HNP 1-3 and LL-37 proteins in the cell culture supernatants were also determined by ELISA. In addition, NO levels in neutrophil culture supernatants were quantitated by the Griess reaction. Neutrophils from periodontitis patients cultured with Aa-LPS, Pg-LPS and Ec-LPS expressed higher HNP 1-3 mRNA than neutrophils from healthy subjects. LL-37 mRNA expression was higher in neutrophils from patients stimulated with Aa-LPS. Neutrophils from periodontitis patients produced significantly higher LL-37 protein levels than neutrophils from healthy subjects when stimulated with Pg-LPS and Ec-LPS, but no difference was observed in HNP 1-3 production. Neutrophils from periodontitis patients cultured or not with Pg-LPS and Ec-LPS produced significantly lower NO levels than neutrophils from healthy subjects. The significant differences in the production of LL-37 and NO between neutrophils from healthy and periodontitis subjects indicate that production of these molecules might influence individual susceptibility to important periodontal pathogens

Cyclosporine-a And Bone Density Around Titanium Implants: A Histometric Study In Rabbits

Aim: Cyclosporine A (CsA) is an immunosuppressive agent commonly used to prevent organ transplantation rejection. It has been demonstrated that CsA may negatively affect osseointegration around dental implants. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of CsA administration on bone density around titanium dental implants. Materials and Methods: Fourteen New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 2 groups with seven animals each. The test group (CsA) received daily subcutaneous injection of CsA (10mg/kg body weight) and the control group (CTL) received saline solution by the same route of administration. Three days after the beginning of immunosuppressive therapy, one machined dental implant (7.00 mm in lenght and 3.75 mm in diameter) was inserted bilaterally at the region of the tibial methaphysis. After 4 and 8 weeks the animals were sacrificed and the histometrical procedures were performed to analyse the bone density around the first four threads of the coronal part of the implant. Results: A significant increase in the bone density was observed from the 4- to the 8 week-period in the control group (37.41% + 14.85 versus 58.23% + 16.38 - p <0.01). In contrast, bone density consistently decreased in the test group overtime (46.31% + 17.38 versus 16.28 + 5.08 - p <0.05). In the 8-week period, there was a significant difference in bone density between the control and the test groups (58.23 + 16.38 eand16.28 + 5.08 - p= 0.001). Conclusion: Within the limits of this study, long-term CsA administration may reduce bone density around titanium dental implants during the osseointegration process.322529Albrektsson, T., Bone tissue response (1985) Tissue Integrated Prosthesis Osseointegration in Clinical Dentistry, pp. 129-144. , Brånemark P-I, Zarb G, Albrektsson T, eds, Chicago: QuintessenceMargonar, R., Sakakura, C.E., Holzhausen, M., Pepato, M.T., Alba Jr., R.C., Marcantonio Jr., E., The influence of diabetes mellitus and insulin therapy on biomechanical retentionaround dental implants: A study in rabbits Implant Dent, , in pressTakeshita, F., Murai, K., Iyama, S., Ayukawa, Y., Suetsugu, T., Uncontrolled diabetes hinders bone formation around titanium implants in rat tibiae. A light and fluorescence microscopy, and image processing study (1998) Journal of Periodontology, 69 (3), pp. 314-320Dao, T.T., Anderson, J.D., Zarb, G.A., Is osteoporosis a risk factor for osseointegration of dental implants? (1993) Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 8, pp. 137-144Mendes Duarte, P., Cesar-Neto, J.B., Sallum, A.W., Sallum, E.A., Nociti Jr., F.H., Effect of estrogen and calcitonin therapies on bone density in a lateral area adjacent to implants placed in the tibiae of ovariectomized rats (2003) Journal of Periodontology, 74 (11), pp. 1618-1624. , DOI 10.1902/jop.2003.74.11.1618Granström, G., Radiotherapy, osseointegration and hyperbaric oxygen therapy (2000) Periodontol, 33, pp. 145-162Cesar-Neto, J.B., Duarte, P.M., Sallum, E.A., Barbieri, D., Moreno Jr., H., Nociti Jr., F.H., A comparative study on the effect of nicotine administration and cigarette smoke inhalation on bone healing around titanium implants (2003) Journal of Periodontology, 74 (10), pp. 1454-1459. , DOI 10.1902/jop.2003.74.10.1454Duarte, P.M., Filho, G.R.N., Sallum, E.A., De Toledo, S., Sallum, A.W., Nociti Jr., F.H., The effect of an immunosuppressive therapy and its withdrawal on bone healing around titanium implants. A histometric study in rabbits (2001) Journal of Periodontology, 72 (10), pp. 1391-1397. , DOI 10.1902/jop.2001.72.10.1391Sakakura, C.E., Margonar, R., Holzhausen, M., Nociti Jr., F.H., Alba Jr., R.C., Marcantonio Jr., E., Influence of cyclosporin a therapy on bone healing around titanium implants. A histometric and biomechanic study in rabbits (2003) J Periodontol., 74, pp. 974-979Ruegger, A., Kuhn, M., Lichti, H., Cyclosporin A, a peptide metabolite from Trichoderma polysporum (Link ex Pers.) Rifai, with a remarkable immunosuppressive activity (1976) Helv Chim Acta, 59, pp. 1075-1092McCauley, L.K., Rosol, T.J., Capen, C.C., Effects of cyclosporin A on rat osteoblasts (ROS 17/2.8 Cells) in vitro (1992) Calcif Tissue Int, 51, pp. 291-297Movsowitz, C., Epstein, S., Ismail, F., Fallon, M., Thomas, S., Cyclosporin A in the oophorectomized rat: Unexpected severe bone resorption (1989) Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 4 (3), pp. 393-398Movsowitz, C., Epstein, S., Fallon, M., Ismail, F., Thomas, S., Cyclosporin-A in vivo procedures severe osteopenia in the rat: Effect of dose and duration of administration (1988) Endocrinol, 123, pp. 2571-2577Rucinski, B., Liu, C.C., Epstein, S., Utilization of cyclosporine H to elucidate the possible mechanisms of cyclosporine A-induced osteopenia in the rat (1994) Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental, 43 (9), pp. 1114-1118. , DOI 10.1016/0026-0495(94)90053-1Cayco, A.V., Wysolmerski, J., Simpson, C., Mitnick, M.A., Gundberg, C., Kliger, A., Lorber, M., Bia, M., Posttransplant bone disease: Evidence for a high bone resorption state (2000) Transplantation, 70 (12), pp. 1722-1728Julian, B.A., Laskow, D.A., Dubovsky, J., Dubovsky, E.V., Curtis, J.J., Quarles, L.D., Rapid loss of vertebral mineral density after renal transplantation (1991) N Engl J Med, 325, pp. 544-550Vedi, S., Greer, S., Skingle, S.J., Garrahan, N.J., Ninkovic, M., Alexander, G.A., Compston, J.E., Mechanism of bone loss after liver transplantation: A histomorphometric analysis (1999) Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 14 (2), pp. 281-287. , DOI 10.1359/jbmr.1999.14.2.281Da Feitosa, D.S., De Bezerra, B.B., Ambrosano, G.M., Nociti, F.H., Casati, M.Z., Sallum, E.A., De Toledo, S., Thyroid hormones may influence cortical bone healing around titanium implants: A histometric study in rats (2008) J Periodontol, 79, pp. 881-887Correa, M.G., Gomes Campos, M.L., César-Neto, J.B., Casati, M.Z., Nociti, F.H., Sallum, E.A., Histometric evaluation of bone around titanium implants with different surfasse treatments in rats exposed to cigarette smoke inhalation (2009) Clin Oral Implants Res, 20, pp. 588-593Donath, K., Breuner, G., A method for the study of undecalcified bones and teeth with attached soft tissues. The Sage-Schliff (sawing and grinding) technique (1982) Journal of Oral Pathology, 11 (4), pp. 318-326Davies, J.E., Understanding peri-implant endosseous healing (2003) J Dent Edu., 67 (8), pp. 932-949Buchinsky, F.J., Ma, Y., Mann, G.N., T lymphocytes play a critical role in the development of cyclosporin A-induced osteopenia (1996) Endocrinol, 137, pp. 2278-2285Horowitz, M., Vignery, A., Gershon, R.K., Baron, R., Thymus-derived lymphocytes and their interactions with macrophages are required for the production of osteoclast-activating factor in the mouse (1984) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 81 (7), pp. 2181-2185Grizon, F., Aguado, E., Hure, G., Basle, M.F., Chappard, D., Enhanced bone integration of implants with increased surface roughness: A long term study in the sheep (2002) Journal of Dentistry, 30 (5-6), pp. 195-203. , DOI 10.1016/S0300-5712(02)00018-0, PII S0300571202000180Albrektsson, T., Wennerberg, A., Oral implant surfaces: Part 1-review focusing on topographic and chemical properties of different surfaces and in vivo responses to them (2004) International Journal of Prosthodontics, 17 (5), pp. 536-543Schneider, G.B., Zaharias, R., Seabold, D., Keller, J., Stanford, C., Differentiation of preosteoblasts is affected by implant surface microtopographies (2004) Journal of Biomedical Materials Research - Part A, 69 (3), pp. 462-468Shane, E., Rodino, M.A., McMahon, D.J., Addesso, V., Staron, R.B., Seibel, M.J., Mancini, D., Michler, R.E., Prevention of bone loss after heart transplantation with antiresorptive therapy: A pilot study (1998) Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation, 17 (11), pp. 1089-1096Fu, E., Hsieh, Y.-D., Nieh, S., Wikesjo, U.M.E., Liu, D., Effects of cyclosporin A on alveolar bone: An experimental study in the rat (1999) Journal of Periodontology, 70 (2), pp. 189-194. , DOI 10.1902/jop.1999.70.2.18

Millimeter Marks And Probe Tip Diameter Standardisation From Commercially Available Periodontal Probes. A Comparative Study.

The periodontal probe is still the most important tool for a correct and reproducible periodontal diagnosis. The aim of this study was to verify the standardisation from millimeter marks and tip diameter of four currently marketed periodontal probes. 129 new probes were randomly acquired in the market: 9 Williams-Hu Friedy (group A), 50 Williams-Golgran (group B), 35 Williams-Neumar (group C) and 35 WHO-Hu Friedy (group D). Mark calibration was assessed by digital images that were analysed by an image analysis system. A digital caliper assessed the tip diameter. Blind duplicate measurements were undertaken. The calibration of mark measurements demonstrated that all probes used in this study were not precise, although groups A and D were more accurate than groups B and C (P 0.05). It can be concluded that some concern should arise regarding the standardisation of periodontal probes since they are relevant to minimise probing errors and consequently enhance the accuracy and reproducibility of periodontal probe-dependant measurements in clinical and epidemiological studies.33576

Steroidal And Non-steroidal Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor Anti-inflammatory Drugs As Pre-emptive Medication In Patients Undergoing Periodontal Surgery

The aim of the present study was to compare the pre-emptive use of a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor with a well established steroidal anti-inflammatory drug for pain and edema relief following periodontal surgery for crown lengthening. Thirty patients requiring periodontal surgery were randomly assigned to receive one of the following medications: selective COX-2 inhibitor or steroidal antiinflammatory drug, 60 min before the surgical procedure. To examine patient anxiety, a Corah's dental anxiety scale was applied before surgery. Using a visual analog scale, the extent of pain/discomfort during the trans-operative period and immediately after the surgery was measured. Additionally, intensity of pain/discomfort and edema were examined 4, 8, 12 and 24 h postoperatively. With regard to anxiety, no statistical differences between the groups were observed (p>0.05). With respect to the extent of pain/discomfort during the trans-operative, immediate and late postoperative period, data demonstrated no significant differences (p>0.05) between the COX-2 inhibitor and steroidal groups. With regard to edema, intragroup analysis did not reveal any statistically significant difference (p>0.05) during the 24 h following surgery in either group. In conclusion, both anti-inflammatory drugs presented a similar potential for pain and edema relief following periodontal surgery.236621628Pontoriero, R., Carnevale, G., Surgical crown lengthening: A 12-month clinical wound healing study (2001) J Periodontol, 72, pp. 841-848fDeas, D.E., Moritz, A.J., McDonnell, H.T., Powell, C.A., Mealey, B.L., Osseous surgery for crown lengthening: A 6-month clinical study (2004) J Periodontol, 75, pp. 1288-1294Vogel, R.I., Gross, J.I., The effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics on pain after periodontal surgery (1984) J Am Dent Assoc, 109, pp. 731-734Silva, R.C.L., Riera, R., Saconato, H., Lumiracoxib for acute postoperative dental pain: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials (2011) São Paulo Med J, 129, pp. 335-345Piecuch, J.F., What strategies are helpful in the operative management of third molars? (2012) J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 70, pp. s25-s32Qi, D.S., May, L.G., Zimmerman, B., Peng, P., Atillasoy, E., Brown, J.D., A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of acetaminophen 1000 mg versus acetaminophen 650 mg for the treatment of postsurgical dental pain (2012) Clin Ther, 34, pp. 2247-2258Pilatti, G.L., dos Santos, A.F., Bianchi, A., Cavassim, R., Tozetto, C.W., The use of celecoxib and dexamethasone for the prevention and control of postoperative pain after periodontal surgery (2006) J Periodontol, 77, pp. 1809-1814Laureano-Filho, J.R., Maurette, P.E., Allais, M., Cotinho, M., Fernandes, C., Clinical comparative study of the effectiveness of two dosages of dexamethasone to control postoperative swelling, trismus and pain after the surgical extraction of mandibular impacted third molars (2008) Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal, 13, pp. 129-132Moore, P.A., Hersh, E.V., Celecoxib and rofecoxib: The role of COX-2 inhibitors in dental practice (2001) J Am Dent Assoc, 132, pp. 451-456Emery, P., Considerations for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy: Benefits (1996) Scand J Rheumatol Suppl, 105, pp. 5-9Esser, R.E., Miserendino-Molteni, R., Sharr, M., Zhang, X., Porter, W., Ramos, L., Pharmacodynamic behaviour of the selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor lumiracoxib in the lipopolysaccharidestimulated rat air pouch model (2005) Eur J Pharm Sci, 25, pp. 25-30López, C.C., Martínez, G.J.M., Donado, R.M., The use of methylprednisolone versus diclofenac in the treatment of inflammation and trismus after surgical removal of lower third molars (2006) Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal, 1, pp. 440-445Ainamo, J., Bay, I., Problems and proposals for recording gingivitis and plaque (1975) Int Dent J, 25, pp. 229-235Muhlemann, H.R., Son, S., Gingival sulcus bleeding-a leading symptom in initial gingivitis (1971) Helv Odontol Acta, 15, pp. 107-113Corah, N.L., Development of a dental anxiety scale (1969) J Dent Res, 48, p. 596Savage, M.G., Henry, M.A., Preoperative nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents: Review of the literature (2004) Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 98, pp. 146-152Vogel, R.I., Desjardins, P.J., Major, K.V.O., Comparison of presurgical and immediate postsurgical ibuprofen on postoperative periodontal pain (1992) J Periodontol, 63, pp. 914-918Desjardins, P.J., Shu, V.S., Recker, D.P., Verburg, K.M., Woolf, C.J., A single preoperative oral dose of valdecoxib, a new cyclooxygenase-2 specific inhibitor, relieves post-oral surgery or bunionectomy pain (2002) Anesthesiology, 97, pp. 565-573Esen, E., Tasar, F., Akhan, O., Determination of the anti-inflammatory effects of methylprednisolone on the sequelae of third molar surgery (1999) J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 57, pp. 1201-1206Philstrom, B.L., Hargreaves, K.M., Bouwsma, O.J., Myers, W.R., Goodale, M.B., Doyle, M.J., Pain after periodontal scaling and root planing (1999) J Am Dent Assoc, 130, pp. 801-807Ribeiro, F.V., Nociti-Junior, F.H., Sallum, E.A., Casati, M.Z., Use of enamel matrix protein derivative with minimally invasive surgical approach in intra-bony periodontal defects: Clinical an patientcentered outcomes (2010) Braz Dent J, 21, pp. 60-67Curtis Jr., J.W., McLain, J.B., Hutchinson, R.A., The incidence of complications and pain following periodontal surgery (1985) J Periodontol, 56, pp. 597-601Zelenakas, K., Fricke Jr., J.R., Jayawardene, S., Kellstein, D., Analgesic efficacy of single oral doses of lumiracoxib and ibuprofen in patients with postoperative dental pain (2004) Int J Clin Pract, 58, pp. 251-256Macdonald, T.M., Richard, D., Lheritier, K., Krammer, G., The effects of lumiracoxib 100 mg once daily vs. ibuprofen 600 mg three times daily on the blood pressure profiles of hypertensive osteoarthritis patients taking different classes of antihypertensive agents (2010) Int J Clin Pract, 64, pp. 746-75

Histomorphometric Evaluation Of A Threaded, Sandblasted, Acid-etched Implant Retrieved From A Human Lower Jaw: A Case Report

The purpose of this study was to histomorphometrically evaluate the bone-to-implant contact and bone area around a titanium implant retrieved from a human lower jaw. A screw-shaped titanium implant (sandblasted and acid-etched surface) was removed from a 68-year-old male after having been in function for 40 months because of a fracture of the abutment screw. Following the implant removal, an undecalcified section was obtained. The histomorphometric analysis showed a rate of 75.40% of bone-to-implant contact and 89.30% of bone area filling within the limits of the implant threads. The surrounding bone healed in a well-organized pattern and could not be differentiated from the anginal alveolus. The histologic evidence showed a high degree of osseointegration in a threaded, sandblasted, and acid-etched implant retrieved from a human lower jaw after functional loading for 40 months. Copyright © 2005 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.143289293Brånemark, P.I., Adell, R., Breine, U., Intra-osseous anchorage of dental prosthesis I. Experimental studies (1969) Scand J Plast Reconsrt Surg, 3, pp. 81-100Rezende, M.L.R., Johansson, C.B., Quantitative bony tissue responses to commercially pure titanium (1993) J Mat Sci Mat Med, 4, pp. 233-239Cordioli, G., Majzoub, Z., Piattelli, A., Removal torque and histomorphometric investigation of 4 different surfaces: An experimental study in the rabbit tibia (2000) Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 15, pp. 668-674Sakakura, C.E., Margonar, R., Holzhausen, M., Influence of cyclosporin a therapy on bone healing around titanium implants. A histometric and biomechanic study in rabbits (2003) J Periodontol, 74, pp. 974-979Hayakawa, T., Kiba, H., Yasuda, S., A histologic and histomorphometric evaluation of two types of retrieved human titanium implants (2002) Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent, 22, pp. 164-171Degidi, M., Petrone, G., Iezzi, G., Bone contact around acid-etched implants: A histological and histomorphometrial evaluation of two human-retrieved implants (2003) J Oral Implantol, 29, pp. 13-18Brunel, G., Armand, S., Miller, N., Histologic analysis of fractured implant: A case report (2000) Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent, 20, pp. 521-526Testori, T., Monocler, S.S., Francetti, L., Healing of Osseotite implants under submerged and immediate loading conditions in a single patient: A case report and interface analysis after 2 months (2002) Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent, 22, pp. 345-353Degidi, M., Petrone, G., Iezzi, G., Histologic evaluation of a human immediately loaded titanium implant with a porous anodized surface (2002) Clin Implant Dent Relat Res, 4, pp. 110-114Piattelli, A., Degidi, M., Marchetti, C., Histologic analysis of the interface of titanium implant retrieved from a nonvascularized mandibular block graft after a 10-month loading period (1997) Int J Maxillofac Implants, 12, pp. 840-843Margonar, R., Sakakura, C.E., Holzhausen, M., The influence of diabetes mellitus and insulin therapy on biomechanical retention around dental implants: A biomechanical study in rabbits (2003) Implant Dent, 12, pp. 333-339Nociti Jr., F.H., Cesar, N.J., Carvalho, M.D., Bone density around titanium implants may be influenced by intermittent cigarette smoke inhalation: A histometric study in rats (2002) Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 17, pp. 347-352Buser, D., Schenk, R.K., Steinemann, S., Influence of surface characteristics on bone integration of titanium implants: A histometric study in miniature pigs (1991) J Biomed Mater Res, 25, pp. 889-902Marinho, V.C., Celletti, R., Bracchetti, G., Sandblasted and acid etched dental implants: A histologic study in rats (2003) Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 18, pp. 75-81Balshi, T.J., Wolfinger, G.J., Two-implant-supported single molar replacement: Interdental space requirements and comparison to alternative options (1997) Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent, 17, pp. 427-435Donath, K., Breuner, G., A method for study of undecalcified bones and teeth with attached soft tissue. The sage-Scliff (sawing and grinding) technique (1982) J Oral Pathol, 11, pp. 318-326Den Braber, E.T., De Ruijter, J.E., Smits, H.T.J., Effect of parallel surface microgrooves and surface energy on cell growth (1995) J Biomed Mater Res, 29, pp. 511-518Mustafa, K., Wennerberg, A., Wroblewski, J., Determining optimal surface roughness of TiO(2) blasted titanium implant material for attachment, proliferation and differentiation of cells derived from human mandibular alveolar bone (2001) Clin Oral Implants Res, 12, pp. 515-525Schwartz, Z., Lohmann, C.H., Oefinger, J., Implant surface characteristics modulate differentiation behavior of cells in the osteoblastic lineage (1999) Adv Dent Res, 13, pp. 38-48Rezende, M.L.R., Moraes, J.N.D., Almeida Jr., F.P., Rate of success of osseointegrated implants in the rehabilitation of cleft patients (2003) Annals of 18th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Osseointegration, 1, p. 83. , Boston: 2003 Annual Meeting Committe

Cigarette smoke inhalation modulates gene expression in sites of bone healing: a study in rats

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of cigarette smoke inhalation (CSI) on gene expression in alveolar bone healing sites. Study design: Wistar rats were randomly assigned to the groups: control [animals not exposed to CSI (n = 20)] and test [animals exposed to CSI, starting 3 days before teeth extraction and maintained until killing them (n = 20)]. First mandibular molars were bilaterally extracted, and the expression of alkaline phosphatase, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 2 and 7, receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand, osteoprotegerin, and d2 isoform of vacuolar adenosine triphosphatase V0 domain were assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in the newly formed tissue in the sockets. Results: Overall, data analysis demonstrated that CSI significantly affected the expression pattern of all of the studied genes except BMP-7. Conclusion: The expression of key genes for bone healing may be affected by CSI in tooth extraction sites.110444745

Evaluation Of Guided Bone Regeneration And/or Bone Grafts In The Treatment Of Ligature-induced Peri-implantitis Defects: A Morphometric Study In Dogs.

The goal of this study was to evaluate, morphometrically, hard-tissue healing following the treatment of ligature-induced peri-implantitis defects in dogs and guided bone regeneration and/or bone grafts. Five dogs were used, and the mandibular premolars were removed. Three months later, two titanium implants were installed on each side of the mandible, and after another 3 months, abutment connection was performed. Following abutment connection, experimental periimplantitis was induced by placing cotton ligatures in a submarginal position. Ligatures and abutments were removed after 1 month and the bony defects were randomly assigned to one of the following treatments: debridement (DE), debridement plus guided bone regeneration (GBR), debridement plus mineralized bone graft (BG), and debridement plus guided bone regeneration associated with mineralized bone graft (GBR/BG). The dogs were euthanatized after 5 months. Morphometric analysis did not reveal significant differences among the treatments neither with respect to the percentage of bone to implant contact (p = 0.996) nor to the bone area (p = 0.946) within the limits of the threads of the implant. Within the limits of this investigation, there is insufficient evidence to indicate that any of the treatments presented an improved response in dealing with bony defects resulting from peri-implantitis.26424424

Salivary Carriage Of Periodontal Pathogens In Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis Families

Background: Generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP) is a multifactorial disease that shows a specific microbial profile and a familial aggregation. Aim: This study evaluated the salivary microbial profile of families with a history of GAP and compared them with healthy families. Design: Fifteen families with parents presenting periodontal health and 15 with parents with a history of GAP were selected. Each family had a child aged 6-12 years. Stimulated saliva was collected from all subjects, and Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Tannerella forsythia (Tf), and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) amounts were determined. Results: Children of GAP families showed higher detection of Aa (90%) than children of healthy families (45%) (P 0.05). Tf amounts did not differ either in parents or in children (P > 0.05) The infection risk calculation indicates that children who have one parent who is positive for Aa have 16.3 times (95% CI 3.1-87.2) more risk of being infected with Aa (P < 0.05) than children from an Aa-negative family. Conclusion: It may be concluded that children of parents with aggressive periodontitis have higher levels and higher risk of Aa infection. © 2013 BSPD, and IAPD John Wiley & Sons A/S.242113121Tonetti, M.S., Mombelli, A., Early-onset periodontitis (1999) Ann Periodontol, 4, pp. 39-53Albandar, J.M., Tinoco, E.M., Global epidemiology of periodontal diseases in children and young persons (2002) Periodontol 2000, 29, pp. 153-176Susin, C., Albandar, J.M., Aggressive periodontitis in an urban population in southern Brazil (2005) J Periodontol, 76, pp. 468-475Nibali, L., Donos, N., Brett, P.M., A familial analysis of aggressive periodontitis - clinical and genetic findings (2008) J Periodontal Res, 43, pp. 627-634Meng, H., Ren, X., Tian, Y., Genetic study of families affected with aggressive periodontitis (2011) Periodontol 2000, 56, pp. 87-101Cortelli, J.R., Cortelli, S.C., Jordan, S., Haraszthy, V.I., Zambon, J.J., Prevalence of periodontal pathogens in Brazilians with aggressive or chronic periodontitis (2005) J Clin Periodontol, 32, pp. 860-866Haubek, D., Ennibi, O.K., Poulsen, K., Benzarti, N., Baelum, V., The highly leukotoxic JP2 clone of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and progression of periodontal attachment loss (2004) J Dent Res, 83, pp. 767-770. , (Epub ahead of print)Casarin, R.C., Ribeiro Edel, P., Mariano, F.S., Nociti Jr., F.H., Casati, M.Z., Gonçalves, R.B., Levels of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, inflammatory cytokines and species-specific immunoglobulin G in generalized aggressive and chronic periodontitis (2010) J Periodontal Res, 45, pp. 635-642Åberg, C.H., Kwamin, F., Claesson, R., Johansson, A., Haubek, D., Presence of JP2 and Non-JP2 Genotypes of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and attachment loss in adolescents in Ghana (2012) J Periodontol, 83, pp. 1520-1528Van Winkelhoff, A.J., Boutaga, K., Transmission of periodontal bacteria and models of infection (2005) J Clin Periodontol, 32, pp. 16-27Rosa, O.P., da Silva, S.M., Costa, B., Torres, S.A., Passanezi, E., Periodontopathogens in the saliva and subgingival dental plaque of a group of mothers (2002) Pesqui Odontol Bras, 16, pp. 313-318Saito, D., Leonardo, R.T., Rodrigues, J.L., Tsai, S.M., Hofling, J.F., Goncalves, R.B., Identification of bacteria in endodontic infections by sequence analysis of 16S rDNA clone libraries (2006) J Med Microbiol, 55, pp. 101-107Doležel, J., Bartoš, J., Voglmayr, H., Greilhuber, J., Nuclear DNA content and genome size of trout and human (2003) Cytometry, 51, pp. 127-128Armitage, G.C., Development of a classification system for periodontal diseases and conditions (1999) Ann Periodontol, 4, pp. 1-6Armitage, G.C., Periodontal diagnoses and classification of periodontal diseases (2004) Periodontol 2000, 34, pp. 9-21Gajardo, M., Silva, N., Gómez, L., Prevalence of periodontopathic bacteria in aggressive periodontitis patients in a Chilean population (2005) J Periodontol, 76, pp. 289-294Rescala, B., Rosalem Jr., W., Teles, R.P., Immunologic and microbiologic profiles of chronic and aggressive periodontitis subjects (2010) J Periodontol, 81, pp. 1308-1316Mombelli, A., Schmid, B., Rutar, A., Lang, N.P., Persistence patterns of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens, and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans after mechanical therapy of periodontal disease (2000) J Periodontol, 71, pp. 14-21Kleinfelder, J.W., Müller, R.F., Lange, D.E., Intraoral persistence of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in periodontally healthy subjects following treatment of diseased family members (1999) J Clin Periodontol, 26, pp. 583-589Asikainen, S., Chen, C., Alaluusua, S., Slots, J., Can one acquire periodontal bacteria and periodontitis from a family member? (1997) J Am Dent Assoc, 128, pp. 1263-1271Petit, M.D., van Steenbergen, T.J., Scholte, L.M., van der Velden, U., de Graaff, J., Epidemiology and transmission of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans among children and their family members. A report of 4 surveys (1993) J Clin Periodontol, 20, pp. 641-650von Troil-Lindén, B., Saarela, M., Mättö, J., Alaluusua, S., Jousimies-Somer, H., Asikainen, S., Source of suspected periodontal pathogens re-emerging after periodontal treatment (1996) J Clin Periodontol, 23, pp. 601-607van Winkelhoff, A.J., van der Velden, U., de Graaff, J., Microbial succession in recolonizing deep periodontal pockets after a single course of supra- and subgingival debridement (1988) J Clin Periodontol, 15, pp. 116-122Asikainen, S., Alaluusua, S., Saxén, L., Recovery of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans from teeth, tongue, and saliva (1991) J Periodontol, 62, pp. 203-206Gunsolley, J.C., Ranney, R.R., Zambon, J.J., Burmeister, J.A., Schenkein, H.A., Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in families afflicted with periodontitis (1990) J Periodontol, 61, pp. 643-648Van der Velden, U., Periodontal susceptibility (1993) Ned Tijdschr Tandheelkd, 100, pp. 36-37Tuite-McDonnell, M., Griffen, A.L., Moeschberger, M.L., Dalton, R.E., Fuerst, P.A., Leys, E.J., Concordance of Porphyromonas gingivalis colonization in families (1997) J Clin Microbiol, 35, pp. 455-461Haubek, D., Ismaili, Z., Poulsen, S., Ennibi, O.K., Benzarti, N., Baelum, V., Association between sharing of toothbrushes, eating and drinking habits and the presence of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in Moroccan adolescents (2005) Oral Microbiol Immunol, 20, pp. 195-198Rotimi, V.O., Salako, N.O., Divia, M., Asfour, L., Kononen, E., Prevalence of periodontal bacteria in saliva of Kuwaiti children at different age groups (2010) J Infect Public Health, 3, pp. 76-82Tamura, K., Nakano, K., Hayashibara, T., Distribution of 10 periodontal bacteria in saliva samples from Japanese children and their mothers (2006) Arch Oral Biol, 51, pp. 371-377Cortelli, J.R., Aquino, D.R., Cortelli, S.C., Etiological analysis of initial colonization of periodontal pathogens in oral cavity (2008) J Clin Microbiol, 46, pp. 1322-1329Mayanagi, G., Sato, T., Shimauchi, H., Takahashi, N., Detection requency of periodontitis-associated bacteria by polymerase chain reaction in subgingival andsupragingival plaque of periodontitis and healthy subjects (2004) Oral Microbiol Immunol, 19, pp. 379-385Riep, B., Edesi-Neuss, L., Claessen, F., Are putative periodontal pathogens reliable diagnostic markers? (2009) J Clin Microbiol, 47, pp. 1705-1711Tan, K.S., Song, K.P., Ong, G., Bacteroides forsythus prtH genotype in periodontitis patients: occurrence and association with 384 Mayanagi periodontal disease (2001) J Periodontal Res, 36, pp. 398-403Könönen, E., Paju, S., Pussinen, P.J., Population-based study of salivary carriage of periodontal pathogens in adults (2007) J Clin Microbiol, 45, pp. 2446-2451Saygun, I., Nizam, N., Keskiner, I., Salivary infectious agents and periodontal disease status (2011) J Periodontal Res, 46, pp. 235-239Haubek, D., Ennibi, O.K., Vaeth, M., Poulsen, S., Poulsen, K., Stability of the JP2 clone of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (2009) J Dent Res, 88, pp. 856-86

Alendronate Therapy May Be Effective In The Prevention Of Bone Loss Around Titanium Implants Inserted In Estrogen-deficient Rats

Background: This study evaluated whether alendronate (ALD) influences bone healing around titanium implants inserted in ovariectomized rats and whether it provides a residual effect after its withdrawal. Methods: Bilateral ovariectomies were performed in 87 Wistar rats and one screw-shaped titanium implant was placed in the tibiae. The animals were divided into the following groups: group SHAM (N = 15): sham surgeries; group OVX (N = 15): ovariectomy; group AT (N = 15): OVX plus alendronate administration for 80 days; group AW (N = 14): OVX plus alendronate administration for 40 days; group ET (N = 14): OVX plus 17β estradiol administration for 80 days; or group EW (N = 14): OVX plus 17β estradiol administration for 40 days. Bone-to-implant contact (BIC), bone area (BA) within the limits of implant threads, and bone density in a 500 μm-wide zone lateral to the implant (BD) were obtained and measured for the cortical (zone A) and cancellous (zone B) regions. Results: In zone A, data analysis showed no significant differences among the groups regarding BIC and BD (P >0.05), and a slight beneficial effect of estradiol on BA when compared with the OVX, EW, and AW groups (P <0.05). In zone B, OVX negatively impacted bone healing around the implants, resulting in reduced BA and BD (P<0.05). ALD (continuous/interrupted) and estradiol (only continuous) positively affected BIC, BA, and BD, resulting in values at the same level as the control group (SHAM). Conclusions: ALD may prevent the negative influence of estrogen deficiency on bone healing around titanium implants inserted in OVX rats. This positive effect, in contrast to estradiol, is sustained following its withdrawal.761107114Brånemark, P.I., Osseointegration and its experimental background (1983) J. Prosthet. Dent., 50, pp. 390-410Zarb, G.A., Schmitt, A., The longitudinal clinical effectiveness of osseointegrated dental implants: The Toronto study. Part II: The prosthetic results (1990) J. Prosthet. Dent., 64, pp. 53-61Puleo, D.A., Nanci, A., Understanding and controlling the bone-implants interface (1999) Biomaterials, 20, pp. 2311-2321Harrison, J.E., Osteoporosis (1989) Metabolic Bone Diseases: Cellular and Tissue Mechanisms, pp. 240-267. , Tam CS, Heersche JNM, Murray TM, eds. Boca Raton, FL: CRC PressDao, T.T.T., Anderson, J.D., Zarb, G.A., Is osteoporosis a risk factor for osseointegration of dental implants? (1993) Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants, 8, pp. 137-144Yamazaki, M., Shirota, T., Tokugawa, Y., Bone reactions to titanium screw implants in ovariectomized animals (1999) Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol., 87, pp. 411-418Pan, J., Shirota, T., Ohno, K., Mich, K., Effect of ovariectomy on bone remodeling adjacent to hydroxyapatite-coated implants in the tibia of mature rats (2000) J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg., 58, pp. 877-882Duarte, P.M., César-Neto, J.B., Gonçalves, P.F., Sallum, E.A., Nociti Jr., F.H., Estrogen deficiency affects bone healing around titanium implants. A histometric study in rats (2003) Implant Dent., 12, pp. 340-345Nociti Jr., F.H., Sallum, A.W., Sallum, E.A., Duarte, P.M., Effect of estrogen replacement and calcitonin therapies on bone around titanium implants placed in ovariectomized rats: A histometric study (2002) Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants, 17, pp. 786-792Duarte, P.M., Cesar-Neto, J.B., Sallum, A.W., Sallum, E.A., Nociti Jr., F.H., Effect of estrogen and calcitonin therapies on bone density in a lateral area adjacent to implants placed in the tibiae of ovariectomized rats (2003) J. 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