CRITICAL COMPRESSIVE STRAIN OF LINEPIPES RELATED TO WORKHARDENING PARAMETERS

ABSTRACT An approximate solution to predict a critical compressive strain at the peak load (the peak load strain hereinafter) of linepipes subjected to axial compression is proposed in this paper. The approximate solution is derived from the deformation theory applying the stress-strain relationship with nonlinear hardening properties, which have not been taken into account in a number of current equations applied for pipeline design. The approximate solution proposed in this paper is a closed form equation, which is useful and effective for the practical application. The parameters in the Ramberg-Osgood representation expressing workhardenability of the linepipes are successfully introduced for the approximate solution. The effec-tiveness and accuracy of the approximate solution are verified comparing the critical compressive strains of several API 5L grade linepipes obtained by finite element analyses

作業療法学生における臨床実習での学びの過程と省察 : テキストマイニングによる分析から

研究論文Original Articles　臨床実習における学びのプロセスを，探索的に明らかにすることを目的に，実習後に行われた振り返りの記述の分析を行った．　その結果，学生は自己内省が行えるようになり，基本的知識の習得だけでなく，エビデンスを求める思考，問題解決のために分析する思考が必要であると考えられるようになっていることが確認できた．この思考は，Dreyfus model では，熟練者レベルの思考である．初心者のレベルである学生が，熟練者レベルの思考に気付くことが出来たことは教員が振り返りシートの作成に関わっていることも要因であると考えられた．　また，コミュニケーションに課題を感じている学生は，物事の優先順位を付けた行動化も同様に課題と考えていることが分かった．優先順位を付けた行動化は，実習中に学ぶことが難しく，臨床実習前からの学内での指導が重要であることも示唆された．　For the purpose of exploratively identifying the process of learning in clinical practicum, written reflections from post-fieldwork students were analyzed.　The results confirmed that students became able to self-reflect, and became able to recognize the necessity of not only basic knowledge acquisition but also the type of thinking that seeks evidence as well as analytical thinking for problem solving. These kinds of thinking are considered as expert level in the Dreyfus model. Educators’ involvement in development of reflection sheets may have partly contributed to the fact that the students, who were at novice level, became able to recognize thinking at expert level.　Additionally, it was found that those students, who feel communication is a challenging task, considered doing things in order of priority is also challenging. As it is difficult to learn to act in order of priority during clinical practicum, it was also suggested that on-campus instruction prior to commencing the practicum is important

作業に焦点を当てた理論を用いた学内演習の影響について : 学生の学習度・満足度・遂行度の視点から

研究論文Original Articles　本研究では，脳血管障害による片麻痺を有する当事者が参加し，作業に焦点を当てた理論を基盤とする学内演習が，学生の学習度と演習への満足度，遂行度にどのような影響があったのかを明らかにすることを目的に行った．その結果，演習終了後の学習度では， 16 項目中14 項目で向上が見られた．また演習終了後の満足度の理由では【作業療法に関する知識，経験，意欲の向上】，【実習前に当事者に実践的なことが行える】，【演習についての要望】，遂行度の理由では【演習を行うことで得られた主体性と達成感】，【演習から得られた気づきと課題】，【グループメンバー内の関係と時間のコントロール】の各々3 つにカテゴリー化された．作業に焦点を当てた理論を基盤とする学内演習を行うことで学習度の向上や作業療法への意欲が高まることが示唆された．　In this study, exercises based on an occupational therapy intervention process model, which is a top-down model focusing on occupation, were performed in students with disabilities. We examined the influences of these exercises on the degrees of learning, satisfaction, and accomplishment among the students.　On comparing the students’ degrees of learning before and after the exercises, we noted improvements in 14 of 16 items. Additionally, with regard to reasons for satisfaction after the exercise, the categories included “Improvement in knowledge, experience, and motivation with occupational therapy,” “Practical achievements before clinical practice,” and “Requests for exercises.” Moreover, with regard to reasons for accomplishment, the categories included “Individuality and accomplishment achieved through exercise,” “Awareness and tasks achieved from exercise,” and “Relationships within group members and time management.”　According to the theory focusing on occupation, it was suggested that exercises targeting individuals with disabilities can improve learning and motivation for occupational therapy

Human haematopoietic stem cell development: From the embryo to the dish:From the embryo to the dish

Publisher Copyright: © 2017. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) emerge during embryogenesis and give rise to the adult haematopoietic system. Understanding how early haematopoietic development occurs is of fundamental importance for basic biology and medical sciences, but our knowledge is still limited compared with what we know of adult HSCs and their microenvironment. This is particularly true for human haematopoiesis, and is reflected in our current inability to recapitulate the development of HSCs from pluripotent stem cells in vitro. In this Review, we discuss what is known of human haematopoietic development: the anatomical sites at which it occurs, the different temporal waves of haematopoiesis, the emergence of the first HSCs and the signalling landscape of the haematopoietic niche. We also discuss the extent to which in vitro differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells recapitulates bona fide human developmental haematopoiesis, and outline some future directions in the field.publishersversionPeer reviewe

IPC2008-64526 COMPRESSIVE STRAIN LIMITS OF HIGH-STRENGTH LINEPIPES

ABSTRACT Regression formulas are developed in order to predict the critical compressive strain of X80 linepipes subjected to pure bending. The regression formulas were derived using an analytical solution and two conversion functions. The analytical solution was previously proposed to calculate the critical compressive strain of a pipe subjected to axial compression, where hardening properties are taken into account. The original analytical solution was rewritten to include a strain-hardening exponent. Two conversion functions are defined to connect two critical compressive strains of a pipe under different loading conditions. One is a pressure-effect conversion function which connects two critical compressive strains of a pipe without and with internal pressure, respectively. The other is a compressionbending conversion function which also connects two critical compressive strains of a pressurized pipe which is subjected to compression and bending. The regression formulas were obtained using the improved analytical solution and the two conversion functions. The regression formulas yield good agreement with FEA results especially for high-strain linepipes

Seismic Design Guidelines to Mitigate Upheaval Buckling of Small Diameter Pipes

This paper describes The Draft Seismic Design Guidelines to Mitigate Upheaval Buckling of Small Diameter Pipes which were reported by Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry in 2011. Upheaval buckling of small diameter gas pipes occurred in a high-pressure gas pipeline and three middle-pressure city lines due to the strong ground motion during the 2007 Niigata Chuetsu Offshore earthquake which was a powerful earthquake with moment magnitude of 6.6. A three year research program had been conducted since 2008 to investigate the upheaval buckling behaviors and develop seismic design guidelines to ensure seismic integrity of small diameter high-pressure gas pipelines and middle-pressure main distribution lines.Copyright © 2012 by ASM

Screening for improved activity of a transglutaminase from Streptomyces mobaraensis created by a novel rational mutagenesis and random mutagenesis

Microbial transglutaminase (MTG) has been used extensively in academic research and the food industries through its cross-linking or posttranslational modification of proteins. To improve MTGT, a novel method of rational mutagenesis, called WASH-ROM (Water Accessible Surface Hot-space Region Oriented Mutagenesis), was first attempted. Based on the three-dimensional structure of MTG, 151 point mutations were selected at 40 different residues bearing high solvent accessibility surface area, within a 15 Å of the active center site nucleophile, Cys64. Among them, 32 mutants showed higher specific activity than the wild type enzyme. We found that beneficial mutations are distributed in two regions and with distinctive amino acid substitutions. Next, random mutagenesis was applied to the entire MTG region by developing a new plate assay-based screening system, using Corynebacterium glutamicum as the secretion host strain. This in vivo screening system allowed us to readily distinguish the change in enzymatic activity upon mutation by monitoring the intensity of enzymatic reaction-derived color zones which appeared around the recombinant cell colonies on the plate. From the library of 24,000 clones, 10 mutants were finally selected as beneficial enzymes exhibiting higher specific activity than wild type. Notably, most of the mutations differed from those obtained by WASH-ROM, except for H289Y. Beneficial mutations were distributed in two other regions as well. Furthermore, we found that the FRAP-S199A mutant (FRAP: N-terminal four amino acid residues extension) showed the highest specific activity (45 U/mg: 1.7 times higher than the wild type enzyme). Through these different mutation approaches, various beneficial positions leading to increased specific activity of MTG were surveyed