小学生の学業成績への一般統制感の影響

本研究の目的は,一般的統制感の学業成績への影響を検討することであった。小学4年生から6年生までの270名の1学期の学業成績,知能偏差値及び子ども用一般主観的統制感尺度(GPCCS)得点が分析された。分析の結果は以下のことを示していた。(1)GPCCS得点は学業成績にポジティブな影響を与えていた。(2)アンダー・アチバーの子どものGPCCS得点は,オーバー・アチーバーの子どものGPCCS得点より有意に低い値を示していた。これらの結果は,一般統制感が学業成績に影響を与える重要な要因の一つであることを示している。The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of general perceived control on academic achievements. Acedemic records in first term, IQSS, the score of general perceived control for Children scale(GPCCS), and so on, with 295 Japanese elementary school children in 4th to 6th grade were analyzed. The results indicated that (1) general perceived control positevely effected on academic achievements, (2)the score of GPCCS with under-achiever group was lower than with over-achiever group. The difference with GPCCS score for both group was significcant. These evidences indicated that general perceived control would be one of the imoortant factor to effect on academic achievements

楽観主義に関する研究 : 女子青年の自己概念・時間的信念との関係から

The purpose of the present study was to clarify the features of optimism. To accomplish this aim, we investigated the relationships between optimism and other three variables which were self-concepts, time beliefs and commitment to preset. A questionnaire of the Japanese version of Life Orientation Test (LOT : Togasaki & Sakano, 1985), the self-concept scale (Kato & Takagi, 1980), the Time Beliefs Scale (Shirai, 1993) and commitment to present that was subscale of Ego-identity Status Scale (Kato, 1983) was administered to 369 women who were university and vocationalschool for nurse. The main results were as follows : (a) Optimism had significantand positive relation with self-concept (activeness and cheerfulness-friendliness) ; (b) It had significcant but small relation with time beliefs (attachment to the presentand delay of gratification) ; (c) It had singnificant and positeive relation withcommitment to present. These results suggested that optimism had self-reliance as background factor

中学生の自己意識特性の構造(人文・社会科学篇)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the structure of self-consciousness in junior high school students. 305 junior high school students completed 60 items that were concerned with self-consciousnenss, social anxiety, loneliness, and time perspective for themselves. Factor analysis of 21 items revealed that self-consciousness has such four dimensions as coping self-consciousness, reflective self-consciosness, behavioral style self-consciousness and appearance self-consciousness. The relationship among these four factors and other variables were examined. The results suggested that the structure of self-consciousness in junior high school students consisted of four factors were more fit in comparision with two factors that were public self-consciousness and private self-consciosness

Mitochondrial LETM1 drives ionic and molecular clock rhythms in circadian pacemaker neurons

The mechanisms that generate robust ionic oscillation in circadian pacemaker neurons are under investigation. Here, we demonstrate critical functions of the mitochondrial cation antiporter leucine zipper- EF-hand-containing transmembrane protein 1 (LETM1), which exchanges K+/H+ in Drosophila and Ca2+/H+ in mammals, in circadian pacemaker neurons. Letm1 knockdown in Drosophila pacemaker neurons reduced circadian cytosolic H+ rhythms and prolonged nuclear PERIOD/TIMELESS expression rhythms and locomotor activity rhythms. In rat pacemaker neurons in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), circadian rhythms in cytosolic Ca2+ and Bmal1 transcription were dampened by Letm1 knockdown. Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake peaks late during the day were also observed in rat SCN neurons following photolytic elevation of cytosolic Ca2+. Since cation transport by LETM1 is coupled to mitochondrial energy synthesis, we propose that LETM1 integrates metabolic, ionic, and molecular clock rhythms in the central clock system in both invertebrates and vertebrates

Real-world effectiveness and safety analysis of carfilzomib-lenalidomide-dexamethasone and carfilzomib-dexamethasone in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: a multicenter retrospective analysis

Background: Little is known about the real-world survival benefits and safety profiles of carfilzomib-lenalidomide-dexamethasone (KRd) and carfilzomib-dexamethasone (Kd). Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis to evaluate their efficacy and safety in 157 patients registered in the Kansai Myeloma Forum database. Results: A total of 107 patients received KRd. Before KRd, 99% of patients had received bortezomib (54% were refractory disease), and 82% had received lenalidomide (57% were refractory disease). The overall response rate (ORR) was 68.2%. The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 8.8 and 29.3 months, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that reduction of the carfilzomib dose and non-IgG M protein were significantly associated with lower PFS and reduction of the carfilzomib dose and refractoriness to prior bortezomib-based regimens were significantly associated with lower OS. A total of 50 patients received Kd. Before Kd, 96% of patients had received bortezomib (54% were refractory disease). The ORR was 62.0%. The median PFS and OS were 7.1 and 20.9 months, respectively. Based on the multivariate analysis, reduction of the carfilzomib dose and International Staging System Stage III (ISS III) were significantly associated with lower PFS. Grade III or higher adverse events were observed in 48% of KRd cases and 54% of Kd cases. Cardiovascular events, cytopenia, and infections were frequent, and 4 KRd patients died due to heart failure, arrhythmia, cerebral hemorrhage, and pneumonia. Conclusion: Our analysis showed that an adequate dose of carfilzomib is important for achieving the best survival benefits in a real-world setting. Adverse effects after KRd and Kd therapy should also be considered

Monocyte or white blood cell counts and β₂ microglobulin predict the durable efficacy of daratumumab with lenalidomide

BACKGROUND: Daratumumab is one of the most widely used treatments for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (MM) patients. However, not all patients achieve a lasting therapeutic response with daratumumab. OBJECTIVES: We hypothesized that a durable response to daratumumab could be predicted by the balance between the MM tumor burden and host immune status. DESIGN: We conducted a retrospective study using the real-world data in the Kansai Myeloma Forum (KMF) database. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 324 relapsed/refractory MM patients who were treated with daratumumab in the KMF database. RESULTS: In this study, 196 patients were treated with daratumumab, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone (DLd) regimen and 128 patients were treated with daratumumab, bortezomib, and dexamethasone (DBd) regimen. The median age at treatment, number of prior treatment regimens and time-to-next-treatment (TTNT) were 68, 4 and 8.02 months, respectively. A multivariate analysis showed that the TTNT under the DLd regimen was longer with either higher monocyte counts (analysis 1), higher white blood cell (WBC) counts (analysis 2), lower β2 microglobulin (B2MG < 5.5 mg/L) or fewer prior regimens (<4). No parameters were correlated with TTNT under the DBd regimen. CONCLUSION: We propose a simple scoring model to predict a durable effect of the DLd regimen by classifying patients into three categories based on either monocyte counts (0 points for ⩾200/μl; 1 point for <200/μl) or WBC counts (0 points for ⩾3500/μl; 1 point for <3500/μl) plus B2MG (0 points for <5.5 mg/L; 1 point for ⩾5.5 mg/L). Patients with a score of 0 showed significantly longer TTNT and significantly better survival compared to those with a score of 1 or 2 (both p < 0.001). To confirm this concept, our results will need to be validated in other cohorts

Decreased circulating branched-chain amino acids are associated with development of Alzheimer’s disease in elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment

BackgroundNutritional epidemiology has shown that inadequate dietary protein intake is associated with poor brain function in the elderly population. The plasma free amino acid (PFAA) profile reflects nutritional status and may have the potential to predict future changes in cognitive function. Here, we report the results of a 2-year interim analysis of a 3-year longitudinal study following mild cognitive impairment (MCI) participants.MethodIn a multicenter prospective cohort design, MCI participants were recruited, and fasting plasma samples were collected. Based on clinical assessment of cognitive function up to 2 years after blood collection, MCI participants were divided into two groups: remained with MCI or reverted to cognitively normal (“MCI-stable,” N = 87) and converted to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) (“AD-convert,” N = 68). The baseline PFAA profile was compared between the two groups. Stratified analysis based on apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE ε4) allele possession was also conducted.ResultsPlasma concentrations of all nine essential amino acids (EAAs) were lower in the AD-convert group. Among EAAs, three branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), valine, leucine and isoleucine, and histidine (His) exhibited significant differences even in the logistic regression model adjusted for potential confounding factors such as age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and APOE ε4 possession (p &lt; 0.05). In the stratified analysis, differences in plasma concentrations of these four EAAs were more pronounced in the APOE ε4-negative group.ConclusionThe PFAA profile, especially decreases in BCAAs and His, is associated with development of AD in MCI participants, and the difference was larger in the APOE ε4-negative population, suggesting that the PFAA profile is an independent risk indicator for AD development. Measuring the PFAA profile may have importance in assessing the risk of AD conversion in the MCI population, possibly reflecting nutritional status.Clinical trial registration[https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000025322], identifier [UMIN000021965]