Failure Analysis of The Copper Tubes for A Water Heater

The objective of this project is to do failure analysis on the copper tubes for hot water piping system at Resak central processing platform (RCPP).The scope of the study focused on the microstructure analysis of the copper tube. The function of this piping system is to transfer the hot water from water heater (WH 101 and WH 102) to the LQ (living quarters). The use of this hot water is for bathing because the cold condition in the LQ. So, every personnel on platform have choice whether they need cold water or hot water for bathing. Both of these water heaters are operating at 300 kPa @ 700C (44 psi @ 1500F). The Failure Analysis Processes in this project involved microscopic examination, microscopic examination, sample preparation for metallographic and report writing. The methodology apply involved the metallography which covered the preparation of the specimen to reveal the microstructure of the sample. This microstructure is examined under Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive spectroscopy of X-rays (EDS) facility. Further analysis is done based on the data gathered through this experimental work. Final conclusion regarding the cause of the failure occurred is done using the analysis of the result from the experimental work. In addition, at the end of this study some recommendations are proposed in order to prevent this failure from occur again

Analisis Hidraulika Banjir Tukad Badung

There is densely populated residence along Tukad Badung reach resulting in the misuse of stream for waste disposal outlet. This condition causes the stream becoming the disposal place of waste, household sewage, and industrial waste. Also, there is erosion and sliding of river bank in the upstream. This condition also causes river reaches to shallow due to sedimentation resulting in the decrease of stream capacity to carry off the flood discharge. During recent years, Tukad Badung has been degraded in its function due to various factors occurring from the upstream to downstream resulting in the stream incapable to carry off the flood discharge optimally. The change of land use occurred in the watershed causes the change in stream flow pattern that can be seen from the high discharge fluctuation during rainy and dry seasons. The objective of this study is to observe 50 year return period flood water surface profile and to determine the flood control alternatives. Hydrology and hydraulic analyses are carried out in the study. Hydraulic modeling of the river system is accomplished using the Hydrologic Engineering Center-River Analysis System (HECRAS) software of version 3.1.2. The stream is assumed to be a single reach using the upstream boundary at AWLR Wangaya and downstream boundary at Nusa Dua estuary dam. The geometric input is conducted for the existing, normalization, and dikes conditions, whereas the flow hydrograph and rating curve are using for upstream boundary and the downstream boundary respectively. Based on the result of hydraulic analysis, the overtopping is occurred at 27 River Stations at the left bank and 23 River Stations at the right bank. The flood controlling by normalization is capable of decreasing flood water surface with the non existence of overtopping both at the left and right banks. The flood controlling by dike is also capable of retaining the flood discharge without the overtopping at the left and right banks. That can be concluded, by normalization or by dike the Tukad Badung is capable of carrying off the 50 year return period flood discharge. Calculation results shows the flood controlling by dike requires cost of Rp 1.118.376.638,35,- and by normalization requires cost of Rp. 1.316.571.000,00,-

Upwind impacts of ammonia from an intensive poultry unit

This study investigated potential ammonia impacts on a sand dune nature reserve 600 m upwind of an intensive poultry unit. Ammonia concentrations and total nitrogen deposition were measured over a calendar year. A series of ammonia and nitrogen exposure experiments using dune grassland species were conducted in controlled manipulations and in the field. Ammonia emissions from the intensive poultry unit were detected up to 2.8 km upwind, contributing to exceedance of critical levels of ammonia 800 m upwind and exceedance of critical loads of nitrogen 2.8 km upwind. Emissions contributed 30% of the total N load in parts of the upwind conservation site. In the nitrogen exposure experiments, plants showed elevated tissue nitrogen contents, and responded to ammonia concentrations and nitrogen deposition loads observed in the conservation site by increasing biomass. Estimated long-term impacts suggest an increase in the soil carbon pool of 9% over a 50-year timescale

The Role of Access to Finance, Relational Capabilities and the Component of Strategic Orientations on SMEs Performance in Nigeria: A Pilot Study

The objective of this study is to explore and confirm the validity and reliability of the measurement instrument to determine the role of access to financing, relational capabilities and component of strategic orientations on SMEs performance in Nigeria. SMEs performance is paramount due to their significant contribution to employment and GDP. The issue of non-performance of SMEs and lack of empirical evidence on the role of strategic orientations on SMEs performance in emerging countries particularly Nigeria motivated the study.  Therefore, confirming the validity and reliability of the measurement items will remove doubts regarding the applicability and suitability of the instrument in another context. It will also stand as the guide for full scale research. The study employed a survey approach and collected 33 useable questionnaires from SMEs in Kano-based on systematic random sampling technique. The model examined five factors as a determinant of SMEs performance in Nigeria. Hence the reliability and validity of the construct were determined by conducting data analysis using SPSSv20. Finally, the results have confirmed the validity and reliability of the measurement instruments used in the pilot study

Failure Analysis of The Copper Tubes for A Water Heater

The objective of this project is to do failure analysis on the copper tubes for hot water piping system at Resak central processing platform (RCPP).The scope of the study focused on the microstructure analysis of the copper tube. The function of this piping system is to transfer the hot water from water heater (WH 101 and WH 102) to the LQ (living quarters). The use of this hot water is for bathing because the cold condition in the LQ. So, every personnel on platform have choice whether they need cold water or hot water for bathing. Both of these water heaters are operating at 300 kPa @ 700C (44 psi @ 1500F). The Failure Analysis Processes in this project involved microscopic examination, microscopic examination, sample preparation for metallographic and report writing. The methodology apply involved the metallography which covered the preparation of the specimen to reveal the microstructure of the sample. This microstructure is examined under Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive spectroscopy of X-rays (EDS) facility. Further analysis is done based on the data gathered through this experimental work. Final conclusion regarding the cause of the failure occurred is done using the analysis of the result from the experimental work. In addition, at the end of this study some recommendations are proposed in order to prevent this failure from occur again

The dynamic interplay of chromatin modifying factors and DNA-bound transcription factors in the regulation of mouse gonadotropin genes via multiple signaling pathways

Master'sMASTER OF SCIENC

Micro Hydro turbine (Design and fabrication)

Micro hydro turbine is an alternative for rural electrical power generation where the some areas in Malaysia are beyond the reach of power grid. This type of turbine is much cheaper than the full scale hydro turbine. Generating electrical power from 200W to maximum 1 OMW makes this type of small turbine the option to install in rural areas that in located near highly located places where abundant storage of water supply is available. However, this micro hydro turbine design actually needs special manufacturing process which is casing that is not widely available in Malaysia and some of the major components especially the Pelton bucket have to be imported. This project is focused on the redesigning and fabricating newer design of micro hydro turbine which will be constructed in an alternative way. Therefore, several of the problems of existing machine need to solve. Several parameters are discussed and analysed in order to build the new micro hydro turbine in term of cost, material selection and manufacturing selection