Monoglycerides as an Antifungal Agent

Monoglyceride is a part of a lipid group compound. As a derivative of triglycerides, monoglycerides could be produced from renewable resources like fat or vegetable oils. Structurally, monoglyceride has lipophilic and hydrophilic properties in its molecule. Lipophilic properties could be donated by an acyl group from fatty acid and hydrophilic properties from two hydroxyl residues. Therefore, it was referred to as an organic amphiphilic compound. Monoglycerides have potency as antifungal agents. Based on its chemical structure, monoglyceride allows to bind to lipid bilayer and other components on the cell membrane of fungal microorganism and damage it. In this chapter, we will describe the structure and classification, physical and chemical properties, as well as reaction path synthesis of monoglyceride from vegetable oils and mechanism of action of monoglyceride as antifungal agents

Isolation and Antibacterial Activity Test of Lauric Acid from Crude Coconut Oil (Cocos nucifera L.)

AbstractIsolation of lauric acid from crude coconut oil (CCO) has been done. Neutralization of CCO using 30% Na2CO3 solution could decrease its acid value from 1.69 to 0.48. Transesterification reactions of neutral coconut oil with methanol and K2CO3 at 55°C in 3hours produced methyl laurate in 52% purity. Methyl laurate with 87% purity could be isolated by fractionatal distillation at 130-140°C. Hydrolysis of methyl laurate with NaOH produced solid lauric acidin 84% yield. Lauric acid at 5% concentration could inhibit the growth of all bacteria tested but it is still lower than Ciprofloxacin

Sunscreen Activity of Fraction n-hexane, Chloroform, and Eethyl Acetate of Ethanol 96% Flamboyan Leaf (Delonix regia. Raf) Extract

The sunscreen test of fraction n-hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate of ethanol 96% flamboyant leaf (Delonix regia. Raf) extract had been performed. This research begins the extraction of a flamboyant leaf using 96% ethanol. Extraction used the maceration method. The extract is fractionation with some solvents such as n-hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate. Each fraction was identified secondary metabolite and sunscreen test involving SPF, %Te, and %Tp measurement using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. The result of phytochemical screening exhibited flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, and phenolics in ethyl acetate fraction. n-hexane and chloroform fraction don't show saponins and flavonoid content. The sunscreen test shows that chloroform fraction has good protection power toward UV light with SPF, %Te, and %Tp value is 54.27±0.462, 7.46±0.473, and 12.83±0.047 in 250 mg/L, respectively

SINTESIS LEMPUNG TERINTERKALASI ANILIN DAN PEMANFAATANNYA SEBAGAI ADSORBEN FENOL

Telah dilakukan sintesis lempung terinterkalasi anilin dan pemanfaatannya sebagai adsorben fenol. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik lempung terinterkalasi anilin dan kemampuannya dalam mengadsorpsi fenol. Penelitian meliputi preparasi lempung, pembuatan Na-Lempung dan sintesis lempung terinterkalasi anilin. Produk yang dihasilkan dikarakterisasi menggunakan spektroskopi Fourier Transform-Infrared (FTIR), difraksi sinar-X (XRD) dan luas permukaan menggunakan metode metilen biru. Selanjutnya produk tersebut digunakan untuk mengadsorpsi fenol. Hasil karakterisasi menggunakan FTIR menunjukkan serapan NH pada 3430,22 cm-1 , serapan CN pada 2358,01 cm-1 dan terdapat beberapa gugus yang tetap dipertahankan pasca interkalasi. Analisa XRD menunjukkan bahwa interkalasi anilin menurunkan basal spacing 4,81 Ǻ untuk lempung alam menjadi 4,47 Ǻ untuk lempung terinterkalasi anilin diikuti penurunan luas permukaan 816,46 m2 /g untuk lempung alam menjadi 789,63 m2 /g pada lempung terinterkalasi anilin. Hasil penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa lempung terinterkalasi anilin dapat mengadsorpsi fenol dengan baik dibandingkan lempung alam. Hal ini sejalan dengan nilai kapasitas adsorpsi fenol oleh lempung terinterkalasi anilin yaitu 100,00 μmol/g yang lebih besar dari lempung alam (71,43 μmol/g)

Identifikasi dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Senyawa Alkaloid Daun Pepaya (Carica papaya L.) Kultivar Lokal

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui senyawa alkaloid dan nilai kekuatan antioksidan IC50 dari ekstrak etanol daun pepaya (Carica papaya L.)  kutivar lokal menggunakan metode eksperimental Laboratorium. Analisis menggunakan LC-MS diperoleh senyawa alkaloid karpain dengan memiliki berat molekul 479 g/mol. Hasil uji aktivitas antioksidan diperoleh nilai IC50 ekstrak daun pepaya kutivar lokal A maupun kultivar lokal B adalah 34 ppm dan 10,4 ppm. Hal ini dapat memperlihatkan bahwa kedua ekstrak tersebut tergolong antioksidan kuat

REDUCTION OF ANIONIC SURFACTANT IN DETERJENT FROM DOMESTIC WASTE WATER USING PUMICE AND SAND AS A MEDIA IN CONSTRUCTED WETLAND SYSTEM

The use of pumice and sand as a media in Constructed wetland (CW) system to reduce anionic surfactant has been carried out. This research aimed to investigation the efficiency of pumice  and sand in CW system with and without plant (cymbopogon citrates) for  CW anionic surfactant removal. There were six variation of CW treatments based on percentage pumice amended in the sand media. The anionic surfactant were analysed using UV-VIS spectrophotometry with metilen blue methods. Results of the analysis on oneway anova showed that the efficiency removal of anionic surfactant in inflow and outflow is significant different, on the variation of media of pumice 10%  and sand  90%  (CW B) reduced anionic surfactant levels efficiently from an average of 0,481 ppm  ppm to 0,188 ppm with a decrease in percentage value of 60,91%

ORIENTAL JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of 2-Monolaurin

AbSTRACT Ethanolysis reaction triglyceride from coconut oil using enzyme from lipozyme TL IM has produced a mixture of 2-mono acyl glycerol. Product 2-mono acyl glycerol with a yield of 35% has been achieved in the ratio by weight of triglyceride from coconut oil to dry ethanol is 1:4, temperature of 35°C, the number of lipozyme TL IM 5% (w/w) of the total weight of the reactants and reaction time 12 hours. The 2-monolaurin compound with a purity of 100% and a yield of 30, 1 % successfully separated from 2-mono acyl glycerol. The 2-monolaurin compound inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus at a concentration of 2500 ppm each with a diameter of inhibitory zone 13.75 and 10.44 mm. Product mixture 2-mono acylglycerol inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus respectively at concentrations of 100 and 1000 ppm with a diameter of inhibitory zone 10.32 and 10.83 mm