EL SABER-HACER DEL COMUNICADOR SOCIAL

La distancia existente entre rol del planificadorcomunicacional construido y legitimado por la Facultad dePeriodismo y Comunicación Social de la UNLP, y la prácticaprofesional concreta de sus egresados; es un tema hasta elmomento inédito. No ha sido abordado directamente eninvestigaciones de carácter científico de la misma Facultad.Si bien cuenta con algunos antecedentes en diferentesinvestigaciones que abordan la temática de la inserción laboralde los graduados de la institución, esto no es pertinente yaque nos interesa en este punto trabajar acerca del estado delarte de nuestra investigación. O sea todas aquellas vocesautorizadas que hayan realizado trabajos de rigor científicoacerca de cuestiones que estén asociadas a la temática del roldel planificador.Como punto de partida para del estado del arte nosparece fundamental retomar algunas de las cuestionesplanteadas por el Plan de Estudios 1998 de la Facultad [1] , yaque creemos que en el mismo se trazan los principaleslineamientos acerca de la construcción que hace la facultadsobre el rol del futuro profesional.Según este Plan el Licenciado en Comunicación Socialcon orientación en Planificación Social “está capacitado paraelaborar prácticas comunicacionales en diferentes dimensionesy a través de distintos espacios sociales, culturales, políticos,institucionales, tecnológicos e interdisciplinarios”. Afirmatambién que esta actividad puede ser llevada a cabo encualquier tipo de ámbito gubernamental, no gubernamental,con o sin fines de lucro. Desde esta perspectiva se plantea a unsujeto productor de comunicación dotado de capacidad crítica,productiva y creativa para desenvolverse frente a losproblemas de comunicación existentes, capaz de modificar larealidad.Consideramos que esta propuesta, teniendo en cuentaque la carrera es relativamente nueva, intenta dar forma yestablecer el posible campo profesional y el ámbito deincumbencia del comunicador, pero que en este intento,justamente por tratar de dar respuesta a la amplitud del campoposible, termina por ser ambigua en la definición del rol. Conesto queremos decir que las tareas enunciadas podrían ser lasmismas que las de cualquier disciplina social, con la salvedadde la perspectiva comunicacional.En este sentido creemos que aún en el principaldocumento de la Institución formadora de ComunicadoresSociales el rol del mismo no es claramente definido. Estogenera un alto nivel de incertidumbre en los futurosprofesionales para establecer las posibles prácticas de sudesempeño laboral

El saber-hacer del comunicador social

La distancia existente entre rol del planificador comunicacional construido y legitimado por la Facultad de Periodismo y Comunicación Social de la UNLP, y la práctica profesional concreta de sus egresados es un tema hasta el momento inédito. No ha sido abordado directamente en investigaciones de carácter científico de la misma Facultad. Si bien cuenta con algunos antecedentes en diferentes investigaciones que abordan la temática de la inserción laboral de los graduados de la institución, esto no es pertinente ya que nos interesa en este punto trabajar acerca del estado del arte de nuestra investigación. O sea todas aquellas voces autorizadas que hayan realizado trabajos de rigor científico acerca de cuestiones que estén asociadas a la temática del rol del planificador.Este trabajo fue presentado en el I Congreso Virtual “La tesis. Recorridos conceptuales por el campo de la comunicación”, evento realizado por la cátedra Seminario Permanente de Tesis de la Facultad de Periodismo y Comunicación Social de la UNLP, del 30 de mayo al 10 de junio de 2005.Facultad de Periodismo y Comunicación Socia

Lymphocyte distribution and intrahepatic compartmentalization during HCV infection: a main role for MHC-unrestricted T cells

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection induces an acute and chronic liver inflammation through an immune-mediated pathway that may lead to cirrhosis and liver failure. Indeed, HCV-related hepatitis is characterized by a dramatic lymphocyte infiltrate into the liver which is mainly composed by HCV non-specific cells. Several data indicated that interferon (IFN)-gamma secretion by intrahepatic lymphocytes (IHL) may drive non-specific cell homing to the liver, inducing interferon inducible protein-10 (IP-10) production. An interesting hallmark of these IHL is the recruitment of lymphocytes associated with mechanisms of innate immunity, such as natural killer (NK), natural killer T (NKT) and gamma delta T lymphocytes. CD81 triggering on NK cell surface by the HCV envelope glycoprotein E2 was recently shown to inhibit NK cell function in the liver of HCV-infected persons, resulting in a possible mechanism contributing to the lack of virus clearance and to the establishment of chronic infection. In contrast, intrahepatic NKT cells restricted to CD1d molecules expressed on the hepatocyte surface may contribute to a large extent to liver damage. Finally, an increased frequency of T cells expressing the gamma delta T cell receptor (TCR) was observed in HCV-infected liver and recent observations indicate that intrahepatic gamma delta T cell activation could be directly induced by the HCV/E2 particle through CD81 triggering. These cells are not HCV specific, are able to kill target cells including primary hepatocytes and their ability to produce T helper (Th)1 cytokines is associated with a higher degree of liver disease. Together, CD1d/NKT and/or E2/CD81 interactions may play a major role in the establishment of HCV immunopathogenesis. In the absence of virus clearance, the chemokine-driven recruitment of lymphocytes with an innate cytotoxic behavior in the liver of HCV-infected patients may boost itself, leading to necroinflammatory and fibrotic liver disease

Reciprocal Activating Interaction between Natural Killer Cells and Dendritic Cells

We analyzed the interaction between human peripheral blood natural killer (NK) cells and monocyte-derived immature dendritic cells (DC). Fresh NK cells were activated, as indicated by the induced expression of the CD69 antigen, and their cytolytic activity was strongly augmented by contact with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mature DC, or with immature DC in the presence of the maturation stimuli LPS, Mycobacterium tuberculosis or interferon (IFN)-α. Reciprocally, fresh NK cells cultured with immature DC in the presence of the maturation stimuli strongly enhanced DC maturation and interleukin (IL)-12 production. IL-2–activated NK cells directly induced maturation of DC and enhanced their ability to stimulate allogeneic naive CD4+ T cells. The effects of NK cells were cell contact dependent, although the secretion of IFN-γ and TNF also contributed to DC maturation. Within peripheral blood lymphocytes the reciprocal activating interaction with DC was restricted to NK cells, because the other lymphocyte subsets were neither induced to express CD69, nor induced to mature in contact with DC. These data demonstrated for the first time a bidirectional cross talk between NK cells and DC, in which NK cells activated by IL-2 or by mature DC induce DC maturation

A case of dengue type 3 virus infection imported from Africa to Italy, October 2009.

In October 2009, a traveller returning from Africa to Italy was hospitalised with symptoms suggestive of a haemorrhagic fever of unknown origin. The patient was immediately placed in a special biocontainment unit until laboratory investigations confirmed the infection to be caused by a dengue serotype 3 virus. This case reasserts the importance of returning travellers as sentinels of unknown outbreaks occurring in other countries, and highlights how the initial symptoms of dengue fever resemble those of other haemorrhagic fevers, hence the importance of prompt isolation of patients until a final diagnosis is reached

Patient to patient transmission of hepatitis B virus: a systematic review of reports on outbreaks between 1992 and 2007

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Hepatitis B outbreaks in healthcare settings are still a serious public health concern in high-income countries. To elucidate the most frequent infection pathways and clinical settings involved, we performed a systematic review of hepatitis B virus outbreaks published between 1992 and 2007 within the EU and USA.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The research was performed using two different databases: the PubMed Database and the Outbreak Database, the worldwide database for nosocomial outbreaks. Selection of papers was carried out using the Quorom algorithm, and to avoid selection biases, the inclusion criteria were established before the articles were identified.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Overall, 30 papers were analyzed, reporting on 33 hepatitis B virus outbreaks that involved 471 patients, with 16 fatal cases. Dialysis units accounted for 30.3% of outbreaks followed by medical wards (21.2%), nursing homes (21.2%), surgery wards (15.2), and outpatient clinics (12.1%). The transmission pathways were: multi-vial drugs (30.3%), non-disposable multi-patient capillary blood sampling devices (27.2%), transvenous endomyocardial biopsy procedures (9.1%), and multiple deficiencies in applying standard precautions (9.1%).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The analysis of transmission pathways showed that some breaches in infection control measures, such as administration of drugs using multi-vial compounds and capillary blood sampling, are the most frequent routes for patient-to-patient transmission of hepatitis B virus. Moreover some outbreak reports underlined that heart-transplant recipients are at risk of contracting hepatitis B virus infection during the transvenous endomyocardial biopsy procedure through indirect contact with infected blood as a result of environmental contamination. To prevent transmission, healthcare workers must adhere to standard precautions and follow fundamental infection control principles, such as the use of sterile, single-use, disposable needles and avoiding the use of multi-vial compounds in all healthcare settings including outpatient settings.</p

Results of anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG, IgM, IgA and IgG Avidity testing in pregnant women in Rome, Italy

To evaluate the incidence of Toxoplasma gondii infection, the detection of specific IgG, IgM, IgA and IgG avidity was performed on 1424 pregnant women referred to the “L. Spallanzani” Hospital in Rome (Italy). Of the 1424 women screened, 20 (1.40%) were likely to have been recently infected (presence of IgM/IgA, and/or low IgG avidity), 29 (2.04%) had positive IgM coupled with high IgG avidity, 7 (0.49%) had an unspecific result for IgM alone, 1339 (94.0%), were negative for both IgG and IgM, 29 (2.04%) showed evidence of past infection (IgG positive, IgM negative, high IgG avidity). In Conclusion our results underscore the importance of efficient antenatal screening and appropriate treatment for Toxoplasma infection in Italy