Entropy current for the relativistic Kadanoff-Baym equation and H-theorem in O(N)O(N) theory with NLO self-energy of 1/N1/N expansion

We derive an expression of the kinetic entropy current in the nonequilibrium $O(N)$ scalar theory from the Schwinger-Dyson (Kadanoff-Baym) equation with the 1st order gradient expansion. We show that our kinetic entropy satisfies the H-theorem for the leading order of the gradient expansion with the next-to-leading order self-energy of the $1/N$ expansion in the symmetric phase, and that entropy production occurs as the Green's function evolves with an nonzero collision term. Entropy production stops at local thermal equilibrium where the collision term contribution vanishes and the maximal entropy state is realized. Next we also compare our entropy density with that in thermal equilibrium which is given from thermodynamic potential or equivalently 2 particle irreducible effective action. We find that our entropy density corresponds to that in thermal equilibrium with the next-to-leading order skeletons of the $1/N$ expansion if skeletons with energy denominators in momentum integral can be regularized appropriately. We have a possibility that memory correction terms remain in entropy current if not regularized.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figure

Nonequilibrium 2PI evolution of the O(N) model with longitudinal expansion

Motivated by the problem of thermalization in heavy-ion collisions, we present numerical simulations of the nonequilibrium evolution of the O(N) model in 1+2 dimensions with longitudinal expansion and in the presence of a background field. We work in the NLO approximation of the 1/N expansion and consider both the strong and weak coupling cases. Special emphasis is put on the difference between the 2PI formalism and the classical statistical approach. In the 2PI case at strong coupling, we find some evidence of the Bose-Einstein (exponential) distribution in the expanding system.Comment: 12 pages, 12 figures; v2 version published in PR

Many toric ideals generated by quadratic binomials possess no quadratic Gr\"obner bases

Let $G$ be a finite connected simple graph and $I_{G}$ the toric ideal of the edge ring $K[G]$ of $G$. In the present paper, we study finite graphs $G$ with the property that $I_{G}$ is generated by quadratic binomials and $I_{G}$ possesses no quadratic Gr\"obner basis. First, we give a nontrivial infinite series of finite graphs with the above property. Second, we implement a combinatorial characterization for $I_{G}$ to be generated by quadratic binomials and, by means of the computer search, we classify the finite graphs $G$ with the above property, up to 8 vertices.Comment: 11 pages, 17 figures, Typos corrected, Reference adde

Inhibitory Effects of Pre and Post Radon Inhalation on Carbon Tetrachloride-induced Oxidative Damage in Mouse Organs

Radon inhalation activates antioxidative functions in some organs of mice. We examined the prevention effects of pre radon inhalation and the alleviation effects of post radon inhalation on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced oxidative damage in the brain, heart, lung, liver, and kidney of mice. In addition, we compared the effect of pre and post radon inhalation on oxidative damage. Mice inhaled radon at a concentration of 18000Bq/m3 for 6hrs before or after CCl4 administration. As a result, the total glutathione(t-GSH) contents and catalase(CAT) activities in the brain, heart, lung, liver, and kidney and superoxide dismutase(SOD) activities in the heart and lung were significantly higher in pre and post radon-inhaled mice than in mice treated with only CCl4. Pre radon inhalation inhibited and post radon inhalation reduced lipid peroxidation induced by CCl4. In addition, there were no significant differences in lipid peroxide(LPO) levels in the brain, heart, lung, liver, and kidney between pre and post radon-inhaled mice. These findings suggested that post radon inhalation has the same effects as pre radon inhalation against CCl4-induced oxidative damage in the brain, heart, lung, liver, and kidney

Extensive Bilateral Patellar Tendon Ossification in a Spinal Cord Injury Patient

This is the first report of extensive bilateral patellar tendon ossification occurring over a prolonged time after a unilateral knee injury. An 84-year-old Japanese man with a spinal cord injury caused by a burst fracture of the T12 vertebra presented with a bony hard prominence on the left knee, which was injured in a traffic accident when he was 77 years old. Radiography revealed extensive ossification of the bilateral patellar tendons. We review the English literature with a focus on the localization of bilateral heterotopic ossification of the knee in patients who had a central nervous system injury

Obstructive azoospermia as an unusual complication associated with herniorrhaphy of an omphalocele: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Iatrogenic damage to the seminal tract is one of the causes of obstructive azoospermia, which can be an indication for reconstruction surgery. We present a case of obstructive azoospermia as an unusual complication after neonatal herniorrhaphy of an omphalocele.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>A 30-year-old Japanese man was diagnosed with obstructive azoospermia. He had undergone herniorrhaphy of an omphalocele immediately after birth. Reconstruction surgery of both seminal tracts was performed to pursue the possibility of naturally achieved pregnancy. Intra-operative findings demonstrated that both vasa deferentia were interrupted at the internal inguinal rings, although the abdominal end of the right vas leading to the seminal vesicle was found in the abdominal cavity. The discharge from the stump of the testicular end had no sperm, although the right epididymal tubules were dilated with motile sperm. Therefore, we performed right-sided vasovasostomy in the internal inguinal ring and ipsilateral epididymovasostomy simultaneously.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing obstructive azoospermia as an unusual complication of herniorrhaphy of an omphalocele. It is important to pay attention to the existence of seminal tracts in such surgery as well as in inguinal herniorrhaphy.</p

2004年台風10号豪雨により徳島県那賀川流域で発生した斜面崩壊

Many slope failures and debris flows triggered by heavy rainfall associated with Typhoon 0410 (Namtheun) occurred in Naka-gawa area, Tokushima, Japan on July 31st to August 1st, 2004. Many slope failures occurred at steep mountain slopes, which consist of greenstones, phyllites and schistose sandstones of accretionary complex. The greenstones are weathered to blocky fragments. This factor seems to be the major cause of slope failures of weathered greenstones. Deformations of foliated sedimentary rocks by gravitational mass rock creep are observed in source area of slope failures. Mass rock creep makes various kinds of non-tectonic structures, and degrades mountain slopes to make favorable conditions for slope failures caused by heavy rainfall

Towards thermalization in heavy-ion collisions: CGC meets the 2PI formalism

We propose to apply the two-particle irreducible (2PI) formalism to the problem of thermalization in heavy-ion collisions in the Color Glass Condensate (CGC) picture. We consider the 2PI effective action to three loops and derive a set of coupled equations for the classical Yang-Mills field and the quantum fluctuations in the boost invariant coordinate system. The initial condition and the relation to previous works are also discussed.Comment: 23 pages, 4 figures; v2: Version to appear in Nuclear Physics