Analysis and Implementation of Speech Recognition System using ARM7 Processor

This paper introduces implementation and analysis of speech recognition system. Speech Recognition is the process of automatically recognizing a certain word spoken by a particular speaker based on individual information included in speech waves. This paper presents one of the techniques to extract the feature set from a speech signal, which can be used in speech recognition systems and an analysis study has been performed. A wide range of possibilities exist for parametrically representing the speech signal for the speaker recognition task, such as Linear Prediction Coding (LPC), Mel-Frequency Cepstrum Coefficients (MFCC),and others. Studies and experiments show that MFCC provides better results than LPC. Here vector quantization is used to increase speech recognition accuracy. Experiments shows that as the no. of MFCC coefficients increases get better accuracy, code book size also affects accuracy. The MFCC and VQ algorithm, for speech recognition have been implemented in MATLAB 7.7(R2008b) version on Windows7 platform. The control circuitry has been implemented in Keil µVision3; the supporting hardware setup is being implemented. Keywords: Speech Recognition; MFCC; Vector Quantization; LP

Lung Cancer Classification Using Modified Squeezenet

Lung cancer is the primary cause of mortality in individuals diagnosed with cancer. Detecting and diagnosing lung cancer early significantly reduces the mortality rate. The early diagnosis of lung cancer is greatly facilitated by medical imaging. The recommendation is to undergo a CT scan, as it has a higher probability of detecting lung cancer during its initial phases. The detection of lung cancer greatly depends on the utilization of advanced deep learning technology, specifically convolutional neural networks, which assist in accurately classifying the CT image. This paper proposed a Modified light weight SqueezeNet architecture that mixes bottleneck residual network and fully connected layer along with global average pooling in the original network. This modification enhances the classification performance with a slight rise in computational complexity.  CT images of 330 patients are used as a data set for testing the proposed technique, which is executed in MATLAB 2022a platform. The proposed method can identify lung cancer and categorize it as either malignant or normal with test Accuracy of 95.76%, Recall-92.94%, Precision of 98.75%, Specificity-98.75%, and AUC-0.9977. The Modified SqueezeNet gives better classification performance against the base SqueezeNet model. The proposed method outperforms traditional deep learning networks like AlexNet, ShuffleNet, ResNet-50, and GoogleNet

Determination of Rb-Sr age for separated chondrules from the Allegan chondrite

Rb-Sr isotopic study as well as petrologic investigations have been done on sixteen individul chondrule samples separated from the Allegan (H5) chondrite. The Rb-Sr chondrule isochron does not define a very precise age (4.42±0.17 Ga) and 87Sr/86Sr initial ratio (0.6997±0.0014) due to the very small variation in Rb/Sr ratio for the chondrules, whereas the model ages give a much more speciffic value (4.42±0.02 Ga). These ages may probably be indicative of the time of primary process (es) (e.g. chondrule formation) rather than secondary (metamorphic reheating) or tertiary (shock heating) processes in and/or on the H-chodrite parent body (or bodies). Chemical compositions of oliveines (Fa=17.5mol%, mean deviation (MD)=1.3%) and orthopyoxenes (Fs=15.4mol%, MD=3.2%) are moderately homogenized among the chondrules, while certains chemically uneguilibrated features are also distinctly preserved in this chondrite. Homogeneity of the mineral compositions, therefore, could not have been caused by thermal metamorphism but were probably inherited from processes prior to aggregation of the components. The overall implications of the chondrule isochron and model ages in relation to the petrological features and in comparison with Rb-Sr data of other chondrites of different chemical groups and petrologic types are discussed

Rb-Sr age of K-rich LL-chondrite Yamato-74442

Yamato-74442, a brecciated LL-group chondrite, consists of fragments with igeous texture, chondrules, mineral fragments, and host. The fragments involve K-rich fragments as well as normal ones. Typically, both fragments consist mainly of euhedral porphyritic olivines and a few orthopyroxenes in a glassy grundmass. EPMA analyses for these fragments indicate that olivines and orthoptroxenes have a range of Fe/(Fe+Mg) ratio of 27.19～31.33 and 20.10～26.91 mol%, respectively. There is no significant difference in these rations between K-rich (Na2O/K2O<1) and normal framents. The K2O contents of groundmass for K-rich fragments range from 0.51 to 4.89 wt% and that of the normal fragments is 0.38～090 wt%. K2O contents of groundmass vary from fragment to fragment but are rather homegeneous in a single fragment. Rb-Sr isotopic determination on eighteen K-rich fragments (1.5 to 9.5mg in weight) gave an internal isochron age of 4.514±0.022 (2σ) Ga (λ87Rb=1.42×10-11y-1) and initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.7016±0.0024. This age is somewhat old compared with a whole rock isochron age of LL chondrites (4.493±0.18 Ga; Minster and Allegre, 1981). From a comoarison of the present result with others so far reported, it is inferred that the alkali differentiation as observed in Yamato-74442 probably occurred prior to or during a process of accumulation from LL chondrite parent material in the early solar nebula.

Herbimycin A suppresses NF-κB activation and tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK2 and the subsequent induction of nitric oxide synthase in C6 glioma cells

AbstractHerbimycin A, a potent tyrosine kinase inhibitor, suppressed nitric oxide synthase (NOS) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in C6 glial cells. LPS activated NF-κB, and this effect was inhibited by pretreatment with herbimycin A. In addition, IFN-γ activated the tyrosine protein kinase, JAK2, and tyrosine-phosphorylation by itself was also inhibited by herbimycin A. These results suggest that herbimycin A suppresses iNOS induction by inhibition of both NF-κB activation caused by LPS, and tyrosine-phosphorylation of JAK2 caused by IFN-γ in C6 glioma cells

Quadratic acceleration of multi-step probabilistic algorithms for state preparation

For quantum state preparation, a non-unitary operator is typically designed to decay undesirable states contained in an initial state using ancilla qubits and a probabilistic action. Probabilistic algorithms do not accelerate the computational process compared to classical ones. In this study, quantum amplitude amplification (QAA) and multi-step probabilistic algorithms are combined to achieve quadratic acceleration. This method outperforms quantum phase estimation in terms of infidelity. The quadratic acceleration was confirmed by the probabilistic imaginary-time evolution (PITE) method

Acceleration of probabilistic imaginary-time evolution method combined with quantum amplitude amplification

A probabilistic imaginary-time evolution (PITE) method was proposed as a nonvariational method to obtain a ground state on a quantum computer. In this formalism, the success probability of obtaining all imaginary-time evolution operators acting on the initial state decreases as the imaginary time proceeds. To alleviate the undesirable nature, we propose quantum circuits for PITE combined with the quantum amplitude amplification (QAA) method. We reduce the circuit depth in the combined circuit with QAA by introducing a pre-amplification operator. We successfully demonstrated that the combination of PITE and QAA works efficiently and reported a case in which the quantum acceleration is achieved. Additionally, we have found that by optimizing a parameter of PITE, we can reduce the number of QAA operations and that deterministic imaginary-time evolution (deterministic ITE) can be achieved which avoids the probabilistic nature of PITE. We applied the deterministic ITE procedure to multiple imaginary-time steps and discussed the computational cost for the circuits. Finally, as an example, we demonstrate the numerical results of the PITE circuit combined with QAA in the first- and second-quantized Hamiltonians.Comment: 20 pages, 12 figure

Distinct roles of TIR and non-TIR regions in the subcellular localization and signaling properties of MyD88

AbstractMyD88 is a cytoplasmic adaptor protein that is critical for Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling. The subcellular localization of MyD88 is characterized as large condensed forms in the cytoplasm. The mechanism and significance of this localization with respect to the signaling function, however, are currently unknown. Here, we demonstrate that MyD88 localization depends on the entire non-TIR region and that the correct cellular targeting of MyD88 is indispensable for its signaling function. The Toll-interleukin I receptor-resistance (TIR) domain does not determine the subcellular localization, but it mediates interaction with specific TLRs. These findings reveal distinct roles for the TIR and non-TIR regions in the subcellular localization and signaling properties of MyD88

Electrophoretic mobility of carboxyl latex particles: effects of hydrophobic monovalent counter-ions

To investigate the effect of hydrophobicity on the charge reversal of colloidal particles, we measured and analyzed the electrophoretic mobility (EPM) of carboxyl latex particles in mixed electrolytes solutions containing potassium chloride KCl and tetraphenylphosphonium chloride TPPCl. Tetraphenylphosphonium (TPP+) ion strongly adsorbs on the particle surface due to its hydrophobicity and thus causes the charge reversal/overcharging. Measurements of EPM were carried out as functions of pH, ionic strength, and the mixed molar ratio of X = [TPP+]/[K+] to unveil the influence of surface charge on hydrophobic interaction. Experimental EPM was analyzed by using 1-pKH Stern Gouy Chapmann model with the Ohshima equation including the relaxation effect or the Smoluchowski equation neglecting the relaxation effect for calculating theoretical EPM values. Our results demonstrate that carboxyl latex particles show charge reversal indicated by positive EPMs at low pH due to the accumulation of TPP+ ions on the surface and the reversed EPM values at low pH are augmented with increasing the mixed molar ratio of X = [TPP+]/[K+]. Also, we observed that charge re-reversal at higher pH as the deprotonation of surface carboxyl groups proceeded. The pH at which the charge re-reversal occurred increased with increasing the mixed molar ratio. From the comparison between our experiments and theoretical analysis, we found that the intrinsic energy of adsorption decreases with increasing the surface charge density to describe the observed charge re-reversal. These results indicate that the intrinsic adsorption energy of TPP+, which is probably due to hydrophobic interaction, decreases with increasing the surface charge density