The joint impact on being overweight of self reported behaviours of eating quickly and eating until full : cross sectional survey

Objective To examine whether eating until full or eating quickly or combinations of these eating behaviours are associated with being overweight

高速液体クロマトグラフィーによる緑茶浸出液のカテキン類の定量 : 浸出方法及び保存方法の比較(自然科学)

上級煎茶を70℃と90℃の湯でそれぞれ0.5分,1分,2分,3分間浸出した試料と6ヶ月間異なる条件で保存した茶を,70℃で3分間浸出した試料を高速液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC)を用いてカフェイン,カテキン類の定量を行った。浸出温度が高く,浸出時間が長くなるにしたがって,カフェイン,カテキン類の溶出量は増加し,特に,90℃で2分間以上浸出すると,エステル型カテキンの溶出が多くなった。6ヶ月間保存後の緑茶の浸出液では,貯蔵温度が低いほどカフェイン,カテキン類の含有量が多く,室温で保存すると含有量が少なくなったことから,これらの成分は保存中に分解することがわかった。茶液への浸出は(-)-EGCが最も多く(+)-C, (-)-ECGが少なかった。官能検査では70℃で2分間,90℃では1分間浸出した場合が香りもよく,総合評価においても有意に好まれ,70℃浸出では1分間浸出では淡すぎ,90℃では3分間浸出すると濃すぎるため有意に好まれないと評価された。6ヶ月間異なった条件で保存した緑茶は,冷凍庫保存(-40℃)で有意に好まれ,室温保存は有意に好まれないと評価された

ひやむぎから摂取される食塩量

乾麺の調理過程での食塩量変化と摂取時の食塩量を把握することを目的として,ひやむぎ食塩量とゆで時間,ゆで麺の水洗いの関係,さらにつけ麺・かけ麺の二種類の食べかたでの食塩摂取量について実験を行った。その結果,ゆでることで機械打ち・手延べひやむぎともに食塩量は20%以下に減少し,さらにゆで麺を洗うことで5%以下になった。ゆで時間の長短は食塩濃度に関係しなかった。また食べ方についてはつけ麺のほうがかけ麺より食塩摂取量が有意に少なくなった。この食べ方での実際の食塩摂取量はつけ麺で使用材料から計算した値の24%,かけ麺で40%であった

Review Article : Feudalism or Absolute Monarchism?

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/68809/2/10.1177_009770049001600304.pd

Proteomic and Biochemical Analyses of the Mechanism of Tolerance in Mutant Soybean Responding to Flooding Stress

To investigate the mechanism of flooding tolerance of soybean, flooding-tolerant mutants derived from gamma-ray irradiated soybean were crossed with parent cultivar Enrei for removal of other factors besides the genes related to flooding tolerance in primary generated mutant soybean. Although the growth of the wild type was significantly suppressed by flooding compared with the non-flooding condition, that of the mutant lines was better than that of the wild type even if it was treated with flooding. A two-day-old mutant line was subjected to flooding for 2 days and proteins were analyzed using a gel-free/label-free proteomic technique. Oppositely changed proteins in abundance between the wild type and mutant line under flooding stress were associated in endoplasmic reticulum according to gene-ontology categorization. Immunoblot analysis confirmed that calnexin accumulation increased in both the wild type and mutant line; however, calreticulin accumulated in only the mutant line under flooding stress. Furthermore, although glycoproteins in the wild type decreased by flooding compared with the non-flooding condition, those in the mutant line increased even if it was under flooding stress. Alcohol dehydrogenase accumulated in the wild type and mutant line; however, this enzyme activity significantly increased and mildly increased in the wild type and mutant line, respectively, under flooding stress compared with the non-flooding condition. Cell death increased and decreased in the wild type and mutant line, respectively, by flooding stress. These results suggest that the regulation of cell death through the fermentation system and glycoprotein folding might be an important factor for the acquisition of flooding tolerance in mutant soybean

A Sociological Prospect of Athlete\u27s Burnout : Findings to the Relationship between the Elite Athletes and the Group They Belong to

The purpose of this study is to conduct a sociological investigation, the relationship between the elite athl etes and the group they belong to, by means of using the existing researches of social support and \u27burnout\u27. The results of this study are as follows. 1) Social support score of the high burnout athlete is low. 2) Among the high burnout athletes, those who require \u22companionship support\u22 from the group they belong to, have lower satisfaction of \u22affective support\u22 and \u22self-esteem support\u22. And then, their satisfactions are lower than those who don\u27t require every support from the group they belong to. 3) As to \u22affective support\u22 and \u22self-esteem support\u22, the satisfaction of athletes who require either \u22affective support\u22 and \u22self-esteem support\u22 from the group they belong to, is lower than those who require \u22affective support\u22 and \u22self-esteem support\u22 simultaneously from the group

Quantitative Proteomics Reveals the Flooding-Tolerance Mechanism in Mutant and Abscisic Acid-Treated Soybean

Flooding negatively affects the growth of soybean, and several flooding-specific stress responses have been identified; however, the mechanisms underlying flooding tolerance in soybean remain unclear. To explore the initial flooding tolerance mechanisms in soybean, flooding-tolerant mutant and abscisic acid (ABA)-treated plants were analyzed. In the mutant and ABA-treated soybeans, 146 proteins were commonly changed at the initial flooding stress. Among the identified proteins, protein synthesis-related proteins, including nascent polypeptide-associated complex and chaperonin 20, and RNA regulation-related proteins were increased in abundance both at protein and mRNA expression. However, these proteins identified at the initial flooding stress were not significantly changed during survival stages under continuous flooding. Cluster analysis indicated that glycolysis- and cell wall-related proteins, such as enolase and polygalacturonase inhibiting protein, were increased in abundance during survival stages. Furthermore, lignification of root tissue was improved even under flooding stress. Taken together, these results suggest that protein synthesis- and RNA regulation-related proteins play a key role in triggering tolerance to the initial flooding stress in soybean. Furthermore, the integrity of cell wall and balance of glycolysis might be important factors for promoting tolerance of soybean root to flooding stress during survival stages

Effects of anti-auxins on secondary aerenchyma formation in flooded soybean hypocotyls

In flooded hypocotyl of soybean (Glycine max), cell division in phellogen and the elongation of these cells are enhanced, and thereby a secondary aerenchyma with high porosity is produced. Auxin controls cell division and cell elongation in many plants, so we studied its role in secondary aerenchyma development. Soybean plants with fully expanded unifoliolate leaves were flooded for 6 d with solutions (100 μM each) of seven anti-auxins. TIBA, NPA, HFCA, 1-NOA, or CHPAA did not restrict the secondary aerenchyma formation, while MH moderately suppressed the aerenchyma development, and PCIB strongly inhibited the development of phellogen and secondary aerenchyma. However, the endogenous IAA concentrations in the flooded hypocotyls did not increase or decrease relative to the controls until 72 h, when a secondary aerenchyma was observed. From these results, it is unclear whether auxin plays an important role in the process of secondary aerenchyma formation under flooding