6,705 research outputs found
Weibel instability and associated strong fields in a fully 3D simulation of a relativistic shock
Plasma instabilities (e.g., Buneman, Weibel and other two-stream
instabilities) excited in collisionless shocks are responsible for particle
(electron, positron, and ion) acceleration. Using a new 3-D relativistic
particle-in-cell code, we have investigated the particle acceleration and shock
structure associated with an unmagnetized relativistic electron-positron jet
propagating into an unmagnetized electron-positron plasma. The simulation has
been performed using a long simulation system in order to study the nonlinear
stages of the Weibel instability, the particle acceleration mechanism, and the
shock structure. Cold jet electrons are thermalized and slowed while the
ambient electrons are swept up to create a partially developed hydrodynamic
(HD) like shock structure. In the leading shock, electron density increases by
a factor of 3.5 in the simulation frame. Strong electromagnetic fields are
generated in the trailing shock and provide an emission site. We discuss the
possible implication of our simulation results within the AGN and GRB context.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, ApJ Letters, in pres
Synchronization is optimal in non-diagonalizable networks
We consider the problem of maximizing the synchronizability of oscillator
networks by assigning weights and directions to the links of a given
interaction topology. We first extend the well-known master stability formalism
to the case of non-diagonalizable networks. We then show that, unless some
oscillator is connected to all the others, networks of maximum
synchronizability are necessarily non-diagonalizable and can always be obtained
by imposing unidirectional information flow with normalized input strengths.
The extension makes the formalism applicable to all possible network
structures, while the maximization results provide insights into hierarchical
structures observed in complex networks in which synchronization plays a
significant role.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure; minor revisio
Fermi Liquids and the Luttinger Integral
The Luttinger Theorem, which relates the electron density to the volume of
the Fermi surface in an itinerant electron system, is taken to be one of the
essential features of a Fermi liquid. The microscopic derivation of this result
depends on the vanishing of a certain integral, the Luttinger integral , which is also the basis of the Friedel sum rule for impurity models,
relating the impurity occupation number to the scattering phase shift of the
conduction electrons. It is known that non-zero values of with
, occur in impurity models in phases with non-analytic low
energy scattering, classified as singular Fermi liquids. Here we show the same
values, , occur in an impurity model in phases with regular
low energy Fermi liquid behavior. Consequently the Luttinger integral can be
taken to characterize these phases, and the quantum critical points separating
them interpreted as topological.Comment: 5 pages 7 figure
Mixings of 4-quark components in light non-singlet scalar mesons in QCD sum rules
Mixings of 4-quark components in the non-singlet scalar mesons are studied in
the QCD sum rules. We propose a formulation to evaluate the cross correlators
of q\bar q and qq\bar q \bar q operators and to define the mixings of different
Fock states in the sum rule. It is applied to the non-singlet scalar mesons,
a_0 and K_0^\ast. It is found that the 4-quark operators predict lower masses
than the q\bar q operators and that the 4-quark states occupy about 70-90% of
the lowest mass states.Comment: 8 pages, 9 figure
Renormalized parameters and perturbation theory for an n-channel Anderson model with Hund's rule coupling: Asymmetric case
We explore the predictions of the renormalized perturbation theory for an
n-channel Anderson model, both with and without Hund's rule coupling, in the
regime away from particle-hole symmetry. For the model with n=2 we deduce the
renormalized parameters from numerical renormalization group calculations, and
plot them as a function of the occupation at the impurity site, nd. From these
we deduce the spin, orbital and charge susceptibilities, Wilson ratios and
quasiparticle density of states at T=0, in the different parameter regimes,
which gives a comprehensive overview of the low energy behavior of the model.
We compare the difference in Kondo behaviors at the points where nd=1 and nd=2.
One unexpected feature of the results is the suppression of the charge
susceptibility in the strong correlation regime over the occupation number
range 1 <nd <3.Comment: 9 pages, 17 figure
Acceleration Mechanics in Relativistic Shocks by the Weibel Instability
Plasma instabilities (e.g., Buneman, Weibel and other two-stream
instabilities) created in collisionless shocks may be responsible for particle
(electron, positron, and ion) acceleration. Using a 3-D relativistic
electromagnetic particle (REMP) code, we have investigated long-term particle
acceleration associated with relativistic electron-ion or electron-positron jet
fronts propagating into an unmagnetized ambient electron-ion or
electron-positron plasma. These simulations have been performed with a longer
simulation system than our previous simulations in order to investigate the
nonlinear stage of the Weibel instability and its particle acceleration
mechanism. The current channels generated by the Weibel instability are
surrounded by toroidal magnetic fields and radial electric fields. This radial
electric field is quasi stationary and accelerates particles which are then
deflected by the magnetic field.Comment: 17 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ, A full
resolution ot the paper can be found at
http://gammaray.nsstc.nasa.gov/~nishikawa/accmec.pd
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