BLOG INFORMATION CLASSIFICATION

nformation Classification is the categorization of the huge amount of data in an efficient and useful way. In the current scenario data is growing exponentially due to the rise of internet rich applications. One such source of information is the blogs. Blogs are web logs maintained by their authors that contain information related to a certain topic and also contain authors view about that topic. Micro blogs, on the other hands, are variations of blogs that contain smaller data as compared to blogs. Nevertheless, it also contains rich information. In this project, Twitter, a micro blogging website has been targeted to gather information on certain trending topics. The information is in the form of tweets. A tweet is a post or an update on status on the Twitter website. These tweets are extracted using Twitter Search APIs. This data is then classified into different classes based on its content. Using the classified data, features are extracted from the tweets and suggestions are given to the users based on the trending topics

DIRECT VOLTAGE MEASUREMENTS USING BULK ACOUSTIC WAVES IN LiNbO3

Accurate (\u3c 1%) direct measurement of high voltage pulse amplitudes above 10 kilovolts becomes challenging due to voltage breakdown limitations in materials, parasitic impedance effects that can distort the pulse shape, and pickup of extraneous signals resulting from electromagnetic interference effects. A piezoelectric crystal-based bulk acoustic wave sensor using lithium niobate (LiNbO3) that has applications to metrology, research, and power metering was developed to overcome these measurement issues with the factors of scalability, ease of use, and compactness in mind. A Y+36° cut LiNbO3crystal was coupled to two acoustic transducers, where direct current (DC) voltages ranging from 128—1100\u2009V were applied transversely to the crystal. An acoustic wave was used to interrogate the crystal before, during, and after voltage application. Both single and multiple pass measurements were performed and compared to linear piezoelectric theory. A comparison study between Y+36° and 0° X-cut LiNbO3 was performed to evaluate the influence of crystal cut on acoustic propagation. The study was extended to applying alternating current (AC), and pulsed voltages. The measured DC data was compared to a 1-D impedance matrix model that was based on a three port circuit with voltage-induced strain effects inputted as a model parameter. An uncertainty budget was carried out for both crystal cuts and compared. Environmental effects such as pressure and temperature were also measured to determine their influence on the sensor under ambient conditions. Published literature regarding material constants, such as elastic constants and piezoelectric constants, for LiNbO3 do not account for the influence of an electric field. In light of this, measurements of the acoustic velocities and material constants under the presence of a DC electric field were performed up to 896 V. This information was used to develop an uncertainty analysis for the determination of stress-charge form piezoelectric constants e15 and e22. All measured and calculated values were input into a Monte Carlo simulation to determine the error of the strain-charge form piezoelectric constants, dij, and how these new values can be used to predict the voltage sensor response

Evaluation Of The Amazon Rain Forest As A Distributed Target For Satellite Microwave Radiometer Calibration

For over three decades, satellite radars have used the Amazon tropical rain forest as a stable homogeneous and isotropic scattering target for calibration. This thesis extends previous work to consider the use of the Amazon as a blackbody target for passive microwave inter-satellite calibration. The characterization of a natural target for radiometric calibration is a formidable task due to the difficulty in obtaining an absolute brightness temperature standard. Previously, multi-frequency microwave brightness temperatures measured by the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Microwave Imager (TMI) were used to provide multi-year observations in local time windows. Our approach differs in that we will combine the land surface measurements of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer MODIS (on AQUA and TERRA Earth Observing Satellites) with the variable time of day multi-frequency microwave brightness temperatures measured by TMI. There are two principal goals of this research, namely; (1) to characterize the mean multi-frequency polarized (V-pol & H-pol) brightness temperature over the entire Amazon rain forest region at a 0.25 deg spatial resolution in one-hour local time windows, and (2) to determine the corresponding microwave emissivity for this entire region using the land surface temperature data from the MODIS

Clinical profile of ocular trauma in a tertiary care hospital of Southern Rajasthan

Background: Ocular trauma is a major cause of preventable visual impairment and blindness leading to permanent loss of vision and deterioration of quality of life. 90% of the injuries are preventable. Aim of the current study was to study the clinical profile of patients with ocular trauma at a tertiary care hospital in Southern Rajasthan. Current study was a cross- sectional, observational study was conducted at Geetanjali medical college and hospital, Udaipur.Methods: After taking a well-informed consent a generalized detailed history of 108 cases (123 injured eyes) was obtained. Assessment of best corrected visual acuity, near vision, intraocular pressure, slit-lamp evaluation and dilated fundus examination was carried out. Then injury was classified as per BETTS classification. Patients with corneal foreign bodies and chemical injuries were recorded separately. Imaging modalities like ultrasound B-scan, CT-scan and MRI were employed wherever required. Results: Number of males (98) was much higher than females (9) in our study. Male: female ratio was found to be 10.8:1. The most commonly affected age group was 21-30 years, this highlights the alarmingly high incidence of ocular injuries in economically active young males. Farming is the primary occupation across India, hence it deserves a special mention. 22% of injury cases in our study were farm- work related injuries. Farmers need to be educated and provided eye protective equipment during high-risk activities. Laws regarding agricultural code of practice should be implemented and followed.Conclusions: In our study, not a single case out of 108 had used eye protection at the time of injury. Every effort should be made to create awareness regarding use of safety measures during driving and engaging in high-risk occupations. This will help prevent sight-threatening complications of ocular trauma and the deleterious impact on quality of life

Baricitinib in the Treatment of a Critical Patient with COVID-19 Pneumonia: a case report

A 72-year-old male presented to the emergency department with a chief complaint of diarrhea after having tested positive for COVID-19 two days prior. He initially had minimal respiratory complaints, but was eventually transferred to the intensive care unit for acute hypoxic respiratory failure. In addition to dexamethasone, remdesivir, and antibiotics, the patient was treated with baricitinib, a Janus kinase inhibitor that was recently granted emergency use authorization by the Food and Drug Administration for treatment of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. He had an extensive and complicated hospital course and had to be placed on mechanical ventilation, ultimately undergoing tracheostomy. After 78 days of hospitalization, his family withdrew life-sustaining measures and the patient died shortly thereafter. This case details the use of baricitinib for treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia, and demonstrates the need for additional studies regarding the efficacy of this drug

Angiotensin II blockade and aortic-root dilation in Marfan's syndrome

Background: Progressive enlargement of the aortic root, leading to dissection, is the main cause of premature death in patients with Marfan's syndrome. Recent data from mouse models of Marfan's syndrome suggest that aortic-root enlargement is caused by excessive signaling by transforming growth factor (beta) (TGF-(beta)) that can be mitigated by treatment with TGF-(beta) antagonists, including angiotensin II-receptor blockers (ARBs). We evaluated the clinical response to ARBs in pediatric patients with Marfan's syndrome who had severe aortic-root enlargement. Methods: We identified 18 pediatric patients with Marfan's syndrome who had been followed during 12 to 47 months of therapy with ARBs after other medical therapy had failed to prevent progressive aortic-root enlargement. The ARB was losartan in 17 patients and irbesartan in 1 patient. We evaluated the efficacy of ARB therapy by comparing the rates of change in aortic-root diameter before and after the initiation of treatment with ARBs. Results: The mean (+/-SD) rate of change in aortic-root diameter decreased significantly from 3.54+/-2.87 mm per year during previous medical therapy to 0.46+/-0.62 mm per year during ARB therapy (P<0.001). The deviation of aortic-root enlargement from normal, as expressed by the rate of change in z scores, was reduced by a mean difference of 1.47 z scores per year (95% confidence interval, 0.70 to 2.24; P<0.001) after the initiation of ARB therapy. The sinotubular junction, which is prone to dilation in Marfan's syndrome as well, also showed a reduced rate of change in diameter during ARB therapy (P<0.05), whereas the distal ascending aorta, which does not normally become dilated in Marfan's syndrome, was not affected by ARB therapy. Conclusions: In a small cohort study, the use of ARB therapy in patients with Marfan's syndrome significantly slowed the rate of progressive aortic-root dilation. These findings require confirmation in a randomized trial

Real-world observational study to capture demographic details of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background: To understand the demographic profile of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and to evaluate the glycaemic status and initial treatment choices in this subset of T2DM patients.Methods: The ROD-IT-2 study was a real-world, retrospective, cross-sectional, observational study conducted at various centres across India between April 2021 and March 2022. The study outcomes included epidemiology, comorbidities, and management strategies preferred by Indian clinicians in these patients.Results: Data from 29,550 newly diagnosed T2DM patients were analyzed. The mean age of patients was 53.3 years, and majority were males (65%). Majority of patients (63.85%) were aged 40 to 60 years. More than half (53.11%) of the patients were either overweight (36.65%) or obese (16.76%). The mean glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was high (8.4%). Most (88.5%) patients had cardio-renal comorbidities. Hypertension was the most common comorbidity (45.7%) followed by dyslipidemia (32.1%). Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was also present in 31.2% patients. In the present study, 9.2% patients presented with microvascular complications at the time of diagnosis. Majority of newly diagnosed patients (79.7%) were treated with combination therapy. In patients who were prescribed dual drug combination therapy, metformin + dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP4i) was the preferred combination (42.71%)  followed by metformin + sulfonylurea (31.37%).Conclusions: ROD-IT-2 study showed that mean HbA1c levels in T2DM patients still remain high in our population and cardio-renal comorbidities remain prevalent in newly diagnosed patients. Indian clinicians were found to prefer the combination therapy in newly diagnosed T2DM patients

PART I: OPTIMIZATION OF HYDRALAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE IMMEDIATE RELEASE LAYER IN ANTIHYPERTENSIVE BILAYER TABLET

Objective: Aim of the present study was the optimization of the immediate release (IR) layer containing hydralazine hydrochloride (HHC) 25 mg and compressed with a sustained-release (SR) layer of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) 40 mg to decrease the dosing frequency. Methods: In this study, Drug-excipients compatibility study was carried out by FT-IR and a preliminary trial was conducted for screening of super disintegrating agents. The amount of sodium starch glycolate (SSG) (X1) and the amount of ac-di-sol® (X2) was chosen as independent variables in 32 full factorial design while wetting time (WT) (Y1), disintegration time (DT) (Y2) and In vitro drug release at 15 min (Q15) (Y3) were taken as dependent variables. Multiple linear regression analysis, ANOVA, and graphical representation of the influence of factor by 3D plots were performed by using sigma plot 13.0. In the present study, the following constraints were used for the selection of an optimized batch: WT&lt;16 s, DT&lt;25 s, and Q15&gt;90%. To validate the evolved mathematical models, a checkpoint batch was selected from its desirability value. Results: FT-IR spectra show that the drug and excipients were compatible with each other. The calculated F values found for WT, DT, and Q15 were 045.559, 077.100 and 278.760, respectively. All Calculated F values are greater than tabulated values for all dependent variables. Prepared checkpoint was selected from its desirability value 0.935 and it gives a 100% drug release within 30 min. Conclusion: These results confirm that the prepared HHC 25 mg IR layer is used for rapid control of hypertension

Design of Experiment Centered Multivariate Optimization Strategy for RP-HPLC Method to Quantitate Retapamulin in Topical Cream and Microemulsion

Background: Retapamulin is the first pleuromutilin antibacterial approved for the treatment of impetigo. The objective of the current research was to utilize the design of experiments approach for development and optimization of robust RP-HPLC method for the quantitation of Retapamulin in marketed cream and in-house developed microemulsion based formulations with an oily matrix. Methods: The impact of various chromatographic conditions (independent variables) was assessed using Plackett–Burman design on critical analytical attributes (response) to screen initial experimental conditions. The Box-Behnken design was employed to optimize the selected chromatographic factors on the responses. Further, validation of optimized RP-HPLC was carried out as per the ICHQ2(R1) guideline. Results: Pareto ranking analysis showed that % organic phase, flow rate, and volume of injection were found statistically significant (p &lt; 0.05) variables influencing the retention time, number of plates, and tailing of the Retapamulin peak. The optimized RP-HPLC method with the stationary phase, C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column, and mobile phase as a mixture of methanol and potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate buffer (50 mM, pH 7.0, 90:10 % v/v, isocratic), the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, 10 μL injection volume, 25°C column oven temperature, 247 nm as detection wavelength, was successfully validated based on ICHQ2(R1) guideline. Conclusion: RP-HPLC method was successfully used to separate (retention time 4.34 ± 0.2 min)and assay Retapamulin in microemulsion and marketed cream. The outcomes of the investigation exhibited the effective application of a multivariant approach in the optimization of the RP-HPLCfor routine analysis of Retapamulin

A Level Dependent Authentication for IoT Paradigm

The Internet of Things (IoT) based services are getting a widespread expansion in all the directions and dimensions of the 21st century. The IoT based deployment involves an internet-connected sensor, mobiles, laptops, and other networking and computing de- vices. In most IoT based applications, the sensor collects the data and communicates it to the end-user via gateway device or fog device over a precarious internet channel. The attacker can use this open channel to capture the sensing device or the gateway device to collect the IoT data or control the IoT system. For a long time, numerous researchers are working towards designing the authentication mechanism for the sen- sor network to achieve reliable and computationally feasible security. For the resource constraint environment of the IoT, it is essential to design reliable, ecient, and secure authentication protocol. In this paper, we propose a novel approach of authentication in the IoT paradigm called a Level-Dependent Authentication(LDA). In the LDA protocol, we propose a security reliable and resource ecient key sharing mechanism in which users at level li can communicate with the sensor at level lj if and only if the level of user in the organizational hierarchy is lower or equal to the level of sensor deployment. We pro- vide a security analysis for the proposed LDA protocol using random oracle based games & widely accepted AVISPA tools. We prove mutual authentication for the proposed protocol using BAN logic. In this paper, we also discuss a comparative analysis of the proposed protocol with other existing IoT authentication systems based on communica- tion cost, computation cost, and security index. We provide an implementation for the proposed protocol using a globally adopted IoT protocol called MQTT protocol. Finally, we present the collected data related to the networking parameters like throughput and round trip delay