Effect of Different Implant Abutment Materials on Optical Properties of Translucent Monolithic Zirconia Crowns

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of implant abutment color on the final shade of monolithic translucent zirconia crowns. The null hypothesis was that abutment color or brand of zirconia would have no effect on color of monolithic translucent zirconia crowns.Material and methods: A maxillary right central incisor implant (Nobel Replace Trilobe RP) in a dentoform model was used to mill customized abutments of titanium, gold-anodized titanium, pink-anodized titanium, and zirconium dioxide. An A2 dentin shade polymethyl methacrylate abutment was used as a control. Four types of zirconia systems (BruxZir Anterior; Glidewell Laboratories, LAVA Plus High translucency zirconia; 3M ESPE, e.max ZirCAD MT; Ivoclar, Katana Zirconia HT; Kuraray Noritake) of Y-TZP were used to make 80, monolithic CAD-CAM crowns in shade A2 with 1mm thickness (20 per group). The color measurements were made using opaque try in paste as the cementing medium. The measurements were made at the mid-facial position with a spectrophotometer using a custom positioning index for reproducibility. Color differences (∆E*ab) between the test and control specimens were calculated. The data were analyzed with two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and compared with the Tukey post hoc test (α= 0.05).Results: According to the 2-way ANOVA results, the type of abutment material, zirconia system, and interaction of these variables significantly influenced the ∆E values. Clinically unacceptable measurements (∆E \u3e4.0) were observed for all translucent zirconia systems against metallic abutments except for the Katana HT group. For the zirconia systems investigated, use of titanium or gold hued titanium did not register significant color differences.Conclusion: Color differences for all zirconia systems were below clinically perceptible levels (∆E \u3c2.5) when placed on zirconia abutments. The highest color change was observed for the pink hue titanium abutment group

A bioinformatics analysis of contributors to false discovery for a mouse genotyping array

Microarray experiments employing massively-parallel hybridization are valuable for the study of genetic variation, however, errors during hybridization and limitations of single-species design must be considered for use within and across species. The Mouse Diversity Genotyping Array (MDGA) is a low cost, high-resolution microarray with probes that bind to target DNA for variant detection. Errors associated with probe design and incomplete protein removal from target DNA lead to false discovery and thus necessitate examination of probe suitability and target DNA availability. Bioinformatics methods were used to carry out confirmation of probe annotations, assessment of DNA accessibility for hybridization to probes, and prediction of the theoretical ability of MDGA probes to hybridize cross-species to naked mole-rat genomic DNA. The results are a filtered probe list demonstrated to reduce false discovery, a suggested approach to assess biases arising from protein-bound DNA, and predictions for cross-species application of the MDGA to naked mole-rat samples

Abundance, Diversity and Importance of Some Insects in Grasslands of Indian Arid Zone

Grasslands in arid regions are home to a large number of species of insects, which are well adapted to living in this ecosystem. Insects constitute a major part of the total faunal biodiversity of these grasslands and provide valuable ecosystem services such as pollination, decomposition, nutrient recycling, being important links in the food chain, etc. Diversity of entomofauna is a good criteria for judging the health of a grassland. However this diversity has not yet been properly studied. In the present study, attempt was made to unravel the diversity of some groups of insects in the grasslands of Indian arid zone. The results of this study have been presented in this paper

How do People From the Indian Gujarati Community Make Sense of Help-Seeking for Mental Health Problems

Background: Ensuring equal access and good quality care for minority ethnic groups has been a long standing concern for mental health services in the UK. The South Asian community are a minority group who are significantly under-represented in mental health services. Various factors have been suggested to account for their limited help-seeking. However, the existing research concerning South Asian communities has homogenised this group, this is problematic as it does not allow for the heterogeneity between South Asian subgroups to be attended to. Little is known about how individual South Asian subgroups, make sense of help-seeking for mental health problems. The objectives of this study were to explore how the Indian Gujarati community, a specific South Asian subgroup, understand mental health, where they go to seek help for mental health problems and the factors that facilitate or hinder them in seeking help. Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine Indian Gujarati people recruited from the community. Transcripts were analysed employing thematic analysis underpinned by a critical realist epistemology. Results: Five main themes emerged from the analysis: ‘Constructions and causes of mental health problems’; ‘Religion: An integral role’; ‘Family: Honour and reputation’; ‘Community: A means of support & safety and ‘Professional services: Challenges and vision’. Conclusions: Participants’ reported family and community to be the sources from which they would seek help from for mental health problems. Religion was viewed as being fundamental in both understanding and managing distress. A number of barriers were identified as impeding help-seeking from the statutory services in this community. Integration of community groups and statutory services was highlighted as being vital in improving access and appropriateness of services. The implications of the findings at clinical, service and research level are discussed

An Empirical Assessment of Users\u27 Information Security Protection Behavior towards Social Engineering Breaches

User behavior is one of the most significant information security risks. Information Security is all about being aware of who and what to trust and behaving accordingly. Due to technology becoming an integral part of nearly everything in people\u27s daily lives, the organization\u27s need for protection from security threats has continuously increased. Social engineering is the act of tricking a user into revealing information or taking action. One of the riskiest aspects of social engineering is that it depends mainly upon user errors and is not necessarily a technology shortcoming. User behavior should be one of the first apprehensions when it comes to social engineering. Unfortunately, there are few specific studies to understand factors that affect users\u27 information security protection behavior towards social engineering breaches. The focus of the information security literature is shifting from technology to user behavior in recent times. SETA (Security Education Training Awareness) program aids organizations in teaching their users about information security issues and expectations to prevent information security breaches. Information security policies depict the rules and regulations that everyone must follow utilizing an organization\u27s information technology resources. This research study used Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) combined with the SETA program and security policies to determine factors that affect users\u27 information security protection behavior towards social engineering breaches. This research study was an empirical and quantitative study to congregate data utilizing a web survey and PLS-SEM (Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling) technique. As a result, the research study supported all three hypotheses associated with fear, including a positive impact of perceived severity on fear, perceived vulnerability on fear, and fear on protection motivation. Moreover, the research study substantiated the positive impact of perceived severity, perceived vulnerability, and response efficacy on protection motivation. Furthermore, the research study also confirmed the positive impact of protection motivation and the SETA program on protection behavior. The findings of this research study derived that, unswerving with the literature, social engineering has arisen as one of the biggest threats in information security. This research study explored factors impacting users\u27 information security protection behavior towards social engineering breaches. Support of all hypotheses for fear appeal is a substantial contribution in view of a lesser-researched fear appeal in preceding research using PMT. This research study provided the groundwork for encouraging and nurturing users\u27 information security protection behavior to prevent social engineering breaches. Finally, this research study contributes to the increasing phenomenon of social engineering in practice and future research

Exclusive transabdominal trans-amniotic approach for chorionic villus sampling in posterior placenta: a novel approach for prenatal diagnosis of genetic disorders

Background: The objective of the study was to evaluate role and safety of transabdominal trans-amniotic approach for Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) for prenatal diagnosis of genetic disorders.Methods: Retrospective analytical study carried out on data form couples coming for pre-natal diagnosis from January 2010 to February 2021. Patient related parameters like age, gestational age; procedure related parameters like amount of sample, number of attempts required; different genetic disorder diagnosed and complications by both the approaches of CVS were recorded and analyzed.Results: Total 2287 patients undergoing CVS with mean age of 27±3.3 years were included. Majority (1621;70.9%) had CVS procedure at gestational age of 12-14 weeks. On analyzing physician’s perception, 663 (29%) patients having complete posterior placenta could not be accessible with routine trans-abdominal CVS and opted for trans-amniotic approach. Amount of sample yield and number of attempts were not statistically significant (p>0.05) by both methods of CVS. Thalassemia major was found in 948 (41.45%) followed by thalassemia minor in 525 (22.96%) patients. No statistically significant difference was found for developing complications by both the methods (p>0.05). Most common complication was pain and discomfort which was relieved by simple analgesics. Out of total 17 (0.74%) abortions; 13 (0.80%) from routine transabdominal and 4 (0.60%) from trans-amniotic route CVS with no statistically significant difference among them (p>0.05). No case of post procedure infection was observed.Conclusions: In complete posterior placenta CVS procedures usually postponed by most physicians leading to delay in diagnosis of genetic disorders. The novel method transabdominal trans-amniotic approach for CVS is effective and safe in skilled hands and can help in early prenatal diagnosis of genetic disorders.

Coordinating Individual Development Accounts and the Workforce Investment Act to Increase Access to Postsecondary Education and Training

Coordinating Individual Development Accounts and the Workforce Investment Act to Increase Access to Postsecondary Education and Trainin

The use of recently developed mass spectrometry-based proteomic approaches for the study of methylocella silvestris BL2

The study of the protein complement, termed proteomics, has advanced over the last twenty years as a consequence of developments in mass spectrometry. Currently, improvements in mass spectrometry-based approaches are targeted towards achieving information on both the identity and abundance of proteins. Increased numbers of protein identifications are obtained by simplifying the analyte of interest. This can be achieved with the use of separation techniques, including two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC). Ion mobility coupled to mass spectrometry has recently been shown to be a useful post-ionisation separation tool for proteomic studies. The utility of these technologies for obtaining both qualitative and quantitative information is not extensively addressed in the current literature. The use of a recently developed 2D-LC system, together with a method of ion mobility separation and a label-free quantitative approach for proteomic studies has been evaluated here for characterising the proteome of the bacterium Methylocella silvestris. This bacterium is the first methane-utilising bacteria also discovered to grow on substrates containing carbon-carbon bonds, and has great biotechnological potential. The metabolism of this bacterium was studied by obtaining information on its soluble proteome when grown with methane, propane, succinate, acetate, methanol, methylamine or trimethylamine. The benefits and limitations of 2D-LC and ion mobility for profiling and labelfree quantitative studies were demonstrated for simple mixtures and complex bacterial extracts. The combination of both 2D-LC and ion mobility was also achieved, resulting in wider proteome coverage when compared to the respective stand-alone approaches. A cluster of expressed genes that were greatly up-regulated under trimethylamine growth and monomethylamine growth were proposed to be involved in the indirect pathway for trimethylamine metabolism. It was further verified that one of these genes expresses the previously unidentified trimethylamine monooxygenase. A propane assimilation route was proposed, based on information obtained on the levels of primary oxidation enzymes and downstream central metabolic pathways

Dermatological disorders during pregnancy: a study from tertiary care hospital

Background: Various types of physiological and pathological mucocutaneous changes are commonly observed during pregnancy. Infectious, non-infectious and pregnancy specific dermatoses are seen during pregnancy. This study was carried out with an aim of studying association of various dermatosis with pregnancy and to find out incidence of pregnancy specific dermatoses v/s non-specific dermatosis.Methods: Total 131 pregnant female presenting with complain of skin lesions were included in study. Detail examination and necessary investigations were carried out to diagnose type of skin disease.Results: Out of 131 patients, only 11(8.4%) patients presented with pregnancy specific dermatoses while rest 120 (91.6%) presented with pregnancy non-specific dermatoses. Among pregnancy non-specific dermatoses, non-infectious conditions were found in 48.1% and 43.5% presented with infectious dermatoses. Most common infectious dermatoses was herpes labialis while most common non-infectious dermatosis was pruritus. Conclusions: Pregnancy specific dermatoses are rare and require vigilant eye to recognize them while wide variety of pregnancy non-specific dermatoses are commonly encountered and require prompt diagnosis and treatment for uneventful pregnancy outcome