An IoT-Based Beehive Monitoring System for Real-Time Monitoring of Apis cerana indica Colonies

A study was conducted to monitor the bee activity in the colonies of diferente strengths in real time using an IoT-based device. The in-hive temperature and relative humidity were measured in the colonies of Apis cerana indica Fabricius of different strengths using the sensor-laden IoT device that was correlated with the movement of foragers into and out of the hive. A significantly higher movement of foragers was recorded at an in-hive temperature and relative humidity of 27.84 ºC and 61.47% at 5-6 p.m. with an observed activity of 9,638 bees/hive/hour in the strong colonies. In the weak colonies, the mean forager activity was 1,436.3 bees/hive/hour, which was recorded at an in-hive temperature of 26.52 ºC and 61.42% relative humidity. The mean honey area in the strong and weak colonies were 1,300.80±177.61 cm2 and 508.80±156.84 cm2, respectively. Pollen area in the strong and weak colonies were 447.60±112.08 cm2 and 116.20±66.43 cm2, respectively. In the strong and weak colonies, the area under egg brood was 470±53.06 cm2 and 88.20±36.85 cm2, larvae brood was 583.40±11.04 cm2 and 80.00±24.67 cm2 and sealed brood was 684.20±57.98 cm2 and 102.80±16.59 cm2, respectively. The real-time data on the movement of foragers in the colonies of different strengths enabled us to undertake timely intervention in the maintenance of the bee colonies

2009 Swine-Origin Influenza A (H1N1) Resembles Previous Influenza Isolates

Background: In April 2009, novel swine-origin influenza viruses (S-OIV) were identified in patients from Mexico and the United States. The viruses were genetically characterized as a novel influenza A (H1N1) strain originating in swine, and within a very short time the S-OIV strain spread across the globe via human-to-human contact. Methodology: We conducted a comprehensive computational search of all available sequences of the surface proteins of H1N1 swine influenza isolates and found that a similar strain to S-OIV appeared in Thailand in 2000. The earlier isolates caused infections in pigs but only one sequenced human case, A/Thailand/271/2005 (H1N1). Significance: Differences between the Thai cases and S-OIV may help shed light on the ability of the current outbreak strain to spread rapidly among humans

Simulation and Synthesis of Efficient Majority Logic Fault Detector Using EG-LDPC Codes to Reduce Access Time for Memory Applications

This paper presents an error-detection method for Euclidean Geometry low density parity check codes with majority logic decoding methodology in VHDL language and the output is verified with the help of Xilinx12.1. Majority logic decodable codes are suitable for memory applications due to their capability to correct a large number of errors. However, they require a large decoding time that impacts memory performance. The proposed fault-detection method significantly reduces memory access time when there is no error in the data read. The technique uses the majority logic decoder itself to detect failures, which makes the area overhead minimal and keeps the extra power consumption low. Starting from the original design of the ML decoder introduced, the proposed ML Detector/Decoder (MLDD) has been implemented using the Euclidean Geometry low density parity check codes. The proposed improved majority logic detector/decoder to perform data error correction in simple way using additional error correction technique and also reducing the delay time by detecting the errors in parallel manner. Hence the decoding process uses less number of cycles which reduces the delay

Dose and Time-dependent Alterations in Various Cholinergic and Non-cholinergic Markers after Organophosphate Poisoning: Possible Role in Diagnosis

Toxicity of organophosphates (OP) is mainly ascribed to inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme at the cholinergic synapses. This results in cholinergic crisis leading to various muscarinic, nicotinic and central effects. Additionally, there are several non-cholinergic effects of OP which are likely to exacerbate the toxicity and complicate diagnosis. The present study reports the dose (0.125 - 4.0 LD50) and time (1 h - 14 d)- dependent acute effect of diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate (DFP) on mice body weight, organ-body weight index (brain), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and β-glucoronidase (BG) activity in plasma, AChE activity, reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in brain, and DNA damage in brain (agarose gel electrophoresis) and blood (comet assay). The study reveals a dose and time- dependent BChE inhibition up to 24 h and AChE inhibition up to 7 d. However, elevated BG levels were observed up to 1 h only after 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 LD50 DFP. Diminished GSH levels up to 24 h and increased MDA levels at 4 h indicated oxidative stress. None of the treatments produced any DNA damage in soft tissues. In addition to cholinesterase, the study suggests possible relevance of measuring BG levels (non-cholinergic marker) in the diagnosis of OP poisoning

N-terminus of pro-EMAP II regulates its binding with C-terminus, Arginyl-tRNA Synthetase, and Neurofilament light protein

Pro-EMAP II, one component of the Multi-Aminoacyl tRNA Synthetase (MSC) Complex, plays multiple roles in physiological and pathological processes of protein translation, signal transduction, immunity, lung development and tumor growth. Recent studies determined that pro-EMAP II has an essential role in maintaining axon integrity in central and peripheral neural systems where deletion of pro-EMAP IIs C-terminus was reported in a consanguineous Israeli Bedouin kindred suffering from Pelizaeus-Merzbacher-like disease. We hypothesized that pro-EMAP IIs N-terminus had an important role in the regulation of protein-protein interactions. Using a GFP reporter system, we defined a putative leucine-zipper in the N-terminus of human pro-EMAP II protein (amino acid residues 1-70), which can form specific strip-like punctate structures. Through GFP punctate analysis, we uncovered that pro-EMAP IIs C-terminus (147-312 amino acid residues) can repress the GFP punctate formation. Pull-down assays confirmed the binding between pro-EMAP II N-terminus and its C-terminus is mediated by a putative leucine-zipper. Furthermore, the pro-EMAP II 1-70 aa region was identified as the binding partner of the arginyl-tRNA synthetase (RARS), a polypeptide of MSC complex. We also determined that the punctate GFP pro-EMAP II 1-70aa aggregate co-localizes and binds to the neurofilament light (NFL) subunit protein that is associated with pathologic neurofilament network disorganization and degeneration of motor neurons. These findings indicate the structure and binding interaction of Pro-EMAP II protein and suggest a role of this protein in the pathological neurodegenerative diseases

K-band Spectroscopy of Clusters in NGC 4038/4039

Integral field spectroscopy in the K-band (1.9-2.4um) was performed on four IR-bright star clusters and the two nuclei in NGC 4038/4039 (``The Antennae''). Two of the clusters are located in the overlap region of the two galaxies, and together comprise ~25% of the total 15um and ~10% of the total 4.8 GHz emission from this pair of merging galaxies. The other two clusters, each of them spatially resolved into two components, are located in the northern galaxy, one in the western and one in the eastern loop of blue clusters. Comparing our analysis of Brgamma, CO band-heads, He I (2.058um), Halpha (from archival HST data), and V-K colors with stellar population synthesis models indicates that the clusters are extincted (A_V ~ 0.7 - 4.3 mags) and young, displaying a significant age spread (4-13 Myrs). The starbursts in the nuclei are much older (65 Myrs), with the nucleus of NGC 4038 displaying a region of recent star formation northward of its K-band peak. Using our derived age estimates and assuming the parameters of the IMF (Salpeter slope, upper mass cut-off of 100 M_sun, Miller-Scalo between 1 M_sun and 0.1 M_sun), we find that the clusters have masses between 0.5 and 5 * 10^6M_sun.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, ApJ accepte