Konsentrasi Klorofil Pada Beberapa Varietas Tanaman Puring (Codiaeum Varigatum L.)

Tanaman puring memiliki varietas yang sangat banyak dan terdapat sekitar 260 varietas puring yang ada di Indonesia. Puring merupakan tanaman yang memiliki warna dan bentuk daun yang beragam seperti kuning, hijau, merah dan coklat sehingga tanaman puring dimanfaatkan sebagai tanaman hias warna-warni tersebut disebabkan karena adanya bermacam-macam pigmen warna didalam daun. Dalam proses fotosintesis klorofil atau pigmen hijau daun sangat diperlukan sehingga setiap daun sangat membutuhkan klorofil. Belum ada data yang menunjukkan apakah perbedaan dominansi warna pigmen daun juga mengandung perbedaan kandungan klorofilnya. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji pengaruh perbedaan warna daun pada 9 varietas dan perbedaan umur tanaman terhadap kandungan klorofil tanaman puring (puring cobra, puring spageti lokal, puring bor merah, puring jengkol, puring jempol, puring jet merah, puring kura-kura moncolor, puring bor cristata, puring lele) dan perbedaan umur daun tanaman terhadap kandungan klorofilnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa daun pada umur 3 bulan kandungan klorofilnya sama pada semua varietas baik kandungan konsentrasi klorofil total, klorofil a maupun klorofil b. Pada 3 varietas (puring cobra, puring spageti lokal dan puring bor merah) daun yang telah berumur 8 bulan mengandung konsentrasi klorofil total dan klorofil a yang berbeda antara daun muda dan daun tua sedangkan konsentrasi korofil b tidak berbeda pada semua varietas.Croton plants has so many varieties. Around 260 varieties of Croton plants are found in Indonesia. Croton plant is a plant with various color leaves such as yellow, green, red and brown which make Croton plant is used to be a house-plant. Those colors exist because of many color pigment in leaf. Every leaf needs chlorophyll or green pigment in photosynthesis process. There is no data that shows different color leaves contain different amount of chlorophyll. This research is done in order to find out the effects of difference in color leaves and plants age towards chlorophyll contents in Croton plants (puring cobra, puring spageti lokal, puring bor merah, puring jengkol, puring jempol, puring jet merah, puring kura-kura moncolor, puring bor cristata, puring lele) and different leaves age towards chlorophyll contents. The results showed that the leaf at the age of 3 months has the same chlorophyll contents whether in total chlorophyll, a chlorophyll ad b chlorophyll with the other varieties. The leaf in the age of 8 months in 3 varieties (puring cobra, puring spageti lokal dan puring bor merah) contains different consentration of total chlorophyll and a chlorophyll between young leaves and older leaves while the concentration of b chlorophyll does not differ at all varieties

Jumlah Akar Adventif Pada Padi Lokal Sulawesi Utara Yang Mengalami Genangan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji respon morfologi padi lokal Sulawesi Utara (varietas Ombong, Temo, TB, Sultan),yang mengalami genangan selama 20 hari pada fase vegetatif berdasarkan jumlah akar adventif. Pot yang berisi tanaman padi berumur 42 hari dimasukkan ke dalam ember yang telah terisi air dan tanaman terendam setinggi 27 cm di atas permukaan media. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor varietas, faktor waktu, dan interaksi antara faktor varietas dan faktor waktu menyebabkan perbedaan jumlah akar adventif yang nyata

Konsentrasi Klorofil Daun Padi pada Saat Kekurangan Air yang Diinduksi dengan Polietilen Glikol

KONSENTRASI KLOROFIL DAUN PADI PADA SAAT KEKURANGAN AIR YANG DIINDUKSI DENGAN POLIETILEN GLIKOL ABSTRAK Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai konsentrasi klorofil daun padi (Oryza sativa L.) kultivar Serayu dan IR 64 pada saat kekurangan air yang diinduksi dengan polietilen glikol (PEG). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan konsentrasi klorofil total, klorofil a dan klorofil b pada daun padi pada saat kekurangan air yang diinduksi dengan PEG 8000 dengan mengkultur tanaman padi pada medium dengan potensial air (PA) 0; -0,5 dan -1 MPa. Sampel helaian daun (lamina) untuk tiap perlakuan diambil sebanyak 1 g, dihaluskan dengan mortar dan pestel, lalu diekstraksi dengan alkohol 95% sampai semua klorofil terlarut. Ekstrak disaring dan supernatan ditampung dalam labu ukur 100 ml, lalu ditambahkan alkohol 95% sampai 100 ml. Konsentrasi klorofil diukur dengan spektrofotometer pada panjang gelombang 649 dan 665 nm. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh, tanaman padi kultivar Serayu dan IR 64 mulai mengalami kekeringan pada PEG dengan PA -0,5 MPa dengan ciri-ciri daun yang kering, menggulung dan batang yang berwarna kecoklatan. Perbedaan konsentrasi klorofil total, klorofil a, dan klorofil b pada daun padi kultivar Serayu dan IR 64 diamati pada PEG dengan PA 0; -0,5 dan -0,1 MPa. Kata kunci: konsentrasi klorofil, polietilen glikol (PEG), kekurangan air, padi kultivar Serayu dan IR 64 THE CHLOROPHYLL CONCENTRATION IN RICE LEAVES UNDER POLYETHYLENE-GLYCOL- INDUCED WATER DEFICIT ABSTRACT A research was conducted to evaluate the concentrations of total clorophyll, chlorophyll a and clorophyll b in rice (Oryza sativa L.) leaves under polyethylene-glycol-induced water deficit. The water deficit was induced by culturing the plants in medium containing polyethylene glycol (PEG) 8000 with water potential (PA) 0;-0,5; and -1 MPa for 2 days. Leaf lamina (1 g) was sampled from each treatment at day 0 and 2. Each sample was ground using porcelain mortar and pestle, and extracted with 95% ethanol until all chlorophyll was dissolved. The extract was filtered, the supernatant was collected in 100 ml flask and added with 95% ethanol until 100 ml. The chlorophyll concentration was measured using spechtrophotometer at 649 and 665 nm. The dry and rolled leaves and brown stems were observed in cultivar Serayu and IR 64 that were cultivated in media containing PEG with PA -0,5 and -1,0 MPa. The concentrations of total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a and b in leaves of cultivar Serayu and IR 64 cultivated in media containing PEG with PA 0; -0,5 and -1,0 MPa were different

Surfactant induced smooth and symmetric interfaces in Cu/Co multilayers

In this work we studied Ag surfactant induced growth of Cu/Co multilayers. The Cu/Co multilayers were deposited using Ag surfactant by ion beam sputtering technique. It was found that Ag surfactant balances the asymmetry between the surface free energy of Cu and Co. As a result, the Co-on-Cu and Cu-on-Co interfaces become sharp and symmetric and thereby improve the thermal stability of the multilayer. On the basis of obtained results, a mechanism leading to symmetric and stable interfaces in Cu/Co multilayers is discussed.Comment: 7 Pages, 7 Figure

Gauge dependence and matching procedure of a nonrelativistic QED/QCD boundstate formalism

A nonrelativistic boundstate formalism used in contemporary calculations is investigated. It is known that the effective Hamiltonian of the boundstate system depends on the choice of gauge. We obtain the transformation charge Q of the Hamiltonian for an arbitrary infinitesimal change of gauge, by which gauge independence of the mass spectrum and gauge dependences of the boundstate wave functions are dictated. We give formal arguments based on the BRST symmetry supplemented by power countings of Coulomb singularities of diagrams. For illustration: (1)we calculate Q up to O(1/c), (2)we examine gauge dependences of diagrams for a decay of a qqbar boundstate up to O(1/c) and show that cumbersome gauge cancellations can be circumvented by directly calculating Q. As an application we point out that the present calculations of top quark momentum distribution in the ttbar threshold region are gauge dependent. We also show possibilities for incorrect calculations of physical quantities of boundstates when the on-shell matching procedure is employed. We give a proof of a justification for the use of the equation of motion to simplify the form of a local NRQCD Lagrangian. The formalism developed in this work will provide useful cross checks in computations involving NRQED/NRQCD boundstates.Comment: 30 pages, 15 figures (ver1); Presentations of Introduction and Conclusion were modified substantially, although none of our findings have been changed; Side remarks have been added in various parts of the paper. (ver2); Supplementary remarks and minor corrections (ver3

CAMK2-Dependent Signaling in Neurons Is Essential for Survival

Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CAMK2) is a key player in synaptic plasticity and memory formation. Mutations in Camk2a or Camk2b cause intellectual disability in humans, and severe plasticity and learning deficits in mice, indicating unique functions for each isoform. However, considering the high homology between CAMK2A and CAMK2B, it is conceivable that for critical functions, one isoform compensates for the absence of the other, and that the full functional spectrum of neuronal CAMK2 remains to be revealed.Here we show that germline as well as adult deletion of both CAMK2 isoforms in male or female mice is lethal. Moreover, Ca2+-dependent activity as well as autonomous activity of CAMK2 is essential for survival. Loss of both CAMK2 isoforms abolished LTP, whereas synaptic transmission remained intact. The double-mutants showed no gross morphological changes of the brain, and in contrast to the long-considered role for CAMK2 in the structural organization of the postsynaptic density (PSD), deletion of both CAMK2 isoforms did not affect the biochemical composition of the PSD. Together, these results reveal an essential role for CAMK2 signaling in early postnatal development as well as the mature brain, and indicate that the full spectrum of CAMK2 requirements cannot be revealed in the single mutants because of partial overlappin

Expression of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase mRNA plays an important role in the prognosis of patients with oesophageal cancer

To clarify the significance of the expression of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase (PyNPase) mRNA as a predictive factor for the prognosis of patients with oesophageal carcinoma, the PyNPase mRNA in the tumours and normal tissues from 55 resected cases of oesophageal carcinoma was examined by a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). As a result, a positive correlation was observed between the tumour/normal (T/N) ratio of the expression of PyNPase mRNA by RT-PCR and that of the enzyme activity of PyNPase based on the findings of an enzyme linked immunosolvent assay (r = 0.594, P = 0.009). The T/N ratio of the expression of PyNPase mRNA was significantly higher in the cases with lymph vessel invasion (P = 0.013), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.0016), and an advanced stage of the disease (P = 0.021) than those without these factors. The patients with a higher T/N ratio of PyNPase mRNA showed significantly worse prognosis than those with a lower T/N ratio (P = 0.023 with log-rank tests). A multivariate analysis for the cumulative survival rates revealed that a high T/N ratio of the expression of PyNPase mRNA was independently related to a poor prognosis. These findings suggested that the determination of PyNPase mRNA by RT-PCR thus appears to be a new useful parameter for identifying both a poor prognosis and a highly malignant potential of oesophageal carcinoma. © 1999 Cancer Research Campaig

High Incidence of Metabolically Active Brown Adipose Tissue in Healthy Adult Humans: Effects of Cold Exposure and Adiposity

OBJECTIVE—The significant roles of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in the regulation of energy expenditure and adiposity are established in small rodents but have been controversial in humans. The objective is to examine the prevalence of metabolically active BAT in healthy adult humans and to clarify the effects of cold exposure and adiposity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—In vivo 2- [ 18 F]fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) uptake into adipose tissue was measured in 56 healthy volunteers (31 male and 25 female subjects) aged 23–65 years by positron emission tomography (PET) combined with X-ray computed tomography (CT). RESULTS—When exposed to cold (19°C) for 2 h, 17 of 32 younger subjects (aged 23–35 years) and 2 of 24 elderly subjects (aged 38–65 years) showed a substantial FDG uptake into adipose tissue of the supraclavicular and paraspinal regions