Métodos convencionais e moleculares para tipagem de Salmonella Typhi isoladas no Brasil

Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of Salmonella Typhi were studied in 30 strains, isolated in different years, from some areas in Brazil. Conventional typing methods were performed by biochemical tests, Vi phage-typing scheme, and antimicrobial susceptibility test. Molecular typing methods were performed by analysis of plasmid DNA and by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD-PCR). For the latter, an optimization step was performed to ensure the reproducibility of the process in genetic characterization of S. Typhi. The predominance of 76.7% of biotype I (xylose +, arabinose -) was noticed in all studied areas. Three phage types were recognized, with prominence for the phage types A (73.3%) and I+IV (23.3%). All the strains were susceptible to the drugs used. However, 36.7% of the strains contained plasmids, with predominance of the 105 Kb plasmid. RAPD was capable of grouping the strains in 8 genotypic patterns using primer 784, in 6, using primer 787 and in 7, using primer 797. Conventional phenotypic typing methods, as well as the DNA plasmid analysis, presented nonsignificant discriminatory power; however, RAPD-PCR analysis showed discriminatory power, reproducibility, easy interpretation and performance, being considered as a promising alternative typing method for S. Typhi.Características fenotípicas e genotípicas de Salmonella Typhi foram estudadas em 30 amostras originárias de certas regiões do Brasil e isoladas em diferentes anos. Os métodos convencionais foram realizados através da tipagem bioquímica, da fagotipagem Vi e do teste de suscetibilidade aos antimicrobianos. Os métodos moleculares foram realizados através das análises do DNA plasmidial e do DNA polimórfico amplificado aleatoriamente (RAPD-PCR). Para este último, uma etapa de otimização foi promovida para garantir a reprodutibilidade do processo na caracterização genotípica das cepas. Foi observada a predominância de 76,7% do biotipo I (xilose +, arabinose -) em todas as regiões consideradas. Três fagotipos foram reconhecidos, com destaque para os fagotipos A (73,3%) e I+IV (23,3%). Todas as amostras demonstraram sensibilidade às drogas testadas. No entanto, 36,7 % das amostras evidenciaram plasmídios, predominando o de 105Kb. RAPD-PCR agrupou as amostras em 8 perfis genotípicos com o iniciador 784, em 6 perfis com o iniciador 787 e em 7, com o iniciador 797. Os métodos convencionais, bem como a análise do DNA plasmidial, não mostraram poder discriminatório significativo; entretanto, a análise por RAPD-PCR mostrou poder discriminatório, reprodutibilidade, fácil interpretação e execução, sendo considerada uma alternativa promissora na tipagem de S. Typhi

The occurrence and dissemination of methicillin and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus in samples from patients and health professionals of a university hospital in Recife, State of Pernambuco, Brazil

Introduction Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains have been responsible for many nosocomial outbreaks. Within hospitals, colonized employees often act as reservoirs for the spread of this organism. This study collected clinical samples of 91 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), hemodialysis/nephrology service and surgical clinic, and biological samples from the nasal cavities of 120 professionals working in those environments, of a University Hospital in Recife, in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil. The main objective of this study was to determine the occurrence and dissemination of methicillin- and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus spp. Methods The isolates obtained were tested for susceptibility to oxacillin and vancomycin and detection of the mecA gene. In addition, the isolates were evaluated for the presence of clones by ribotyping-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results MRSA occurrence, as detected by the presence of the mecA gene, was more prevalent among nursing technicians; 48.1% (13/27) and 40.7% (11/27) of the isolates were from health professionals of the surgical clinic. In patients, the most frequent occurrence of mecA-positive isolates was among the samples from catheter tips (33.3%; 3/9), obtained mostly from the hemodialysis/nephrology service. Eight vancomycin-resistant strains were found among the MRSA isolates through vancomycin screening. Based on the amplification patterns, 17 ribotypes were identified, with some distributed between patients and professionals. Conclusions Despite the great diversity of clones, which makes it difficult to trace the source of the infection, knowledge of the molecular and phenotypic profiles of Staphylococcus samples can contribute towards guiding therapeutic approaches in the treatment and control of nosocomial infections

Conventional and molecular typing of Salmonella typhi strains from Brazil

Submitted by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2019-11-14T11:10:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 BiancaQuintaes_EricaFonseca_etal_IOC_2002.pdf: 131543 bytes, checksum: 6bde448a2a3285a8b4318a5e0b0bbd73 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2019-11-14T11:26:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 BiancaQuintaes_EricaFonseca_etal_IOC_2002.pdf: 131543 bytes, checksum: 6bde448a2a3285a8b4318a5e0b0bbd73 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-11-14T11:26:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BiancaQuintaes_EricaFonseca_etal_IOC_2002.pdf: 131543 bytes, checksum: 6bde448a2a3285a8b4318a5e0b0bbd73 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Departamento de Bacteriologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Curso de Pós-Graduação. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães. Recife, PE, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Departamento de Bacteriologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Departamento de Bacteriologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Departamento de Bacteriologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of Salmonella Typhi were studied in 30 strains, isolated in different years, from some areas in Brazil. Conventional typing methods were performed by biochemical tests, Vi phage-typing scheme, and antimicrobial susceptibility test. Molecular typing methods were performed by analysis of plasmid DNA and by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD-PCR). For the latter, an optimization step was performed to ensure the reproducibility of the process in genetic characterization of S. Typhi. The predominance of 76.7% of biotype I (xylose +, arabinose -) was noticed in all studied areas. Three phage types were recognized, with prominence for the phage types A (73.3%) and I+IV (23.3%). All the strains were susceptible to the drugs used. However, 36.7% of the strains contained plasmids, with predominance of the 105 Kb plasmid. RAPD was capable of grouping the strains in 8 genotypic patterns using primer 784, in 6, using primer 787 and in 7, using primer 797. Conventional phenotypic typing methods, as well as the DNA plasmid analysis, presented nonsignificant discriminatory power; however, RAPD-PCR analysis showed discriminatory power, reproducibility, easy interpretation and performance, being considered as a promising alternative typing method for S. Typhi