LOCAL COMMUNITIES’ AWARENESS AFTER GOLD MINING TERMINATION IN SIJUNJUNG REGENCY, WEST SUMATRA

The research was conducted abandoned gold mining exploration area, situated in Limo Koto Ⅶ, Sijunjung Regency. This study was commenced with the aim of investigating Hg content in water and soil after a decade of mine termination as well as the locals’ dealing with the current environmental issues in which their understanding and perception would be third objective of this research. Therefore, the data collections were starting from December 2022 (the duration was around 2 weeks). Purposive sampling for natural resources, in which soil was sampled randomly at each of the five types of land use then socio-economics data was conducted by cluster sampling method. According to the result, Hg was still contained both in water (well, pond as well as river) and soil (oil palm, paddy, citrus plantations, bush and forest) as well. Hg in soil was ranging from 0.09 ppm to 0.15 ppm which is totally acceptable compared to Indonesia’s soil quality standard, 0.5 ppm (1995). The soil pH found as acidic to highly acidic intensity, the strongest ones could be occurred in the forest where Hg and OM values hit the largest concentration in all sample sites. Alternatively, pH of water >7 was considered basic water type where Hg was between 0.041 ppm and 0.117 ppm, significantly rose not only in International but also Indonesia Standards, 0.001 ppm. The most accumulated area of Hg was in irrigated water; however, BOD and COD values were agreed with the standard guideline. The understanding on this issue, the residents could not correlate with the specific health problems and Hg. Their perceptions on nourishing agricultural products had the positive opinion but a few might be selling those items. While some respondents felt secure consuming water, the others recommended the idea of non-using the water. The locals’ perceptions were more prefer or agree with non-consumption such food sources including water. In spite of increasing Hg concentration in water, the consumption rates were outweighed the non-consumption. Owing to the limited understanding and knowledge of Hg introducing fatal diseases, residents kept utilizing Hg rich water

Experimental Research on Natural Pozzolan as Cement Replacement

This paper presents the properties of motor and concrete with natural pozzolan as partial replacement of cement. In this research, natural pozzolan from Twin Taung, Sagaing Region and local cement (Crown) are used. Firstly, chemical composition of natural pozzolan and Crown cement are analysed. And then the physical properties of local materials used in this research are determined according to ASTM procedure. Partial replacement percentages of pozzolan are considered 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%.The strength of motor and concrete with natural pozzolan (0%,10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%) is tested at 7 days,28 days and 91days. From the trial mix design, the water-cement ratio (0.555) is obtained by using the least square method. To get target strength (4000 psi), by using water cement ratio (0.555) and 68% of maximum aggregate size (20 mm), the concrete mix proportion (1:1.9:3) is obtained.The compressive strength of concrete with various percentages of natural pozzolan at 60 days and 91 days are more than 7 days and 28 days strength. Therefore, it can be concluded that natural pozzolan may be used as cement replacement material when it is not required high strength performance in structures

Possible Solutions to the Challenges of Domestic Water Pricing for Mandalay City

This paper focuses on the possible solutions to the challenges of domestic water pricing in Mandalay City. The current water pricing of Mandalay City is necessary to reform as they cannot cover the operation and maintenance cost of the supply system and cannot expand the water network to the unconnected households. For reforming water pricing, the challenges of domestic water pricing for Mandalay City are identified as eight major challenges based on previous study. For reforming water price, questionnaire survey is done to 286 households from six townships of Mandalay City to know the willingness to pay (WTP) of consumers and price elasticity of domestic water demand is evaluated by using mid-point formula. To solve the challenges of water infrastructure deterioration, public-private- people-partnership (4P) is proposed as one of possible solutions for financial efficiency of the supply system. For reducing non-revenue water (NRW), field survey is done in Daewon ward of Mandalay City as a pilot area to investigate the causes of water losses and then possible solutions are proposed. The possible solutions for remaining six challenges are proposed by studying the secondary academic sources such as papers, journals, and books. In this paper, eight numbers of possible solutions are proposed for the challenges of domestic water pricing in Mandalay City

A STUDY ON SCHOOL FACILITIES OF PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN DAGON MYOTHIT (SEIKKAN) TOWNSHIP (2008/2009 to 2017/2018)

Education is one of the factors which includes in the process of the implementation of the economic development. In this thesis, the descriptive method is used and survey conducted on five primary schools and other necessary data collected from the Education Office in Dagon Myothit (Seikkan) Township. It is found that the numbers of students in the primary level of education increased but the numbers of teachers in the primary level of education did not increase very much. Thus, primary schools face problem such as insufficient number of teachers. It is also found that electronic devices can be used to learn music and dance for students in some primary schools and some primary schools do not have classrooms, desks and chairs adequately. Students in some primary schools are absent from school because students help to get income for their families. It would be better if the Ministry of Education could provide desks, chairs and other teaching and learning materials adequatel

Design and Implementation of A Divider Using Non-restoring Division Algorithm

A complex system, such as a computer system, is seen to be composed with several levels of abstractions. In general, a computer system is seen to be composed of three levels; the gate level, the register level and the processor level. The function of the register level or register-transfer level is to accomplish a single instruction in the Instruction Set Architecture (ISA).The register level plays an important role to define the proper sequence of micro-operations for every ISA instructions. The major objective of this paper is intended to present design and implementation of a divider. This system is based on non-restoring algorithm for unsigned integers. A register level implementation of unsigned division based on the non-restoring algorithm is carried out to highlight the important role of the register level implementation. Parallel Interfacing and Turbo C++ Programming language is used to implement this paper

Reassembling Fragments in Image Reconstruction

The reassembly of fragments to reconstruct images or objects is a problem often encountered in several applications, ranging from archaeology to medicine. In this paper, a method is proposed for reassembling two fragments. This method is based on the border and color information extracted from the fragments, which is used in image reconstruction. Firstly, the feature points of the fragments are extracted and then these feature points are used to find the distance of the fragments. If the distance of the fragments is the same, next stage is to match the color of these fragments. This method is applied to reconstruct an image by combining these same border distances and same color of the fragments. Finally, the complete reconstructed image is attained

Diffusion Length of Radon in Building Materials

The present work aims to find out the diffusion coefficients and diffusion lengths in some brick samples. The diffusion coefficients and diffusion lengths have been calculated using solid state nuclear track detectors (LR-115). The diffusion lengths varied from 55.4×10-3m to 924.8×10-3 m. The calculated values of radon concentration of brick samples varied from 30 ± 18.1467 Bqm-3 to167 ± 37.0239 Bqm-3 . The diffusion coefficients varied from 0.0065×10-6 m 2 s -1 to 1.79×10-6 m 2 s -1 . The annual effective doses varied from 0.52 ± 0.3121mSvyr-1 to 2.87 ± 0.6368mSvyr-1 . The value of annual effective dose was recommended by International Commission on Radiological Protection Publication (ICRP) is 5 mSvyr-1 . This study reveals that there is no serious radiation health hazard to the public using the brick samples

Reverse kNN Query Algorithm on Road Network Distance

This paper proposed a reverse k nearestneighbor (RkNN) query algorithm in road networkdistance by using the simple materialization path view(SMPV) data structure.When a set of interest objects Pand a query point q are given, RkNN query retrievesreverse nearest neighbors of q from the set P. Twotypes of RNN, monochromatic (MRNN) andbichromatic (BRNN)are classified in the literature. Inconventional approaches for RNN query on a roadnetwork distance, it takes very long processing timebecausekNN search algorithm is invoked on everyvisited node. Using SMPV in combination withincremental Euclidean restriction (IER) frameworkreduces processing time in kNN search significantly.This paper studied for both types of RNN comparingwith the conventional method, Eager algorithm. Withextensive experiments, the proposed methodoutperformed Eager algorithm in term of processingtime especially when the k value is large