Interleukin-6 and insulin resistance response to exercise training and detraining in middle-aged and obese men: a randomized clinical trial

Background and aims: The aim of present study was to compare the effects of 12 weeks of nonlinear resistance training (NRT) and aerobic interval training (AIT), and also effects of 4 weeks of detraining after these training on interleukin-6 (IL-6) and insulin resistance in young obese men. Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, at first 38 obese men were matched by aerobic fitness, age and percentage of body fat. Then, they were randomly assigned to NRT (n=14), AIT (n=12) and control (Con, n=12) groups. The training groups performed 3 weekly sessions for 12 weeks followed by a 4 weeks detraining period. NRT consisted of 40-65 minutes of weight training at different intensities with flexible periodization. AIT consisted of running on a treadmill (4 sets of 4 minutes at 80-90% of maximal heart rate, with 3-minute recovery intervals). Serum levels of IL-6 and insulin resistance were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the glucose oxidase method for serum glucose concentration. Results: Compared to Con, it was not observed in serum IL-6 levels any change significantly after the NRT (P=0.593) and AIT (P=0.623), but this cytokine worsened significantly after detraining with the NRT (P=0.011) and AIT (P=0.017). Both NRT (P=0.006) and AIT (P=0.046) groups was equally effective at reducing insulin resistance, but these values returned to the pre-training levels after detraining. Conclusion: The young obese men can use the two exercise programs to reduce insulin resistance. Also, IL-6 increased significantly in both training groups after detraining. Thus, it is recommended that the training programs should not be discontinued to prevent worsening of inflammatory conditions

Effect of Ca substitution on crystal structure and superconducting properties of ferromagnetic superconductor RuSr2-xCaxGd1.4Ce0.6Cu2O10-delta

We have investigated the effect of Ca substitution for Sr site on structural, magnetic and superconducting properties of RuSr2-xCaxGd1.4Ce0.6Cu2O10-delta system. In this system, the magnetic coupling of RuO2 and CuO2 plays an important role in magnetic and superconducting states. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that all samples are single phase and the lattice parameters decrease continuously by increasing Ca content. The onset superconducting transition temperature is found to decrease with Ca substitution. As Ca content increases, rotation of the RuO6 octahedron increases and Ru-O(1)-Ru angle decreases. These variations strengthen the magnetic moments in the RuO2 planes. The enhancement of weak ferromagnetic component and hole trapping by Ru magnetic moments in RuO2 planes reduces the electrical conduction, and destroys the superconducting state in the system. Analysis of the resistivity data (rho) based on the hoping conduction mechanism, indicates a variation of the hoping exponent (p) across the magnetic transition at T-m. The hoping exponent p is not affected sharply by Ca concentration. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Phase diagram with an enhanced spin-glass region of the mixed Ising-<em>XY</em> magnet LiHo_<em>x</em>Er_1<em>-x</em>F₄

We present the experimental phase diagram of LiHoxEr1 xF4, a dilution series of dipolar coupled model magnets. The phase diagram was determined using a combination of ac susceptibility and neutron scattering. Three unique phases in addition to the Ising ferromagnet LiHoF4 and the XY antiferromagnet LiErF4 have been identified. Below x 0.86, an embedded spin glass phase is observed, where a spin glass exists within the ferromagnetic structure. Below x 0.57, an Ising spin glass is observed consisting of frozen needlelike clusters. For x amp; 8764; 0.3 0.1, an antiferromagnetically coupled spin glass occurs. A reduction of TC x for the ferromagnet is observed which disobeys the mean field predictions that worked for LiHoxY1 xF4

Crystal growth and characterization of the dilutable frustrated spin-ladder compound Bi(Cu1-xZnx)(2)PO6

High quality centimeter size single crystals of Bi(Cu1-xZnx)(2)PO6 (x=0% 1% 5%) have been successfully grown by the Travelling Solvent Floating Zone (TSFZ) technique The crystals were grown with a rate of 1 mm/h in a gas mixture of 20% O-2 in Ar Characterization of the single crystal samples by means of optical microscopy X-ray powder diffraction X-ray Laue diffraction neutron diffraction and magnetization measurement are reported The magnetic susceptibility lambda(spin)(T) measured from 2 to 300 K passes a broad maximum around 60 K followed by an exponential decrease towards lower T and confirm the formation of a spin singlet ground state at low temperature At low-temperature a paramagnetic Curie-like upturn quantitatively reflect the increasing Zn-doping level (C) 2010 Elsevier B V All rights reserve

Phase diagram of diluted Ising ferromagnet LiHoxY1−xF4

We present a systematic study of the phase diagram of LiHoxY1−xF4 (0.25≤x≤1) Ising ferromagnets obtained from neutron scattering measurements and mean-field calculations. We show that while the thermal phase transition decreases linearly with dilution, as predicted by mean-field theory, the critical transverse field at the quantum critical point is suppressed much faster. This behavior is related to competition between off-diagonal dipolar coupling and quantum fluctuations that are tuned by doping and applied field, respectively. In this paper, we quantify the deviation of the experimental results from mean-field predictions, with the aim that this analysis can be used in future theoretical efforts towards a quantitative description

Studying native fishes in Hamadan province

Studying native fishes of Hamadan province have been done in 159 stations from 51 important water resources (wetland, reservoir, spring, river and qanat) using with electric tool, cast-net, seine and gill-net gears from July 2010 to Oct. 2011 and the main aims were species identifying and determining their distribution and abundance in the studied area. In the study, 33411 fish specimens are caught in 257 times of sampling and selected randomly about 8500 individual and laboratory works showed the fish belong to 37 species from 7 families. Cyprinidae with 25, Nemacheilidae with 6 and Sisoridae with 2 species had the most diversity and Cobitidae, Poeciliidae, Salmonidae and Mastacembelidae had only a representative. 31 fish species were native or endemic and 6 species were alien. Fish species existed in all rivers of Ghezelozan and Sirvan sub-basins but there were not any fish in 10 rivers of Ghara-Chai sub-basin and in 6 rivers of Gamasiab sub-basin, too. Also, it was observe 1-3 fish species in 15 rivers, 4-6 fish species in 10 rivers, 7-10 fish species in 5 rivers and more than 10 fish species in 4 main water resources and Gamasiab sub-basin with 32 fish species was the most diversified and Ghezelozan sub-basin with 2 fish species was the least diversified. There were any species to 4 (mostly 1 or 2) fish species in studied qanats in Ghara-Chai and Gamasiab rivers sub-basins. 23 fish species existed in a subbasin, 12 species in 2 sub-basin, Capoeta capoeta in 3 sub-basin and Squalius cephalus in all sub-basins of studied area. Alburnoides nicolausi,Capoeta aculeata and Alburnus mossulensis have had the most frequency. Studying fish abundance showed Oxynoemacheilus argyrogramma with 17.8%, Garra rufa with 12.3%, A. mossulensis with 12.1% and C. aculeata with 10.2 % of total number of caught fish specimens are dominant. S. cephalus, Capoeta damascina, C. aculeata, C. trutta, Chondrostoma regium and A. mossulensis have had sport fishing value but Acanthobrama marmid, Oxynoemacheilus kiabii, Oxynoemacheilus kermanshahensis, Turcinoemacheilus kosswigi, Alburnus caeruleus and Mastacembelus mastacembelus have biodiversity value for being endemic or having limited habitats in Iran

Corrosion behavior of friction stir welded lap joints of AA6061-T6 aluminum alloy

In this work, the corrosion behaviors of friction-stir lap welding of 6061-T6 Al-alloy are studied. The friction-stir lap welding was performed under different welding conditions (rotation speed and welding speed). The corrosion behavior of the parent alloy, the weld nugget zone (WNZ), and the heat affected zone (HAZ) of each welded sample working as an electrode, were investigated by the Tafel polarization test in 3.5 wt. (%) NaCl at ambient temperature. The morphology of the corroded surface of each region was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy together with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The results showed that the corrosion resistance of the parent alloy was better than the WNZ and the HAZ in both welding conditions. Localized pit dissolution and intergranular corrosion were the dominant corrosion types observed in the parent alloy, WNZ, and HAZ. The parent alloy, WNZ, and HAZ exhibited similar corrosion potentials (Ecorr) after T6 heat treatment. This treatment had a better effect on the corrosion resistance of the welded regions than the parent alloy