1,124 research outputs found
Field quantization and squeezed states generation in resonators with time-dependent parameters
The problem of electromagnetic field quantization is usually considered in textbooks under the assumption that the field occupies some empty box. The case when a nonuniform time-dependent dielectric medium is confined in some space region with time-dependent boundaries is studied. The basis of the subsequent consideration is the system of Maxwell's equations in linear passive time-dependent dielectric and magnetic medium without sources
Dynamical interpretation of chemical freeze-out in heavy ion collisions
It is demonstrated that there exists a direct correlation between chemical
freeze-out point and the softest point of the equation of state where the
pressure divided by the energy density, , has a minimum.
A dynamical model is given as an example where the passage of the softest point
coincides with the condition for chemical freeze-out, namely an average energy
per hadron 1 GeV. The sensitivity of the result to the equation of
state used is discussed.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figure
Directed Flow of Baryons in Heavy-Ion Collisions
The collective motion of nucleons from high-energy heavy-ion collisions is
analyzed within a relativistic two-fluid model for different equations of state
(EoS). As function of beam energy the theoretical slope parameter F_y of the
differential directed flow is in good agreement with experimental data, when
calculated for the QCD-consistent EoS described by the statistical mixed-phase
model. Within this model, which takes the deconfinement phase transition into
account, the excitation function of the directed flow turns out to be a
smooth function in the whole range from SIS till SPS energies. This function is
close to that for pure hadronic EoS and exhibits no minimum predicted earlier
for a two-phase bag-model EoS. Attention is also called to a possible formation
of nucleon antiflow (F_y < 0) at energies of the order of 100 A GeV.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure
Broadband optical gain via interference in the free electron laser: principles and proposed realizations
We propose experimentally simplified schemes of an optically dispersive
interface region between two coupled free electron lasers (FELs), aimed at
achieving a much broader gain bandwidth than in a conventional FEL or a
conventional optical klystron composed of two separated FELs. The proposed
schemes can {\it universally} enhance the gain of FELs, regardless of their
design when operated in the short pulsed regime
Simulation of phonon-assisted band-to-band tunneling in carbon nanotube field-effect transistors
Electronic transport in a carbon nanotube (CNT) metal-oxide-semiconductor
field effect transistor (MOSFET) is simulated using the non-equilibrium Green's
functions method with the account of electron-phonon scattering. For MOSFETs,
ambipolar conduction is explained via phonon-assisted band-to-band
(Landau-Zener) tunneling. In comparison to the ballistic case, we show that the
phonon scattering shifts the onset of ambipolar conduction to more positive
gate voltage (thereby increasing the off current). It is found that the
subthreshold swing in ambipolar conduction can be made as steep as 40mV/decade
despite the effect of phonon scattering.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figure
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