Anomalous Surface Compositions of Stoichiometric Mixed Oxide Compounds

The surface compositions of bulk mixed metal oxides stoichiometric vanadate and molybdate compounds have been systematically examined, for the first time, by combined synchroton-based depth-resolved XPS profile analysis, conventional XPS and LEIS spectroscopy. The outer surfaces of many, but not all, of the bulk mixed vanadates and molybdates tend to be enriched with surface VOx and MoOx species approaching monolayer coverage. Furthermore, this surface enrichment phenomenon can be dramatically enhanced in the presence of minor amount of alkali impurities. These new findings have significant implications for the fundamental understanding of how bulk mixed oxide materials function in numerous technical applications.Fil: Merzlikin, Sergiy V. . Ruhr-Universitt Bochum, Lehrstuhl fr Technische Chemie; AlemaniaFil: Tolkachev, Nikolay N. . Russian Academy of Sciences, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry; RusiaFil: Briand, Laura Estefania. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas; ArgentinaFil: Strunskus,Thomas . Ruhr-Universitt Bochum, Lehrstuhl Physikalische Chemie; AlemaniaFil: Wöll, Christof. Ruhr-Universitt Bochum, Lehrstuhl Physikalische Chemie; AlemaniaFil: Wachs, Israel E.. Lehigh University Bethlehem, Department of Chemical Engineering, Operando Molecular Spectroscopy and Catalysis Laboratory; Estados UnidosFil: Grüenert, Wolfgang . Ruhr-Universitt Bochum, Lehrstuhl fr Technische Chemie; Alemani

Anomalous Surface Compositions of Stoichiometric Mixed Oxide Compounds

The surface compositions of bulk mixed metal oxides stoichiometric vanadate and molybdate compounds have been systematically examined, for the first time, by combined synchroton-based depth-resolved XPS profile analysis, conventional XPS and LEIS spectroscopy. The outer surfaces of many, but not all, of the bulk mixed vanadates and molybdates tend to be enriched with surface VOx and MoOx species approaching monolayer coverage. Furthermore, this surface enrichment phenomenon can be dramatically enhanced in the presence of minor amount of alkali impurities. These new findings have significant implications for the fundamental understanding of how bulk mixed oxide materials function in numerous technical applications.Fil: Merzlikin, Sergiy V. . Ruhr-Universitt Bochum, Lehrstuhl fr Technische Chemie; AlemaniaFil: Tolkachev, Nikolay N. . Russian Academy of Sciences, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry; RusiaFil: Briand, Laura Estefania. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas; ArgentinaFil: Strunskus,Thomas . Ruhr-Universitt Bochum, Lehrstuhl Physikalische Chemie; AlemaniaFil: Wöll, Christof. Ruhr-Universitt Bochum, Lehrstuhl Physikalische Chemie; AlemaniaFil: Wachs, Israel E.. Lehigh University Bethlehem, Department of Chemical Engineering, Operando Molecular Spectroscopy and Catalysis Laboratory; Estados UnidosFil: Grüenert, Wolfgang . Ruhr-Universitt Bochum, Lehrstuhl fr Technische Chemie; Alemani

Anomalous Surface Compositions of Stoichiometric Mixed Oxide Compounds

The surface compositions of bulk mixed metal oxides stoichiometric vanadate and molybdate compounds have been systematically examined, for the first time, by combined synchroton-based depth-resolved XPS profile analysis, conventional XPS and LEIS spectroscopy. The outer surfaces of many, but not all, of the bulk mixed vanadates and molybdates tend to be enriched with surface VOx and MoOx species approaching monolayer coverage. Furthermore, this surface enrichment phenomenon can be dramatically enhanced in the presence of minor amount of alkali impurities. These new findings have significant implications for the fundamental understanding of how bulk mixed oxide materials function in numerous technical applications.Fil: Merzlikin, Sergiy V. . Ruhr-Universitt Bochum, Lehrstuhl fr Technische Chemie; AlemaniaFil: Tolkachev, Nikolay N. . Russian Academy of Sciences, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry; RusiaFil: Briand, Laura Estefania. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas; ArgentinaFil: Strunskus,Thomas . Ruhr-Universitt Bochum, Lehrstuhl Physikalische Chemie; AlemaniaFil: Wöll, Christof. Ruhr-Universitt Bochum, Lehrstuhl Physikalische Chemie; AlemaniaFil: Wachs, Israel E.. Lehigh University Bethlehem, Department of Chemical Engineering, Operando Molecular Spectroscopy and Catalysis Laboratory; Estados UnidosFil: Grüenert, Wolfgang . Ruhr-Universitt Bochum, Lehrstuhl fr Technische Chemie; Alemani

Biliary Microbiota, Gallstone Disease and Infection with Opisthorchis felineus.

BACKGROUND: There is increasing interest in the microbiome of the hepatobiliary system. This study investigated the influence of infection with the fish-borne liver fluke, Opisthorchis felineus on the biliary microbiome of residents of the Tomsk region of western Siberia. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Samples of bile were provided by 56 study participants, half of who were infected with O. felineus, and all of who were diagnosed with gallstone disease. The microbiota of the bile was investigated using high throughput, Illumina-based sequencing targeting the prokaryotic 16S rRNA gene. About 2,797, discrete phylotypes of prokaryotes were detected. At the level of phylum, bile from participants with opisthorchiasis showed greater numbers of Synergistetes, Spirochaetes, Planctomycetes, TM7 and Verrucomicrobia. Numbers of \u3e 20 phylotypes differed in bile of the O. felineus-infected compared to non-infected participants, including presence of species of the genera Mycoplana, Cellulosimicrobium, Microlunatus and Phycicoccus, and the Archaeans genus, Halogeometricum, and increased numbers of Selenomonas, Bacteroides, Rothia, Leptotrichia, Lactobacillus, Treponema and Klebsiella. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Overall, infection with the liver fluke O. felineus modified the biliary microbiome, increasing abundance of bacterial and archaeal phylotypes

Biliary Microbiota and Bile Acid Composition in Cholelithiasis

Background. A functional interplay between BAs and microbial composition in gut is a well-documented phenomenon. In bile, this phenomenon is far less studied, and with this report, we describe the interactions between the BAs and microbiota in this complex biological matrix. Methodology. Thirty-seven gallstone disease patients of which twenty-one with Opisthorchis felineus infection were enrolled in the study. The bile samples were obtained during laparoscopic cholecystectomy for gallstone disease operative treatment. Common bile acid composition was measured by LC-MS/MS. Gallbladder microbiota were previously analyzed with 16S rRNA gene sequencing on Illumina MiSeq platform. The associations between bile acid composition and microbiota were analyzed. Results. Bile acid signature and Opisthorchis felineus infection status exert influence on beta-diversity of bile microbial community. Direct correlations were found between taurocholic acid, taurochenodeoxycholic acid concentrations, and alpha-diversity of bile microbiota. Taurocholic acid and taurochenodeoxycholic acid both show positive associations with the presence of Chitinophagaceae family, Microbacterium and Lutibacterium genera, and Prevotella intermedia. Also, direct associations were identified for taurocholic acid concentration and the presence of Actinomycetales and Bacteroidales orders, Lautropia genus, Jeotgalicoccus psychrophilus, and Haemophilus parainfluenzae as well as for taurochenodeoxycholic acid and Acetobacteraceae family and Sphingomonas genus. There were no differences in bile acid concentrations between O. felineus-infected and noninfected patients. Conclusions/Significance. Associations between diversity, taxonomic profile of bile microbiota, and bile acid levels were evidenced in patients with cholelithiasis. Increase of taurochenodeoxycholic acid and taurocholic acid concentration correlates with bile microbiota alpha-diversity and appearance of opportunistic pathogens

Biliary Microbiota, Gallstone Disease and Infection with <i>Opisthorchis felineus</i>

<div><p>Background</p><p>There is increasing interest in the microbiome of the hepatobiliary system. This study investigated the influence of infection with the fish-borne liver fluke, <i>Opisthorchis felineus</i> on the biliary microbiome of residents of the Tomsk region of western Siberia.</p><p>Methodology/Principal Findings</p><p>Samples of bile were provided by 56 study participants, half of who were infected with <i>O</i>. <i>felineus</i>, and all of who were diagnosed with gallstone disease. The microbiota of the bile was investigated using high throughput, Illumina-based sequencing targeting the prokaryotic 16S rRNA gene. About 2,797, discrete phylotypes of prokaryotes were detected. At the level of phylum, bile from participants with opisthorchiasis showed greater numbers of Synergistetes, Spirochaetes, Planctomycetes, TM7 and Verrucomicrobia. Numbers of > 20 phylotypes differed in bile of the <i>O</i>. <i>felineus</i>-infected compared to non-infected participants, including presence of species of the genera <i>Mycoplana</i>, <i>Cellulosimicrobium</i>, <i>Microlunatus</i> and <i>Phycicoccus</i>, and the Archaeans genus, <i>Halogeometricum</i>, and increased numbers of <i>Selenomonas</i>, <i>Bacteroides</i>, <i>Rothia</i>, <i>Leptotrichia</i>, <i>Lactobacillus</i>, <i>Treponema</i> and <i>Klebsiella</i>.</p><p>Conclusions/Significance</p><p>Overall, infection with the liver fluke <i>O</i>. <i>felineus</i> modified the biliary microbiome, increasing abundance of bacterial and archaeal phylotypes.</p></div

Composition at phylum level of the biliary microbiome.

<p>Relative abundances of bacteria (phylum) observed in bile samples.</p

Numerous phylotypes differed between the biliary microbiota of study participants who were positive versus negative for infection with the liver fluke, <i>Opisthorchis felineus</i>.

<p>The table lists details of 22 phylotypes where numbers of reads counts significantly increased or decreased in relation to liver fluke infection.</p

Radial phylogram to display biliary microbiota where groups infected or not with <i>Opisthorchis felineus</i> were compared at the genus level.

<p>The phylogram displays topology. Genera in red color found only in <i>O</i>. <i>felineus</i> infected group; genera marked in green increased in the <i>O</i>. <i>felineus</i>-infected group, in comparison with the non-infected group, whereas blue circles indicate genera seen in the non-infected participants but not in <i>O</i>. <i>felineus</i> infected participants.</p

Alpha and beta diversity of the biliary microbiome of 37 study participants.

<p>Panel A. Bile content microbiota rarefaction curve generated using Chao1 richness estimator. Samples have been rarified at depth of 200 sequences per sample. Panel B Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) of the bile microbiota in groups infected versus not infected with <i>O</i>. <i>felineus</i>. Unweighted UniFrac uses non-normalized phylogenetic information to compare samples. ANOSIM was used to evaluate the UniFrac distances of <i>O</i>. <i>felineus</i> group vs non-infected group (R = 0.087, <i>p</i> = 0.038). Panel C. Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) of the bile microbiota in groups infected versus not infected with <i>O</i>. <i>felineus</i>. Unweighted UniFrac uses phylogenetic information normalized by CSS to compare samples. ANOSIM was used to evaluate the UniFrac distances of <i>O</i>. <i>felineus</i> group vs non-infected group (R = 0.12, <i>p</i> = 0.022).</p