Application of Full-scale Experiments for Structural Study of High-rise Buildings

AbstractThe paper presents the application of full-scale-model experiments to develop software and design a device for determining the degree of reinforcement bar rusting in concrete elements of high-rise buildings. Operation of the designed device is based on the dependence of the electromagnetic field surrounding a ferromagnetic body on its geometrical parameters and reduction of electromagnetic properties of the ferromagnet by oxidation. To receive primary information about the electromagnetic field an original measuring device is used, which is a matrix of high-precision electromagnetic transducers. In order to determine their position in relation to the control object distance sensors are used. The measurement results are transmitted to a computer model that is adjusted so that the results of modeling the electromagnetic field at the locations of transducers agreed with the results of direct measurements. The required model parameters are the geometric dimensions of the reinforced bar.To raise the measuring device to the height of the building structure it is proposed to install it on a quadrotor

Development of methods and algorithms for calculating ventilation and perfusion in the EIT

The work is devoted to method and algorithm for calculating lung ventilation and perfusion based on electrical impedance tomography, which consists in isolating the ventilation or perfusion component of the voltage change on the surface of the chest cavity by filtering, followed by calculating a impedance integral parameter and average value of the voltage change, the law of change of which has a high correlation with lung ventilation. Main approaches to filtering discrete signals, which are measurement data in the calculation of ventilation and lung perfusion based on EIT during mechanical ventilation, namely polynomial filters, a simple Fourier filter and a filter based on discrete wavelet transformation, have been identified and investigated. A block diagram of an algorithm for implementing a simple Fourier filter has been developed

Nonlinear Cylindrical Markers Using Metamaterials

In this paper, the research of nonlinear cylindrical metastructure was obtained. An algorithm for finding the total field of a nonlinearly loaded perfectly conducting cylinder covered with a metamaterial (MM) layer based on Maxwell’s equations with nonlinear boundary conditions on the surface of nonlinear loads (NL) was developed. A software package implementing this algorithm was created. Based on the results of numerical calculations of the program, the scattering diagrams of a metal cylinder with NL, covered with a layer of MM at the fundamental, second, and third harmonics were obtained. The dependences of the harmonics of the scattered field on the parameters of nonlinear loads were also studied. With the help of numerical simulation using Ansys HFSS, the extract procedure of the effective parameters of cylindrical MM was realized. Based on the results of calculation and numerical simulation, a model of a nonlinear cylindrical structure of two radii was made and an experimental study was carried out. As a result of the experiment, the frequency characteristics of the metastructure were obtained at various angles of incidence of the wave. The results of numerical simulation were confirmed by the results of the experiment. It is shown that the use of the provided nonlinear cylindrical marker with metamaterial makes it possible to obtain the levels of the first and second harmonics in a scattered field of the same order. This structure can be used as a nonlinear marker in both military and civilian areas

Regulator synthesis for the self-sensing control system of the proportional electromagnet dc based on reduced-order models

Modern DC proportional solenoid control systems use current values in magnetizing coils, or specialized sensors for position determination. These methods do not provide the possibility of accurate control and diagnostics, in case of aiming to the miniaturization of finished devices. In this article, it is proposed to use methods of self-sensory identification of the moving element position based on the method of the full-scale-model experiment. The functioning of the method is based on the electromagnet model obtained by the reduced-order model approach. These models have an advantage in the calculation speed in comparison with finite element models and have an advantage in accuracy in comparison with analytical models. Ansys Electronics is used to obtain the model. The electromagnetic control system is proposed. Its model is implemented in the system Matlab Simulink. Synthesis of PID-regulator parameters using Matlab is performed. The results of a study of a control system for a given displacement with the aid of the obtained control system are presented

Розробка та дослідження віртуального стенду для моделювання основних складових частин каналу електроімпедансної томографії

When developing and determining the principles of construction and algorithms for the operation of electrical impedance tomography devices, it is necessary to verify the adequacy of the adopted circuitry solutions, their technical level and the possibility of practical implementation. To assess the technical capabilities and operating parameters of the device and its components, it is advisable to develop specialized tools for research and adjustment. Considering that the devices for electrical impedance tomography being developed are hardware and software solutions, and their components are complete electronic units that interact with each other, it seems possible to develop an experimental bench.The development of a virtual automated experimental bench for preliminary tests of the main components of the electrical impedance tomography channel is proposed. On the basis of the operating principles of the hardware bench, the principles of building a virtual bench are formulated. The correspondence of the main elements of hardware and virtual benches in terms of their functional purpose is shown.For each of the software components of the virtual bench, input actions and output parameters are determined.A schematic diagram of the analog part of the electrical impedance tomography channel has been developed to test the performance of the virtual bench. Studies have shown that the developed virtual bench is suitable for preliminary testing of all analog components of the channel.The use of the developed virtual bench will allow optimizing the time and material costs for conducting experimental research in the process of developing hardware for technical means of electrical impedance tomographyПри разработке и определении принципов построения и алгоритмов функционирования устройств электроимпедансной томографии необходима верификация адекватности принимаемых схемотехничеких решений, их технический уровень и возможность практической реализации. Для оценки технических возможностей и параметров работы устройства и его составных частей целесообразна разработка специализированного инструментария для проведения исследований и настройки. Учитывая, что разрабатываемые устройства электроимпедансной томографии представляет собой аппаратно-программные решения, а их составные части – это законченные электронные блоки, которые взаимодействуют между собой, то представляется возможным разработка экспериментального стенда.Предложена разработка виртуального автоматизированного экспериментального стенда для проведения предварительных испытаний основных составных частей канала электроимпедансной томографии. На основе принципов работы аппаратного стенда сформулированы принципы построения виртуального стенда. Показано соответствие основных элементов аппаратного и виртуального стендов в части их функционального назначения.Для каждого из программных компонентов виртуального стенда определены входные воздействия и выходные параметры.Для проверки работоспособности виртуального стенда разработана принципиальная схема аналоговой части канала электроимпедансной томографии.  Проведенные исследования показали, что разработанный виртуальный стенд пригоден для проведения предварительных испытаний всех аналоговых компонентов канала.Использование разработанного виртуального стенда позволит оптимизировать временные и материальные затраты на проведение экспериментальных исследований в процессе разработки аппаратного обеспечения технических средств электроимпедансной томографииПри розробці та визначенні принципів побудови та алгоритмів функціонування пристроїв електроімпедансної томографії необхідна верифікація адекватності прийнятих схемотехнічних рішень, їх технічний рівень і можливість практичної реалізації. Для оцінки технічних можливостей та параметрів роботи пристрою та його складових частин доцільна розробка спеціалізованого інструментарію для проведення досліджень та настройки. Враховуючи, що пристрої електроімпедансної томографії, що розробляються, є апаратно-програмні рішення, а їх складові частини – це закінчені електронні блоки, які взаємодіють між собою, то представляється можливим розробка експериментального стенду.Запропоновано розробку віртуального автоматизованого експериментального стенду для проведення попередніх випробувань основних складових частин каналу електроімпедансної томографії. На основі принципів роботи апаратного стенду сформульовані принципи побудови віртуального стенду. Показано відповідність основних елементів апаратного та віртуального стендів в частині їх функціонального призначення.Для кожного з програмних компонентів віртуального стенда визначені вхідні впливу та вихідні параметри.Для перевірки працездатності віртуального стенду розроблена принципова схема аналогової частини каналу електроімпедансної томографії. Проведені дослідження показали, що розроблений віртуальний стенд придатний для проведення попередніх випробувань всіх аналогових компонентів каналу.Використання розробленого віртуального стенду дозволить оптимізувати тимчасові та матеріальні витрати на проведення експериментальних досліджень в процесі розробки апаратного забезпечення технічних засобів електроімпедансної томографі

Hardware in the loop simulation of objects internal structures inhomogeneities in multi-angle electrical impedance tomography

The present work is devoted to the development of an algorithm for automatic analysis of images as the results of biological object internal structures conductivity field distribution reconstruction for the automated generation of not only qualitative but also quantitative estimates of inhomogeneities in the tasks of multi-angle multi-frequency electrical impedance tomography. The paper describes the modeling of biological object internal structures inhomogeneities of a given size as a way of obtaining initial data for approbation of the algorithm and its further debugging and optimization. In the work an interactive analysis of the images obtained as a result of modeling is carried out, the results of its work are compared with the results of the developed algorithm of automatic analysis. Based on the analysis, conclusions are drawn about the applicability of the developed algorithm in the problems of multi-angle multi-frequency electrical impedance tomography

Hardware in the loop simulation of objects internal structures inhomogeneities in multi-angle electrical impedance tomography

The present work is devoted to the development of an algorithm for automatic analysis of images as the results of biological object internal structures conductivity field distribution reconstruction for the automated generation of not only qualitative but also quantitative estimates of inhomogeneities in the tasks of multi-angle multi-frequency electrical impedance tomography. The paper describes the modeling of biological object internal structures inhomogeneities of a given size as a way of obtaining initial data for approbation of the algorithm and its further debugging and optimization. In the work an interactive analysis of the images obtained as a result of modeling is carried out, the results of its work are compared with the results of the developed algorithm of automatic analysis. Based on the analysis, conclusions are drawn about the applicability of the developed algorithm in the problems of multi-angle multi-frequency electrical impedance tomography

Regulator synthesis for the self-sensing control system of the proportional electromagnet dc based on reduced-order models

Modern DC proportional solenoid control systems use current values in magnetizing coils, or specialized sensors for position determination. These methods do not provide the possibility of accurate control and diagnostics, in case of aiming to the miniaturization of finished devices. In this article, it is proposed to use methods of self-sensory identification of the moving element position based on the method of the full-scale-model experiment. The functioning of the method is based on the electromagnet model obtained by the reduced-order model approach. These models have an advantage in the calculation speed in comparison with finite element models and have an advantage in accuracy in comparison with analytical models. Ansys Electronics is used to obtain the model. The electromagnetic control system is proposed. Its model is implemented in the system Matlab Simulink. Synthesis of PID-regulator parameters using Matlab is performed. The results of a study of a control system for a given displacement with the aid of the obtained control system are presented

Development of methods and algorithms for calculating ventilation and perfusion in the EIT

The work is devoted to method and algorithm for calculating lung ventilation and perfusion based on electrical impedance tomography, which consists in isolating the ventilation or perfusion component of the voltage change on the surface of the chest cavity by filtering, followed by calculating a impedance integral parameter and average value of the voltage change, the law of change of which has a high correlation with lung ventilation. Main approaches to filtering discrete signals, which are measurement data in the calculation of ventilation and lung perfusion based on EIT during mechanical ventilation, namely polynomial filters, a simple Fourier filter and a filter based on discrete wavelet transformation, have been identified and investigated. A block diagram of an algorithm for implementing a simple Fourier filter has been developed

Method for clarifying the boundaries of inhomogeneity on a dynamic image for EIT

This article proposes an algorithmic solution to refine the boundaries of heterogeneity in a dynamic image for EIT. The essence of the method is to calculate the rate of change of the color value of each pixel p(i,j) Gn for a given research area. Next, the received data array is processed and the initial image of the heterogeneity region Gn is scaled. Software has been developed that implements the proposed algorithmic solutions. The method of automatic control of the parameters of the EIT examination is implemented, which consists in the automatic mode of operation without operator intervention from the moment of setting the parameters of the examination to the receipt of the final result. The operation of the method for refining the boundaries of inhomogeneity has been tested on computer models. According to the results of the study, the error in determining γ was reduced by 1.44 times. Thus, it seems possible to reduce it when transmitting and digitizing measurement data