The location of the UK cotton textiles industry in 1838 : a quantitative analysis

We examine the geography of cotton textiles in Britain in 1838 to test claims about why the industry came to be so heavily concentrated in Lancashire. Our analysis considers both first and second nature aspects of geography including the availability of water power, humidity, coal prices, market access and sunk costs. We show that some of these characteristics have substantial explanatory power. Moreover, we exploit the change from water to steam power to show that the persistent effect of first nature characteristics on industry location can be explained by a combination of sunk costs and agglomeration effects

Towards a Theory-Guided Benchmarking Suite for Discrete Black-Box Optimization Heuristics: Profiling (1+λ)(1+\lambda) EA Variants on OneMax and LeadingOnes

Theoretical and empirical research on evolutionary computation methods complement each other by providing two fundamentally different approaches towards a better understanding of black-box optimization heuristics. In discrete optimization, both streams developed rather independently of each other, but we observe today an increasing interest in reconciling these two sub-branches. In continuous optimization, the COCO (COmparing Continuous Optimisers) benchmarking suite has established itself as an important platform that theoreticians and practitioners use to exchange research ideas and questions. No widely accepted equivalent exists in the research domain of discrete black-box optimization. Marking an important step towards filling this gap, we adjust the COCO software to pseudo-Boolean optimization problems, and obtain from this a benchmarking environment that allows a fine-grained empirical analysis of discrete black-box heuristics. In this documentation we demonstrate how this test bed can be used to profile the performance of evolutionary algorithms. More concretely, we study the optimization behavior of several $(1+\lambda)$ EA variants on the two benchmark problems OneMax and LeadingOnes. This comparison motivates a refined analysis for the optimization time of the $(1+\lambda)$ EA on LeadingOnes

PERSEPSI ANGGOTA KELOMPOK TANI TERHADAP PERAN PENYULUHAN PERTANIAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN PRODUKSI USAHATANI PADI SAWAH

This research has been carried out in Tarus Village, Middle Kupang Subdistrict, Kupang Regency from April to May 2019 with the aim of: (1). Understanding perceptions of members of farmer groups toward the role of extension workers in increasing the production of lowland rice farming and. (2). Understanding the problems faced by farmers in increasing the production of lowland rice farming. The research method used in this study is a survey method. Samples used in this study were 32 farmers taken from one farmer group using the census method (saturated sampling). The type of data collected are primary data coluted by direct interviews with respondents guided by the questionnaire, while secondary data are obtained from searching written documents, related agencies and literature related to this study. The results of the analysis show that: (1) the perception of members of farmer groups toward the role of agricultural extension in the Village of Tarus is classified as high category wich is the persentase of mean score  in reacing the maximum score is 74.85%. This is evident from the fact that 32 members of the respondent farmer group there were 9 respondent farmers in (28.12%) had a fairly good perception, as many as 20 respondent farmers (62.5%), had a good perception and as many as 3 respondent farmers (9.38%) is Very good perception (2). Some respondent farmers experienced constraints in extension activities or farming activities such as limited capital. There are members of farmer groups who do not understand when attending counseling. Lack of facilities provided by extension agents, late in overcoming farmers' problems

COCO: A Platform for Comparing Continuous Optimizers in a Black-Box Setting

We introduce COCO, an open source platform for Comparing Continuous Optimizers in a black-box setting. COCO aims at automatizing the tedious and repetitive task of benchmarking numerical optimization algorithms to the greatest possible extent. The platform and the underlying methodology allow to benchmark in the same framework deterministic and stochastic solvers for both single and multiobjective optimization. We present the rationales behind the (decade-long) development of the platform as a general proposition for guidelines towards better benchmarking. We detail underlying fundamental concepts of COCO such as the definition of a problem as a function instance, the underlying idea of instances, the use of target values, and runtime defined by the number of function calls as the central performance measure. Finally, we give a quick overview of the basic code structure and the currently available test suites.Comment: Optimization Methods and Software, Taylor & Francis, In press, pp.1-3

Strengths Model for Youth: Moving toward a Client-Centered, Strengths-based Model of Case Management in Community Mental Health

Approximately 13 to 20% of U.S. children and adolescents experience a mental disorder in a given year (Perou et al., 2013), with only half of these youth receiving mental health care (Kataoka, Zhang, & Wells, 2002; Merikangas, Nakamura, & Kessler, 2009). Even when children do access mental health services, approximate- ly 40% to 60% discontinue before completing their treatment (Baruch, Vrouva, & Fearon, 2009; Hoste, Zaitsoff, Hewell & le Grange, 2007; Miller, Southam-Gerow & Allin, 2008; Oruche, Downs, Holloway, Draucker & Aalsma, 2014). These statistics highlight the critical need for identification and implementation of effective child and family interventions for the mental health service system. Case management is a widely offered service within the children’s mental health system, but there is a scarcity of literature and research on models of case management and their effec- tiveness. This chapter introduces one model of case management, Strengths Model for Youth, and summarizes the current evidence on its effectiveness

PERSEPSI PETANI TERHADAP PERAN EKOPASTORAL FRANSISKAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN KESADARAN PETANI AKAN PERTANIAN ORGANIK DI KELURAHAN PAGAL KECAMATAN CIBAL, KABUPATEN MANGGARAI

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peranan Ekopastoral Fransiskan dalam meningkatkan kesadaran petani akan pertanian organik dan untuk mengetahui persepsi petani terhadap peran Ekopastoral Fransiskan dalam meningkatkan kesadaran petani akan pertanian organik di Kelurahan Pagal Kecamatan Cibal Kabupaten Manggarai. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode survey. Penentuan lokasi dilakukan secara purposive sampling yaitu ditetapkan dengan sengaja, dan yang terpilih adalah Kelurahan Pagal Kecamatan Cibal Kabupaten Manggarai. Petani sampel yang berjumlah 47 orang diseleksi secara acak sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: 1). Peran yang dilakuakan pihak Ekopastoral Fransiskan Pagal dalam meningkatkan kesadaran petani akan pertanian organic di daerah penelitian adalah sebagai berikut: sebagai komunikator, edukator, inovator, fasilitator dan sebagai motivator; 2). Persepsi petani terhadap peran Ekopastoral Fransiskan Pagal dalam meningkatkan kesadaran petani akan pertanian organik di Keluran Pagal Kecamatan Cibal Kabupaten Manggarai tergolong “sangat baik” karena  skor rata-rata yang diperoleh adalah sebesar 4,5  dan persentase  pencapaian skor maximum dari skor rata-rata tersebut adalah sebesar 90,72% Kata Kunci : Persepsi Petani, Peran Ekopastoral Fransiskan, Pertanian Organik.   ABSTRACT The objectives of this study are: (1)  to identify the roles of Franciscan Eco-pastoral  in increasing the farmer’s awareness on organic agriculture; and (2) to understand the farmer's perception on the roles of Franciscan Eco-pastorals in increasing farmer’s awareness on organic farming at  Pagal Village, the Sub District of Cibal, Manggarai District. The research method applied in this study was a survey method, then research location was  determined purposively with a consideration that the village of Pagal was included as the area fostered by the Franciscan Eco-pastoral in development of organic Agriculture. A simple random sampling technique was used to select respondents with a number of 47 farmers, while to collect data was applied  a face to face interview technique. Descriptive statistics, such as Mean and Percentage, were used to analyze the data collected Results of analysis showed that: 1). the roles of the Pagal-Franciscan Eco-pastoral played to increase the farmer’s awareness on organic agriculture are namely such follows: as communicators, educators, innovators, facilitators, and motivators; and 2). farmer’s perception on the Pagal Franciscan Eco-pastoral roles playing in increasing the farmers' awareness on the organic agriculture at the fostered area in general was categorized in “very good level”, because the average score obtained was 4.5 and the percentage of this scores in achieving the maximum score is  90.72%. Keywords: Farmer’s Perception, Roles of Pagal Franciscan Eco-pastoral, Organic Agricultur

PERAN PENYULUH PERTANIAN DALAM PENGEMBANGAN USAHATANI SAYUR DARI KELOMPOKTANI BARU TERBIT DI KELURAHAN OENESU KECAMATAN KUPANG BARAT

Astudy had been carried at the Village of Oenesu, the SubDistrict of West Kupang, the District of Kupang, since August until November 2020. The main objective of this study was to understand the roles of field agricultural workers in developing the vegetable farming operated by farmers grouping in the Nascent Farmer Group located at the Village of Oenesu, the Sub District of West Kupang, the District of  Kupang. The study was applied a survey method. Research location was determine purposively based on a  consideration that in this location was never conducting a  study like  this. Population of this study were farmers, both managers and members, operating the vegetable farming in the Nascent Famer Group. Totally they were 25 persons in number, consisted of managers were 3 persons, and members were 22 persons. Because the number of population were too small, then they were all been as the sample of study. So the size of sample used in this study was 25 farmers determined sensusly. Moreover, the primary data collected by face to face interview with respondent, for quantitative data were analyzed by the use of mean score, frequencies, and percentage, meanwhile for the qualitative data were described appropriate with their points. Result of data analysis indicated that the role of field agricultural extension worker in developing the vegetable farming was in “good enough category”,where the percentage value of mean score in achieving the maksimums core was 58%

PERSEPSI PETANI TERHADAP PERAN PENYULUH PERTANIAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN PRODUKTIVITAS USAHATANI HORTIKULTURA SAYUR SAWI DI DESA TIWATOBI KECAMATAN ILE MANDIRI KABUPATEN FLORES TIMUR

This research had been conducted in Lewokeleng Village, Ile Boleng District, Flores Timur Regency, from February to March 2018. This study aims to know; 1) characteristics of horticultural crops, 2) Perception of farmers on the role of agricultural extension workers as educators, informators, companions, consultants, and mentors in increasing the productivity of vegetable horticultural farming, 3) Perception of farmers to the role of agricultural counselor in increasing the productivity of vegetables farming, and 4) Constraints were faced by farmers in improving productivity of vegetable farming. Data collection method used in this research was survey method. The location of the study was determined intentionally. Respondents were determined as many as 55 farmers, selected by simple random sampling from 122 families of vegetables farmers. The types of the collected data are primary and secondary data. To know the first and second purposes, data was analyzed descriptively and quantitatively, then to know the third purpose, data was analyzed descriptively using likert scale, and to know the fourth purpose, data was analyzed descriptively and quantitatively. The results of research are; 1) The average of productive land which is used by farmers in Lewokeleng Village, Ile Boleng District, East Flores Regency is ​​0.50-1.0 ha. The majority of land which the respondents were working on is self-owned land. The management of vegetable farming, includes land preparation, seeding, planting, maintenance, harvesting and post harvest, and marketing. agriculture in research area is classified as developing agriculture. 2) The role of agricultural counselor in overcoming problems had faced by farmers, most farmers have felt the service of agricultural counselor, the role of the agricultural counselor are 40,36% as educator, 38,55% as informer, 40,48% as companion, 40,00% as consultant, and 40,55% as mentor. The frequency of agricultural counselor activities was low. 3) The perception of farmers on the role of agricultural counselor in increasing the productivity of horticultural crop farming in the village of Lewokeleng included "less good" category with maximum achievement percentage on 37,95% of the range of 36-51%. 4) All respondents faced the same problems which was lack of local government involvement, agricultural counselor involvement, assistance that is inconsistent with the needs of farmers, limited capital, lack of manpower and time, skills and experience of farmers, and markets

Effect of The Inclusion of Butterfly Pea (Clitoria ternatea) and Green Sea Weed (Ulva lactuca) in The Complete Feed on The Concentration of Blood Metabolites of Male Kacang Goats

This experiment aimed to investigate the effect of including  Clitoria ternatea and Ulva lactuca in the complete feed on the concentration of blood metabolites of male kacang goats. Four male kacang goats were involved in this experiment arranged following a Latin Square Design with 4 treatments and 4 periods as replication. The treatments were R0= native grass hay 60%+concentrate 40%, R1= native grass hay 30%+concentrate 40%+ Clitoria ternatea 30%, R2= native grass hay 30%+concentrate 40%+ Clitoria ternatea 15%+ Ulva lactuca 15% and R3= native grass hay 30%+ concentrate 40%+Ulva lactuca 30%. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and followed by the Duncan Multiple Range Test when significant differences were found. The results showed that  feeding a complete feed containing  Clitoria ternatea and Ulva lactuca did not significantly (P>0,05) affect the concentration of urea, glucose and  plasm total protein in the blood of male kacang goats. Therefore, it can be concluded the inclusion of Clitoria ternatea and Ulva lactuca has no effect on the concentration of blood metabolites in male kacang goats