Exploring "internationalization" in political psychology : a bibliometric social network analysis exploring internationalization within the International Society for Political Psychology.

M.A. University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg 2014.This research set out to describe the level of internationalization that exists within the journal, Political Psychology. The primary way in which this was done was through exploring the patterns of coauthorship between authors from different countries who have published together. The terms ‘WEIRD’ (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic) and ‘non-WEIRD’ were adopted from Heinrich et al., (2010) and used in this research to differentiate between ‘Western/core’ countries (WEIRD) and ‘non-Western/periphery’ (non-WEIRD). Bibliographic data was used to extract and produce social network maps of academic co-author collaborations that have occurred within Political Psychology since 1985 (when the journal was first uploaded and stored on the Thompson Reuters Web of Knowledge database) until the data was collected in 2013. These patterns of collaboration were analysed using social network analysis, and it was found that, on average, much of the scientific knowledge published by the journal originated from WEIRD countries, particularly the USA, Canada, and the UK. Additionally, WEIRD authors generally preferred to collaborate with other WEIRD authors. When authors were involved in an international collaboration, non-WEIRD authors also preferred to collaborate with WEIRD authors, but when collaboration between these two categories of authors took place, WEIRD authors were more likely to have first author status on the article as well as being more likely to publish multiple times. It is likely that these structures of collaboration restrict the ability of non-WEIRD authors to produce their own relevant knowledge within the field of political psychology, in that their collaborations are limited and usually mediated by international connections. However, the fact that there was no significant difference in degree centrality between WEIRD and non-WEIRD authors suggests there was equal activity and opportunities to collaborate with other authors in the network regardless of an authors’ categorization as WEIRD or non-WEIRD. This finding also suggests that non-WEIRD nations are not in the periphery of this network of authors, as well as lending evidence to a state of non-dependency on WEIRD nations. Despite these findings, the patterns of authorship of publications in the journal highlights the possible risk that some knowledge disseminated in Political Psychology favours WEIRD interests and may not be globally relevant and applicable

Investigating the interaction between human immunodeficiency virus, nutrition, and disability: A cross-sectional observational study

Background: The average lifespan of people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has increased because of the enhanced access to anti-retroviral treatment. This increased longevity has led to a heightened focus on the comorbidities which may arise, allowing a clearer understanding of the contextual, personal, psychological and functional problems and their interrelations. Disability (functional limitations) and insufficient nutritional intake may interact cyclically with HIV and/or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS); however, no research to date has investigated this interaction.   Aims: The objective of this article was to report on the nutritional outcomes using albumin and body mass index outcomes as a subset of a larger study among adults living with HIV and/or AIDS.   Setting: This study was conducted at a large HIV clinic based in an urban area in Johannesburg, South Africa, which provides HIV treatment and support to over 6000 persons with HIV and TB. This clinic is part of a large public health regional hospital where extensive HIV research is undertaken.   Methods: This study was a cross-sectional observational study. The sample composed of 278 participants between 18 and 65 years of age and had been on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for more than six months. Statistical analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences.   Results: The results indicated that albumin level had significant inverse associations with functional limitations and physical health symptoms. Women were significantly more likely to have lower nutritional levels. A logistic regression analysis suggested that gender and physical health symptoms were the primary predictors of albumin levels.   Conclusion: The findings presented in this article can be applied to HIV and/or AIDS treatment programmes, such as HAART. It re-emphasises the importance of providing individuals on anti-retroviral therapy with affordable and adequate nutrition, education on the importance of nutritional intake and the benefits of potentially adopting supplement programmes. As females seem to be more adversely affected by low nutritional levels, with the findings showing an increased likelihood of developing physical health symptoms, focus also needs to be given to cultural or social factors that impact nutritional intake in women

Implicit cognition

Based on my PhD; implicit cognition as a shared resourc

Time to reflect on voice parades: The influence of reflection and retention interval duration on earwitness performance.

Experiment-based voice parades often result in low hit-rates and high false-alarm rates. One contributing factor may be that the experimental procedures omit elements that might naturally occur in the memory formation process, such as the process of reflection. In Experiment 1 (N=180, F=92) we explored if a post-encoding reflection manipulation, compared to a simple attention control task, prior to a five-minute retention interval would improve identification performance. In Experiment 2 (N=180, F=93), we explored how the effects of this manipulation might change when the retention interval was 24-hours. The results show that the inclusion of a reflection manipulation did not meaningfully improve performance in either experiment. Importantly, we found no meaningful difference in performance when directly comparing the two retention interval durations. We consider theoretical explanations for these results and discuss implications for the design and validity of earwitness voice parade studies

Time to reflect on voices

Retention and Reflection Voice Parade Experimen

Speeded Confidence Judgements For Voice Identification

Applying Brewer's (2012; 2020) procedure of using speeded confidence judgements vs unspeeded and categorical response

Time to reflect on voice parades: The influence of reflection and retention interval duration on earwitness performance

Publication status: PublishedAbstractExperiment‐based voice parades often result in low hit‐rates and high false‐alarm rates. One contributing factor may be that the experimental procedures omit elements that might naturally occur in the memory formation process, such as the process of reflection. In Experiment 1 (N = 180, F = 92) we explored if a post‐encoding reflection manipulation, compared to a simple attention control task, prior to a five‐minute retention interval would improve identification performance. In Experiment 2 (N = 180, F = 93), we explored how the effects of this manipulation might change when the retention interval was 24‐h. The results show that the inclusion of a reflection manipulation did not meaningfully improve performance in either experiment. Importantly, we found no meaningful difference in performance when directly comparing the two retention interval durations. We consider theoretical explanations for these results and discuss implications for the design and validity of earwitness voice parade studies.</jats:p

Identifying unfamiliar voices: the influence of sample duration and parade size.

Voice identification parades can be unreliable due to the error-prone nature of earwitness responses. Home Office guidelines (2003) recommend that voice parades should consist of nine-voices, each played for 60-seconds. This makes parades resource-consuming to construct. In the present paper we conducted two experiments to see if voice parade procedures could be simplified. In Experiment 1, we investigated if reducing the duration of the voice samples on a nine-voice parade would negatively affect performance. In Experiment 2, we first explored if the same sample duration conditions used in Experiment 1 would lead to different outcomes if a six-voice parade were used. Following this, we investigated if there were any difference in identification performance based solely on whether a nine-voice (Experiment 1) or six-voice (Experiment 2) parade was used. Overall, the results suggest that voice durations can be safely reduced without disrupting listener performance. Performance on target-absent parades – which simulate an innocent suspect being apprehended – were at chance-levels in both parade sizes, but the increased number of foils in the nine-voice parade offers increased protection to an innocent suspect by virtue of statistical probability. Thus, we argue that the Home Office guidelines recommending a parade with nine-voices should be maintained