1,207 research outputs found
Nanoscale Impurity Structures on the Surface of -wave Superconductors
We study the effects of nanoscale impurity structures on the local electronic
structure of -wave superconductors. We show that the interplay
between the momentum dependence of the superconducting gap, the geometry of the
nanostructure and its orientation gives rise to a series of interesting quantum
effects. Among these are the emergence of a zero bias conductance peak in the
superconductor's density of states and the suppression of impurity states for
certain nanostructures. The latter effect can be used to screen impurity
resonances in the superconducting state.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
The Ohio State 1991 geopotential and sea surface topography harmonic coefficient models
The computation is described of a geopotential model to deg 360, a sea surface topography model to deg 10/15, and adjusted Geosat orbits for the first year of the exact repeat mission (ERM). This study started from the GEM-T2 potential coefficient model and it's error covariance matrix and Geosat orbits (for 22 ERMs) computed by Haines et al. using the GEM-T2 model. The first step followed the general procedures which use a radial orbit error theory originally developed by English. The Geosat data was processed to find corrections to the a priori geopotential model, corrections to a radial orbit error model for 76 Geosat arcs, and coefficients of a harmonic representation of the sea surface topography. The second stage of the analysis took place by doing a combination of the GEM-T2 coefficients with 30 deg gravity data derived from surface gravity data and anomalies obtained from altimeter data. The analysis has shown how a high degree spherical harmonic model can be determined combining the best aspects of two different analysis techniques. The error analysis was described that has led to the accuracy estimates for all the coefficients to deg 360. Significant work is needed to improve the modeling effort
Isospin asymmetric nuclear matter and properties of axisymmetric neutron stars
Pure hadronic compact stars, above a limiting value (1.6 M)
of their gravitational masses, to which predictions of most of other equations
of state (EoSs) are restricted, can be reached from the equation of state (EoS)
obtained using DDM3Y effective interaction. This effective interaction is found
to be quite successful in providing unified description of elastic and
inelastic scattering, various radioactivities and nuclear matter properties. We
present a systematic study of the properties of pure hadronic compact stars.
The -equilibrated neutron star matter using this EoS with a thin crust
is able to describe highly-massive compact stars, such as PSR B1516+02B with a
mass M=1.94 M and PSR J0751+1807 with a mass
M=2.10.2 M to a 1 confidence level.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Late acceleration and crossing in induced gravity
We study the cosmological evolution on a brane with induced gravity within a
bulk with arbitrary matter content. We consider a Friedmann-Robertson-Walker
brane, invariantly characterized by a six-dimensional group of isometries. We
derive the effective Friedmann and Raychaudhuri equations. We show that the
Hubble expansion rate on the brane depends on the covariantly defined
integrated mass in the bulk, which determines the energy density of the
generalized dark radiation. The Friedmann equation has two branches,
distinguished by the two possible values of the parameter \ex=\pm 1. The
branch with \ex=1 is characterized by an effective cosmological constant and
accelerated expansion for low energy densities. Another remarkable feature is
that the contribution from the generalized dark radiation appears with a
negative sign. As a result, the presence of the bulk corresponds to an
effective negative energy density on the brane, without violation of the weak
energy condition. The transition from a period of domination of the matter
energy density by non-relativistic brane matter to domination by the
generalized dark radiation corresponds to a crossing of the phantom divide
.Comment: 7 pages, no figures, RevTex 4.0; (v2) new references are added, minor
corrections and expanded discussion; (v3) additional comments at the end of
section III, minor corrections and several new references are added, to match
published version in Phys. Rev.
Randomized Extended Kaczmarz for Solving Least-Squares
We present a randomized iterative algorithm that exponentially converges in
expectation to the minimum Euclidean norm least squares solution of a given
linear system of equations. The expected number of arithmetic operations
required to obtain an estimate of given accuracy is proportional to the square
condition number of the system multiplied by the number of non-zeros entries of
the input matrix. The proposed algorithm is an extension of the randomized
Kaczmarz method that was analyzed by Strohmer and Vershynin.Comment: 19 Pages, 5 figures; code is available at
https://github.com/zouzias/RE
Seasonal modulation of mesoscale processes alters nutrient availability and plankton communities in the Red Sea
Hydrographic and atmospheric forcing set fundamental constraints on the biogeochemistry of aquatic ecosystems and manifest in the patterns of nutrient availability and recycling, species composition of communities, trophic dynamics, and ecosystem metabolism. In the Red Sea, latitudinal gradients in environmental conditions and primary production have been ascribed to fluctuations in Gulf of Aden Water inflow, upwelling/mixing, and regenerated nutrient utilization i.e. rapidly recycled nitrogen in upper layers. However, our understanding of upper layer dynamics and related changes in plankton communities, metabolism and carbon and nitrogen export is limited. We surmised that stratification and mesoscale eddies modulate the nutrient availability and taxonomic identity of plankton communities in the Red Sea. Based on remote-sensing data of sea level anomalies and high resolution in situ measurements (ScanFish) we selected stations for hydrographic CTD profiles, water sampling (nutrients, seawater oxygen stable isotopes [δ18OSW]), phytoplankton and zooplankton collections. In fall 2014, strong stratification subjected the plankton community to an overall nitrogen and phosphorus shortage. The nutrient deficiency increased numbers of heterotrophic dinoflagellates, microzooplankton, and diazotrophs (Trichodesmium, diatom-diazotroph associations [DDAs]), albeit largely decreased phytoplankton and mesozooplankton abundances. In spring 2015, mesoscale eddies increased the nutrient availability, and the thermohaline characteristics and low δ18OSW point to the interaction of eddies with Gulf of Aden Surface Water (GASW). Cyclonic eddies and, most likely, the availability of nutrients associated with the GASW, increased the abundances of autotrophs (diatoms, Prasinophytes) and supported larger numbers of zooplankton and their larvae. We demonstrate that the interplay of stratification, advection of Gulf of Aden water and mesoscale eddies are key elements to better understand changes in plankton community composition, ecosystem metabolism, and macronutrient export in the Red Sea in space and time
Quantum Interference between Impurities: Creating Novel Many-Body States in s-wave Superconductors
We demonstrate that quantum interference of electronic waves that are
scattered by multiple magnetic impurities in an s-wave superconductor gives
rise to novel bound states. We predict that by varying the inter-impurity
distance or the relative angle between the impurity spins, the states' quantum
numbers, as well as their distinct frequency and spatial dependencies, can be
altered. Finally, we show that the superconductor can be driven through
multiple local crossovers in which its spin polarization, , changes
between and 1.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Light Propagation and Large-Scale Inhomogeneities
We consider the effect on the propagation of light of inhomogeneities with
sizes of order 10 Mpc or larger. The Universe is approximated through a
variation of the Swiss-cheese model. The spherical inhomogeneities are
void-like, with central underdensities surrounded by compensating overdense
shells. We study the propagation of light in this background, assuming that the
source and the observer occupy random positions, so that each beam travels
through several inhomogeneities at random angles. The distribution of
luminosity distances for sources with the same redshift is asymmetric, with a
peak at a value larger than the average one. The width of the distribution and
the location of the maximum increase with increasing redshift and length scale
of the inhomogeneities. We compute the induced dispersion and bias on
cosmological parameters derived from the supernova data. They are too small to
explain the perceived acceleration without dark energy, even when the length
scale of the inhomogeneities is comparable to the horizon distance. Moreover,
the dispersion and bias induced by gravitational lensing at the scales of
galaxies or clusters of galaxies are larger by at least an order of magnitude.Comment: 27 pages, 9 figures, revised version to appear in JCAP, analytical
estimate included, typos correcte
Quantum interference between non-magnetic impurities in d_x2-y2-wave superconductors
We study quantum interference of electronic waves that are scattered by
multiple non-magnetic impurities in a d_x2-y2-wave superconductor. We show that
the number of resonance states in the density-of-states (DOS), as well as their
frequency and spatial dependence change significantly as the distance between
the impurities or their orientation relative to the crystal lattice is varied.
Since the latter effect arises from the momentum dependence of the
superconducting gap, we argue that quantum interference is a novel tool to
identify the symmetry of unconventional superconductors.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
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