11 research outputs found
Associations of combined polymorphisms of the platelet membrane glycoproteins Ia and IIIa and the platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 and P-Selectin genes with IVF implantation failures
The aim of the study was to investigate the combined impact of the genetic heterogeneity of the glycoproteins Ia (GpIa) and IIIa (GpIIIa) and the platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) and P-Selectin genes on IVF embryo transfer implantation failures (IVF-ET failures). Sixty nulligravida women with previous IVF-ET failures and 60 fertile controls were genotyped for the GpIa-C807T, GpIIIa-PlA1/PA2, PECAM-1-C373G (Leu125Val) and P-Selectin-A37674C (Thr715Pro) polymorphisms by pyrosequencing. Compared with wild-type combined homozygotes, carriers of combinations of risk alleles in two gene loci were at significantly increased risk for IVF-ET failure, whereas carriers of the combination of GpIa-807T, GpIIIa-PlA2 and PECAM-1-373G alleles had OR = 52.50 (95%CI: 4.05–680.95, p < .001). The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) based on the number of polymorphisms and the number of risk alleles per subject was 75.4% (95%CI: 66.7%–82.8%, p < .001) and 72.5% (95%CI: 63.6%–80.3%, p < .001), respectively. The OR per polymorphism and risk allele increase was 4.26 (95%CI: 2.15–8.41, p < .001) and 2.85 (95%CI: 1.71–4.76, p < .001), respectively. The above associations were more robust among younger women. The combined analysis of these polymorphisms revealed strong association of combined carriers with IVF-ET failures especially for younger women and provided a genetic risk score with good diagnostic accuracy in the prediction of IVF-ET failures
Pre- and early post-partum adiponectin and Interleukin-1beta levels in women with and without gestational diabetes
OBJECTIVE: To investigate maternal serum adiponectin and
Interleukin-1beta (IL-1 beta) levels during the pre- and post-partum
periods in pregnant women with and without Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
(GDM). DESIGN: Thirty control pregnant Caucasian women without GDM and
thirty Body Mass Index (BMI) and age-matched Caucasian women with GDM
examined in the outpatient clinic between the 24(th) and 26(th) week of
their pregnancy and on the 3(rd) day postpartum underwent anthropometry
and had serum blood taken. Both groups, were monitored by a dietitian
and had comparable weight gain during pregnancy. Birth weight was also
measured. RESULTS: At the 3(rd) day postpartum, compared to the 2(nd)
trimester of pregnancy, women with GDM had lower serum: adiponectin
levels, lower serum IL-1 beta levels and lower Homeostasis Model
Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) values. At the 2(nd)
trimester of pregnancy, women with GDM had lower serum adiponectin
levels, higher IL-1 beta and higher HOMA-IR values compared to women
without GDM. At the 3(rd) day postpartum, women with GDM had lower serum
adiponectin levels, higher IL-1 beta and higher HOMA-IR values compared
to women without GDM. Second trimester serum adiponectin values of women
with GDM correlated negatively with birth weight. CONCLUSIONS:
Gestational diabetes is a state of insulin resistance associated with
altered levels of proinflammatory cytokines, increased IL-1 beta and
decreased adiponectin values. Both of these alterations might be
attributed to placental pathology in pregnancies with GDM
Placental growth factor (PlGF): a key to optimizing fetal growth
The needs of the uterus and the fetus for the provision of nutrients and
oxygen, supplied by the blood flow, are understandably extremely high,
with the circulatory system playing the most important role in this
action. Abnormal vascular growth and transformation that create a high
vessel resistance network have been associated with various pregnancy
pathologies, including miscarriage, small for gestational age (SGA)
fetuses with or without preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction
(IUGR). Placental growth factor (PlGF) has a major role in
vasculogenesis and angiogenesis in human placenta. Low concentrations of
PlGF and high concentrations of its inhibitor-soluble Fms-like tyrosine
kinase-1 (sFlt-1) are linked with impaired angiogenesis and placental
development, leading to the above pregnancy complications. The activity
of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is the most potent
of all angiogenic mediators, is partly modulated by PlGF. Although the
mechanisms via which PlGF exerts its various effects are still under
investigation, we herein discuss the known actions exerted by this major
mediator together with its results on fetal growth
Successful full-term pregnancy in a woman with Cogan's syndrome: a case report
Cogan’s syndrome (CS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder that most
commonly affects young adults. Major clinical features are interstitial
keratitis and vestibuloauditory dysfunction. Associations between CS and
systemic vasculitis as well as aortitis also exist. The present report
is the first case in the literature of pregnancy associated with Cogan
syndrome, which posed a therapeutic challenge. There was a relapse of
the ocular symptoms only during the first trimester of pregnancy, but
the pregnancy was otherwise uneventful. The relevant literature is
reviewed both with regard to the relationship of CS to pregnancy and the
therapeutic approach in this situation
Associations of combined polymorphisms of the platelet membrane glycoproteins Ia and IIIa and the platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 and P-Selectin genes with IVF implantation failures
The role of adipocytokines in insulin resistance in normal pregnancy: Visfatin concentrations in early pregnancy predict insulin sensitivity
Background: Throughout pregnancy maternal adipose tissue is
metabolically active, producing adipocytokines involved in the process
of insulin resistance. We explored the role of serum adipocytokines,
including the newly identified adipocytokine visfatin, in the process of
insulin resistance in normal pregnancy.
Methods: We examined 80 pregnant nonobese, nondiabetic white women
during the 3 trimesters of pregnancy. All study participants underwent
anthropometric measurements, adipocytokine evaluation, and a 75-g oral
glucose tolerance test. Homeostasis mathematical model assessment
(HOMA-R), insulin sensitivity index (ISI), and indices of beta-cell
secretion were calculated.
Results: Maternal weight, percentage total body fat, hip circumference,
and indices of beta-cell secretion increased significantly during the 3
trimesters, and HOMA-R and ISI increased and decreased, respectively, in
the 3rd trimester. During early pregnancy, insulin resistance, beta-cell
secretion, and weight correlated positively with leptin. During the 1st
trimester, visfatin correlated negatively with percentage body fat and
was the best positive predictor of 2nd trimester ISI. In the 2nd
trimester, serum visfatin was the best negative predictor of percentage
body fat.
Conclusions: During normal pregnancy of nonobese, nondiabetic women,
adipose tissue increases, accompanied by a significant progressive
increase of insulin resistance. Visfatin concentrations in the 1st
trimester positively predict insulin sensitivity during the 2nd
trimester. Body fat mass during 1st trimester of pregnancy is negatively
associated with insulin sensitivity during the 2nd trimester and perhaps
should be kept under control. (c) 2007 American Association for Clinical
Chemistry
The role of maternal gut hormones in normal pregnancy: fasting plasma active glucagon-like peptide 1 level is a negative predictor of fetal abdomen circumference and maternal weight change
Objective: Maternal weight in pregnancy contributes to a glycemic
environment that affects fetal growth. Gut peptides (glucagon-like
peptide 1 (GLP1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP),
ghrelin, and peptide YY (PYY)) have been related to insulin sensitivity
and secretion, weight control, and adipose tissue metabolism. This study
aimed at examining the associations of gut hormones during pregnancy
with maternal glucose homeostasis, maternal weight, and fetal growth.
Methods: A total of 55 pregnant nonobese, nondiabetic Caucasian women
were examined during the three trimesters of pregnancy, and
anthropometric measurements, evaluation of fasting maternal plasma GLP1
(active), ghrelin (active), total PYY, total GIP, and a 75-g oral
glucose tolerance test were done in them. Homeostasis model assessment
(HOMA-R), insulin sensitivity index (ISI), and indices of insulin
secretion were calculated. Fetal growth was estimated by ultrasound.
Results: Fasting GLP1 increased significantly from the second to the
third trimester (P < 0.05). Fasting GLP1 correlated positively with
high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r=0.52, P=0.04). At the second
trimester, fasting GLP1 levels correlated negatively with fetal abdomen
circumference (r=-0.55, P=0.034), birth weight (r=-0.50, P=0.040),
HOMA-R (r=-0.65, P=0.001), insulin secretion, and triglycerides. At the
first trimester, fasting ghrelin levels correlated negatively with
HOMA-R and insulin secretion, and positively with ISI. In backward
multiple regression analysis, the first trimester GLP1 levels were the
best negative predictors of the second trimester fetal abdomen
circumference (beta=-0.96, P=0.009). In longitudinal regression model,
maternal fat and HOMA-R were the positive predictors of maternal weight
change during pregnancy, and fasting GLP1 levels were the negative
predictors of maternal weight change during pregnancy.
Conclusions: During pregnancy, maternal GLP1 might be involved in
mechanisms that compensate for the pregnancy-related increase in
glycemia and insulin resistance, suggesting a role of this peptide in
maternal metabolism and weight and fetal growth
The role of maternal gut hormones in normal pregnancy : fasting plasma active glucagon-like peptide 1 level is a negative predictor of fetal abdomen circumference and maternal weight change
Objective Maternal weight in pregnancy contributes to a glycemic environment that affects fetal growth. Gut peptides (glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), ghrelin, and peptide YY (PYY)) have been related to insulin sensitivity and secretion, weight control, and adipose tissue metabolism. This study aimed at examining the associations of gut hormones during pregnancy with maternal glucose homeostasis, maternal weight, and fetal growth.
Methods A total of 55 pregnant nonobese, nondiabetic Caucasian women were examined during the three trimesters of pregnancy, and anthropometric measurements, evaluation of fasting maternal plasma GLP1 (active), ghrelin (active), total PYY, total GIP, and a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test were done in them. Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-R), insulin sensitivity index (ISI), and indices of insulin secretion were calculated. Fetal growth was estimated by ultrasound.
Results Fasting GLP1 increased significantly from the second to the third trimester (P<0.05). Fasting GLP1 correlated positively with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r=0.52, P=0.04). At the second trimester, fasting GLP1 levels correlated negatively with fetal abdomen circumference (r=−0.55, P=0.034), birth weight (r=−0.50, P=0.040), HOMA-R (r=−0.65, P=0.001), insulin secretion, and triglycerides. At the first trimester, fasting ghrelin levels correlated negatively with HOMA-R and insulin secretion, and positively with ISI. In backward multiple regression analysis, the first trimester GLP1 levels were the best negative predictors of the second trimester fetal abdomen circumference (β=−0.96, P=0.009). In longitudinal regression model, maternal fat and HOMA-R were the positive predictors of maternal weight change during pregnancy, and fasting GLP1 levels were the negative predictors of maternal weight change during pregnancy.
Conclusions During pregnancy, maternal GLP1 might be involved in mechanisms that compensate for the pregnancy-related increase in glycemia and insulin resistance, suggesting a role of this peptide in maternal metabolism and weight and fetal growth