Identifikacija virusa infektivnih za običnu tikvu (Cucurbita pepo L.) u Jugoslaviji

This study was carried out in order to identify the major viruses infecting pumpkins (Cucurbita pepo)grown in Serbia. Leaf samples from virus-infected pumpkin plants were collected in mid-July 2001. Naked-seeded and hulled oil pumpkins, patty pan, zucchini and summer squash from three different locations were included (Table 1). Virus-infected plants showed different symptoms (Table 2 and Figures 1-4). Due to the great variability of the symptoms, the causal viruses could not be fully and precisely determined by visual examination only. The infected samples were tested by the biotest, as well as by two serological methods, ELISA and EBIA. Polyclonal antibodies raised against cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (CMV), zucchini yellow mosaic potyvirus (ZYMV), watermelon mosaic potyvirus 1 (WMV-1), watermelon mosaic potyvirus 2 (WMV-2) and squash mosaic comovirus (SqMV) were used. In each of the 50 collected samples one or two viruses were detected (Tables 3 and 4). The most prevalent viruses infecting pumpkins were ZYMV (62%) and CMV (58%). WMV-2 was extremely rare.Cilj ovih istraživanja bio je da se identifikuju najvažniji virusi tikava (Cucurbita pepo L) gajenih u Srbiji. Uzorci biljnog materijala uljane tikve-golice, uljane tikve sa ljuskom, tikvice za jelo, patisona i cukinija koji su bili zaraženi virusima, sakupljeni su u tri lokaliteta sredinom jula 2001. godine (tab. 1). Biljke zaražene virusima pokazivale su različite simptome (tab. 2 i sl. 1-4). Tačna determinacija virusa samo na osnovu simptoma nije moguća zbog varijabilnosti samih simptoma. Zaraženi uzorci su testirani biotestom kao i primenom dve serološke metode, ELISA i EBIA korišćenjem poliklonalnih antitela na Cucumber mosaic cucomovirus (CMV) Zucchini yellow mosaic potyvirus (ZYMV), Watermelon mosaic potyvirus 2 (WMV-2), Watermelon mosaic potyvirus 1 (WMV-1) i Squash mosaic comovirus (SqMV). U 50 ispitanih uzoraka detektovan je jedan ili dva virusa (tab. 3 i 4). Preovlađujući virusi tikava bili su ZYMV (62%) i CMV (58%). WMV-2 je detektovan u veoma malom broju uzoraka

Biološka i serološka karakterizacija virusa tikvica u Jugoslaviji

A survey on summer squash open field crops was carried out during 2000 and 2001 in order to identify the major viruses infecting these crops in different localities. Plants showed different types of symptoms: mild mosaic, chlorotic spotting, distinctive mosaic, blistering of leaf lamina leaf yellowing, deformation of leaf lamina, knobbed fruits and stunting of plants. The symptoms were very variable but showed the viral nature of the investigated summer squash diseases. The collected samples were tested by bioassay and by two serological methods ELISA and EBIA using cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (CMV), zucchini yellow mosaic potyvirus (ZYMV), watermelon mosaic potyvirus 2 (WMV-2), zucchini yellow flack potyvirus (ZYFV) watermelon mosaic potyvirus 1 (WMV-1), squash mosaic comovirus (SqMV) and cucurbit aphid-borne yellows polerovirus (CABYV) polyclonal antisera. In all tested samples single or mixed infection with ZYMV, CMV and WMV-2 was detected. The most prevalent virus infecting summer squash was ZYMV. This is the first report of ZYMV, the most destructive virus infecting cucurbits, in Yugoslavia. It was also proven that the identified viruses are transmissible by Aphis gossypii in a non-persistent manner, but possible role of seed in virus transmission was not confirmed.U toku 2000. i 2001. godine izvršen je pregled useva tikvica za jelo da bi se identifikovali osnovni virusi infektivni za tikvice u različitim lokalitetima. Biljke su pokazivale različite simptome: blagi mozaik hlorotičnu pegavost, izraženi mozaik, klobučavost liske, žućenje lista deformacije liske, bradavičaste izraštaje na plodu i kržljavost biljaka. Simptomi su veoma varijabilni i na osnovu njih se ne može obaviti determinacija virusa prouzrokovača oboljenja. Sakupljeni uzorci su testirani biotestom, kao i sa dve serološke metode, ELISA i EBIA korišćenjem poliklonalnih antiseruma na cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (CMV), zucchini yellow mosaic potyvirus (ZYMV), watermelon mosaic potyvirus 2 (WMV-2) zucchini yellow flack potyvirus (ZYFV), watermelon mosaic potyvirus 1 (WMV-1), squash mosaic comovirus (SqMV) i cucurbit aphid-borne yellows polerovirus (CABYV). U svim ispitivanim uzorcima dokazana je pojedinačna ili mešana infekcija sa ZYMV, WMV-2 i CMV. Najčešće infekcije su bile sa ZYMV. Ovaj virus, jedan od najdestruktivnijih virusa na vrežastim kulturama, prvi put je konstatovan u našoj zemlji. Takođe je utvrđeno da se identifikovani virusi prenose na neperzistentan način vašima Aphis gossypii, a moguća uloga semena u pojavi oboljenja nije potvrđena

Control co-design and resource allocation in edge computing and dynamic networks (Tutorial Session Proposal)

Tutorial at European Control Conference (ECC)The tutorial session brings together researchers in control, as well as networks and communications, with the aim of presenting recent advances, and leading open problems, in modeling and decision making for network optimisation, resource allocation and management in distributed computing, wireless sensor and actuator networks, and control co-design

Panic Attack during Elective Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

Background. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and colonoscopy (CS) can evoke anxiety, embarrassment, and discomfort. These concerns can culminate in panic attacks, which may traumatize patients and significantly decrease their compliance to the procedure. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between preendoscopic anxiety and the possibility of a panic attack during an elective gastrointestinal endoscopy (EGE). Methods. The study population comprised of 79 Greek outpatients. The examination was carried out without the use of conscious sedation. Patients' anxiety levels were assessed before the procedure using the Greek version of the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Y). Results. Seventy-nine patients were enrolled: 45 EGD and 34 CS. Females had higher state and trait anxiety levels than males (48.14 ± 7.94 versus 44.17 ± 7.43, P < 0.05; and 43.68 ± 6.95 versus 39.86 ± 7.46, P < 0.05). Patients who experienced panic attack had significantly higher levels of both trait and state anxiety, compared to those who were panic-free. There was no significant relationship between panic attacks and sex or type of procedure. Conclusions. Patients who experience panic attacks during endoscopic procedures appear to have significantly higher anxiety levels before the procedure. Administering the STAI questionnaire prior to the endoscopy seems to be a useful screening method for vulnerable patients

Synthesis of 2D Germanane (GeH):a New, Fast, and Facile Approach

Germanane (GeH), a germanium analogue of graphane, has recently attracted considerable interest because its remarkable combination of properties makes it an extremely suitable candidate to be used as 2D material for field effect devices, photovoltaics, and photocatalysis. Up to now, the synthesis of GeH has been conducted by substituting Ca by H in a beta-CaGe2 layered Zintl phase through topochemical deintercalation in aqueous HCl. This reaction is generally slow and takes place over 6 to 14 days. The new and facile protocol presented here allows to synthesize GeH at room temperature in a significantly shorter time (a few minutes), which renders this method highly attractive for technological applications. The GeH produced with this method is highly pure and has a band gap (E-g) close to 1.4 eV, a lower value than that reported for germanane synthesized using HCl, which is promising for incorporation of GeH in solar cells

A systems approach identifies co-signaling molecules of early growth response 1 transcription factor in immobilization stress

Adaptation to stress is critical for survival. The adrenal medulla, the major source of epinephrine, plays an important role in the development of the hyperadenergic state and increased risk for stress associated disorders, such as hypertension and myocardial infarction. The transcription factor Egr1 plays a central role in acute and repeated stress, however the complexity of the response suggests that other transcription factor pathways might be playing equally important roles during acute and repeated stress. Therefore, we sought to discover such factors by applying a systems approach. Using microarrays and network analysis we show here for the first time that the transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) gene is activated in acute stress whereas the prolactin releasing hormone (Prlh11) and chromogranin B (Chgb) genes are induced in repeated immobilization stress and that along with Egr1 may be critical mediators of the stress response. Our results suggest possible involvement of Stat3 and Prlh1/Chgb up-regulation in the transition from short to repeated stress activation