Associations between socio-environmental determinants and the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis in Guilan, Iran

Background: Certain social determinants may influence host susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB) infections, and increase the risk of developing the disease. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of several host and environmental factors on the risk of TB in northern Iranian households. Patients and Methods: This case control study was conducted for one year between 2010 and 2011 in the Guilan province in Iran. Eightyseven confirmed TB positive cases, based on convenience sampling, were included in this study. A patient positive for TB was confirmed by a positive sputum smear, chest X-ray, and clinical manifestations as diagnosed by a physician. The data were collected using observational methods, and were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: The average mean age of the TB cases was 51±22 years old, and 40.2 (35/87) of the TB cases were male and 59.8 (52/87) were female. The majority of TB cases were from rural areas (71.3, 62/87), while 28.7 (25/87) were from urban areas. Significant differences (P < 0.001) were observed between the geographical conditions and distribution of the disease. The room density of the individuals was significantly different (2.9±1.2 vs. 2.2±1.9, P<0.002) among the TB cases and control group, respectively. A statistical difference was observed between the groups in terms of the building materials (P < 0.05), while significantly inadequate UV irradiation was seen in the houses of the TB patients, compared to the control group (82.8 vs. 14.9,P<0.001). The hygiene of the houses seemed to be a significant risk factor (P<0.001) for TB infection.Conclusions: The results suggest that in the studied region several host and environmental factors were associated with higher risks of TB infection. © 2016, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center

Antibiotic resistance pattern and distribution of psla gene among biofilm producing pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from waste water of a burn center

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is considered as a major cause of hospital-acquired infections due to its high antibacterial resistance. Biofilm formation is a well-known pathogenic mechanism in P. aeruginosa infections, since sessile bacteria are protected in an extracellular matrix of exopolysaccharide. The expression of polysaccharide synthesis locus (pslA gene) can be important for biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa. Objectives: The purpose of this research was to evaluate the antibiotic resistance pattern and distribution of the pslA gene among biofilm-producing P. aeruginosa isolates obtained from waste water of Burn Centre in Guilan, Iran. Materials and Methods: Fifty isolates of P. aeruginosa were obtained from waste water of a burn center. The P. aeruginosa isolates were identified using standard bacteriological procedures. Drug susceptibility test was performed by disk diffusion method for all the isolates against nine antimicrobial agents. Biofilm formation was measured by microtiter plate assay. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to identify the presence of the pslA gene among the isolates. Results: Biofilm formation was observed in 70 of the P. aeruginosa isolates. The potential formation of biofilm was significantly associated with resistance to gentamicin, imipenem, tobramycin and piperacillin. In addition, the pslA gene only existed in biofilm-producing isolates with a frequency of 42.9 (n = 15).Conclusions: The findings of the present study well demonstrated that the P. aeruginosa biofilm-producing isolates were more resistant to the tested antibiotics. Furthermore, because of wide distribution, it seems that the pslA gene is associated with biofilm formation. � 2015, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences

Data for: Evaluation of the immune responses following co-administration of PilQ and type b-Flagellin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the burn mouse model

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Temperature, osmotic and pH stress are associated with antibiotic susceptibility changes in Staphylococcus aureus

&lt;p&gt;The role of bacteria, especially Staphylococcus aureus in health and processing of food are inevitable. During food processing, bacteria are exposed to a variety of stresses and effect on bacterial physiology, which could be varied based on pathogen and nature of stress. The present study aimed to investigate the probable effect of some environmental stresses on the antibiotic susceptibility of S. aureus toward different antibiotic.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Resistant subpopulation of S. aureus ATCC 25923 was selected by exposure to different environmental stresses and subjected for further analysis. The antibiotic susceptibility of unstressed (control) and stressed S. aureus strain was performed by the disk diffusion method. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was used to analyze the pooled proteins from each condition.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Antibiotic susceptibility results revealed all unstressed strains were susceptible to tested agents, while stressed isolated showed a different susceptibility pattern. In general, acid, alkaline and cold stresses were associated with increasing the resistance to tested antibiotics. However, high temperature and osmotic pressure by glucose concentration were mostly associated with increased susceptibility to antibacterial agents. Analysis of SDS-PAGE results showed protein profile changes in stressed cells compared to unstressed strain.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In summary, our results indicated that S. aureus strains could undeniably tolerant wide range of environmental stresses and successfully growth after stress elimination. Moreover, we found that survived stressed S. aureus are mostly associated with changes in antibiotic susceptibility.&lt;/p&gt

Data for: Evaluation of the immune responses following co-administration of PilQ and type b-Flagellin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the burn mouse model

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Role of Wnt signaling on proliferation of menstrual blood derived stem cells

Aim: Menstrual blood derived stem cells (MenSCs) are unique stem cells that have been isolated and identified recently. The special traits of MenSCs can be related to the cell signaling pathways. In this study, in order to find out the role of Wnt signaling on MenSCs proliferation, we evaluated ß-catenin expression as a key participant in Wnt signaling pathway in response to Lithium chloride (LiCl). Methods: MenSCs were isolated from healthy women by combining gradient density centrifugation with plastic adherence. After characterization of the isolated cells, cell proliferation of MenSCs in presence of 10-15 mM LiCl was evaluated by MTT assay. ß-catenin expression of the treated cells was examined using immunofluorescence technique. Results: Flow cytometric analysis revealed that both mesenchymal and embryonic stem cell markers are expressed on menstrual blood stem cells. MTT value decreased depending on the LiCl concentration. The proliferation of MenSCs cultivated in culture media containing 15mM LiCl was approximately two fold less than those grown without LiCl (p<0.01). Moreover, nuclear accumulation of ß-catenin protein in cells treated by LiCl was greater than cells without LiCl. Conclusion: The MenSCs are stem cell populations with high proliferation ability and unique immunophenotyping properties. Our results demonstrated that Wnt signaling pathway regulates MenSCs proliferation via trans-localization of activated-ß-catenin protein

Study on antibacterial activity of newly synthesized derivatives of pyranopyrazole, pyrazolo[1,2-b]phtalazine and bis-pyrazole

&lt;p&gt;In recent years, due to a sharp increase of antibiotic resistance, synthesized derivative compounds have been considered as a superseded source for new drugs. With regard to the high therapeutic behavior of isatin derivatives from many aspects of drug discovery, in this study, the antibacterial effects of newly synthesized derivatives of pyranopyrazole, pyrazolo[1,2-b]phtalazine and bis-pyrazole against Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis were examined.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Twelve individual compounds were weighted and prepared at a final concentration of 1 mg/mL in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Bacterial test organisms were maintained in nutrient agar slants at 4ºC and subcultured in Petri plates prior to use. The tested compounds are randomly added into the wells with a 100 μl volume on the plate under sterile condition and then were incubated at 37ºC for 24 hours. All experiments were repeated three times and the mean values are reported as the results. The antibacterial effects of the compounds that produced ≥ 8mm zone of inhibition were tested quantitatively by Micro broth dilution method for determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) value. After incubation overnight, the first tube with clean appearance determined the MIC.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;According to the results, the MIC of the compounds defined as c and d against S. aureus is 64 (μg/ml). It is found that the synthesized compounds are only effective against S. aureus.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The comparison of the maximum zone of inhibition (22±0.4) and MICs between the present study and those in literature, shows the privilege of using compound c and d against S. aureus.&lt;/p&gt