Detail reproduction of elastomeric materials: effect of viscosity and groove geometry / Nik Zarina Nik Mahmood … [et al.]

Objective: To evaluate the effect of type of viscosity and groove on surface detail reproduction of elastomeric impression materials. Methods: Two polyvinylsiloxane and polyether elastomeric impression materials were investigated. An aluminium cylindrical reference block with V- and U-shaped grooves of 1 mm and 2 mm in depth was machined using CAD-CAM system. Impressions of the block were taken to produce 35 master dies. Each die was immersed in distilled water for 5 minutes prior to impression making. Surface topography of the dies and impressions were captured using Alicona Imaging System. Mean difference in depth between the master dies and corresponding impressions' grooves were analyzed. Results: Type of viscosities and groove showed significant main effects on surface detail (p .01). Express™ putty/light exhibited the lowest mean difference in depth for all grooves. The highest mean difference for U₁ (38.3|jm ± 21.55), U₂ (52.96pm ± 30.39)^ (45.02pm ± 34.82) and V₂ (58.44pm ± 44.19) was obtained from Impregum medium, Aquasil medium, Impregum™ heavy/light and Impregum™ heavy/light groups respectively. Conclusion: Express putty/light-bodied material produced the best surface detail, and Ushaped groove showed superior detail reproduction

Kelewatan Dalam Kelulusan Pelan Pembangunan Dari Perspektif Pihak Berkuasa: Kajlan Kes: Negeri Kelantan Dan Pulau Pinang

Kelewatan dalam memberikan kelulusan pelan pembangunan adalah isu lama yang dihangatkan semula ekoran kenyataan Perdana Menteri, Yang Amat Berhormat Dato' Seri Dr. Mahathir Mohamad. Delay in approval of development plans is an ollt-dated issue that came intn picture again after a press statement made by the Prime Minister, Y.A.B. Dato' Seri Dr. Mahathir Bin Mohama

A Cross Sectional Study Of Postmenopausal Experiences And Self-Care Actions Of Kelantanese Women In Malaysia.

Menopause is associated with numerous transient typical and atypical symptoms. It is believed that Asian women suffer more of the atypical .symptoms and fewer, and with lesser severity, the typical psychological and vasomotor symptoms then the western women. This study reports the incidence and nature of menopausal symptoms in Kelantanese women and the self-care action taken by them

Lifelong learning : issues of effective implementation

Lifelong Learning is becoming more important as the median age of the world and the pace of change continues to increase. It has become part of key national development strategy to update and upgrade the knowledge of its citizen to meet the challenges of globalization. This paper reviews the goals and process of lifelong learning, which may be academic or nonacademic, pre-employment or post-employment, formal, semi-formal or informal. It then examines the deployment of modern information communication technology (ICT), and its effects of accelerating the life-long learning process. Among the modes of delivery, the authors contended that Open and Distance Learning (ODL) with blended mode of delivery is perhaps the most effective means of implementing lifelong learning. The issues of assessment and accreditation, especially the validation and recognition of informal learning remain one of the main obstacles to the implementation of lifelong learning. (Authors' abstract

Cloning and expression of pullulanase gene from locally isolated bacillus SP

Bacterial pullulanase represents one of th e starch-degrading enzymes that are widely used in the starch processing indu stry along with amylases. Amylases hydrolyze a -(1,4 )-glycosidic linkage in starch to produce a mixture of glucose , maltooligo sacchari de and limited a-dextrin. All the remaining a -(1,6)-glycosid ic branches in the products are hydrolyzed by p ullulanase. This is an advantage t o improve glucose production by coupling pullulanase and amylase in the p rocess. As such, many pullulana e enzyme has been isolated and one has been showing optimum pH of 10-10.5 which is suitable for use in dishwasher detergent additive in removal of star ch stain. We have recently iso lated a few bacterias that have shown potentially pullulanase producers by the holo-zone in pullulan-plate assay. One of them, we named Bacillus –1 sho ws a bigger holo-zone among others, Bacillus- 1 is highly active in pH more than 7. The enzyme also shows a mo derate activity to wards starch that may be indicates be side hydrolyzes a -(1,6)-glycosidic linkage in starch, it also hydrolyzes a -(1,4)- glycosidi c simi lar to a -amylase. Unfortunately the enzyme from wild-type bacteria is in lower yield an d in this studies, we intend to clone and sequence the pullulanase gene and also expressed the gene in a high expression system to be able to produce in a high yield before characterizing expressed protein

The impact of fixed prosthodontic education kit on patients’ awareness and knowledge in Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) / Nik Rahayyu Nik Zulkifeli … [et al.]

The study aims to develop Fixed Prosthodontic Education Kit(FPEK) to measure patients’ awareness and knowledge on fixed prosthodontic treatment options. The patients’ knowledge in advantages and disadvantages of each type of prosthesis was also evaluated. Methods. The study was divided into 2 parts: 1) Development of the kit, 2) Modification, validation and questionnaire distribution to patients. The kit comprises of various types of bridge and crown in a rectangular box, flashcards and a video. In Part 2, a quantitative study using a modified and validated self-administered questionnaire from previous studies. It was randomly distributed to 343 participants who later were divided into 2 groups; Group 1, assisted with Fixed Prosthodontic Education Kit(FPEK) and verbal-assisted Group 2. The participants were invited to answer a 5-points likert scale, nine items questionnaire with awareness and knowledge domains. Data was recorded in SPSS version 25. An independent t-test was used for statistical analysis with p <0.05. Result: No significant difference was found on the awareness of the fixed prosthodontics among the groups prior to the introduction of the kit.Patient’s also has higher knowledge in advantages and disadvantages of each type of prosthesis when analyzed using Independent t-test (p=0.00). Conclusion: A Fixed Prosthodontic Education Kit is a useful education tool to provide knowledge and create awareness to patients. It facilitates dental practitioners and provides higher impact in giving information before a decision-making of the treatment prescribed

The Influence of Innovation Types towards Small Medium Enterprises Performance: A Study of Malaysian Manufacturing Industry

Malaysian SMEs is very important to the country especially in contribution to creating more job opportunities, generating higher production volumes, increase export and many others. SMEs has been recognized because of the essential role that has been carried out towards the economic growth, but it is actually disappointed because the fact shows that the developments and performances of Malaysian SME considered low if compared to the others developing's country. Even though numerous government efforts have been and are being implemented over the years, SMEs performance is still not achieved as expected. In addition, with globalization economy nowadays, SME also faced the difficulties in order to sustain and survive especially to compete with the foreign company. The competition from the foreign company has forced SME to strategies their organization to be more competitive particularly through innovation performance. Therefore, this study has selected innovation as variables and aim to find out the influence of innovation towards Malaysian SME performance. This study measured innovation by four types of innovation namely product innovation, process innovation, administrative innovation, and marketing innovation. SMEs performance was measured from the perspective of financial and non-financial. The survey was conducted among top-level management of 440 Manufacturing SME in Malaysia. The data was analyzed through Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and the hypotheses were tested through regression analysis. Keywords: Product innovation, process innovation, administrative innovation, marketing innovation, Small Medium Enterprises, Manufacturing, Malaysia

Solution Properties of Polysaccharides from Anacardium occidentale

The viscosities of fractions of polysaccharide obtained from Anacardium occidentale dissolved in aqueous solutions were measured. Investigation by potentiometric titration and determination of common metal ion contents in the gum indicated that the solubility and viscosity differences of the fractions may be attributable to the difference in the degree of acylation and the content of the divalent cations present in the fractions. The fractions with higher degrees of acylation form a gel, but when partially deacylated disperse in water to form a stable gel dispersion. The higher viscosity exhibited by the soluble fraction is attributable to the higher content of divalent cations

The Relationship Between Factors on Informal Learning and Transfer of Learning of Managerial Knowledge and Skills Among Head Nurses in Two Government Hospitals in Kelantan

Today more and more organizations are seeking ways to establish continuous learning environment which requires organization to extend beyond formal training program to cultivate ongoing interaction among employees and to promote learning methods that are drawn upon employees previous experience. A central ingredient of continuous learning environment is informal learning. Hospitals are among the organizations that are committed to employees' continuous learning. Nurses are encouraged to continue to learn from their mistake and increase the quality of their care and services. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of informal learning in developing managerial knowledge and skills and transfer of learning among head nurses. Specifically, this study was undertaken to examine: (1) the learning activities mostly used by the head nurses to learn managerial skills; (2) the specific informal learning activities used by the head nurses to learn managerial skills; (3) the relationship between informal learning, motivation to learn and work environment and learning (i.e. level of knowledge and skills); (4) the relationship between informal learning, motivation to learn and work environment and transfer of learning; (5) the mediating role of learning (i-e. level of knowledge and skills) in the relationship between informal learning, motivation to learn, and work environment and transfer of learning; (6) the influence of informal learning, motivation to learn and work environment on learning (i.e. level of knowledge and skills) and (7) influence of informal learning, motivation to learn and work environment on transfer of learning. The theoretical framework which guides this study was Watkins and Marsick's (1990) theory of informal and incidental learning, Vroom's (1964) expectancy theory and Baldwin and Ford's (1988) transfer model. A total of 82 head nurses from two hospitals in the state of Kelantan participated in the study. Data were collected by the survey method. Data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Firstly, results of the descriptive statistics analysis revealed that head nurses gained managerial knowledge and learned managerial skills mostly from informal learning activities. Secondly, the specific informal learning activity used by head nurses to learn managerial skills were mostly learning from trial and error, learning from past experience, learning through mentoring, learning through observation, learning form interaction with others and learning through role-modeling. Thirdly, the results of the study showed a low and significant correlation between informal learning, motivation to learn, and work environment with level of learning and transfer of learning. Fourthly, level of learning was a good mediating variable for the relationship between informal learning, motivation to learn, work environment and transfer of learning. Finally, results of multiple regression analysis revealed that motivation to learn explains 15.5% variance in learning and 16.7 variance in transfer of learning whereas informal learning explain 12.2% of variance in level of learning and 13.4% of variance in transfer of learning. Theoretical and practical implications and contributions were discussed in Chapter 5