Temperature dependence of the impurity-induced resonant state in Zn-doped Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O8+δ_{8+\delta} by Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy

We report on the temperature dependence of the impurity-induced resonant state in Zn-doped Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O$_{8+\delta}$ by scanning tunneling spectroscopy at 30 mK < T < 52 K. It is known that a Zn impurity induces a sharp resonant peak in tunnel spectrum at an energy close to the Fermi level. We observed that the resonant peak survives up to 52 K. The peak broadens with increasing temperature, which is explained by the thermal effect. This result provides information to understand the origin of the resonant peak.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev.

Determination of the mosaic angle distribution of Grafoil platelets using continuous-wave NMR spectra

We described details of a method to estimate with good accuracy the mosaic angle distributions of microcrystallites (platelets) in exfoliated graphite like Grafoil which is commonly used as an adsorption substrate for helium thin films. The method is based on analysis of resonance field shifts in continuous-wave (CW) NMR spectra of $^{3}$He ferromagnetic monolayers making use of the large nuclear polarization of the adsorbate itself. The mosaic angle distribution of a Grafoil substrate analyzed in this way can be well fitted to a gaussian form with a $27.5\pm2.5$ deg spread. This distribution is quite different from the previous estimation based on neutron scattering data which showed an unrealistically large isotropic powder-like component.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure

Extrinsic Spin Hall Effect Induced by Iridium Impurities in Copper

We study the extrinsic spin Hall effect induced by Ir impurities in Cu by injecting a pure spin current into a CuIr wire from a lateral spin valve structure. While no spin Hall effect is observed without Ir impurity, the spin Hall resistivity of CuIr increases linearly with the impurity concentration. The spin Hall angle of CuIr, $(2.1 \pm 0.6)$% throughout the concentration range between 1% and 12%, is practically independent of temperature. These results represent a clear example of predominant skew scattering extrinsic contribution to the spin Hall effect in a nonmagnetic alloy.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Micropropagation of Vitis amurensis Rupr.: An improved protocol

Research NoteAn efficient micropropagation procedure of V. amurensis cv. Zuoshan 1 was established. NAA combined with BA resulted in callus formation and inhibition of shoot growth, whereas a combination of 0.3 M IAA and 4.4 M BA gave highest shoot growth and multiplication. IAA at 2.8 and 5.7 M led to high root formation of shoots. 30 g l-1 sucrose was needed for high shoot growth, while high rooting was achieved with 0-20 g l-1 sucrose. Intact leaves are required for a high level of shoot rooting.

Charge and Spin Transport at the Quantum Hall Edge of Graphene

Landau level bending near the edge of graphene, described using 2d Dirac equation, provides a microscopic framework for understanding the quantum Hall Effect (QHE) in this material. We review properties of the QHE edge states in graphene, with emphasis on the novel phenomena that arise due to Dirac character of electronic states. A method of mapping out the dispersion of the edge states using scanning tunneling probes is proposed. The Zeeman splitting of Landau levels is shown to create a particularly interesting situation around the Dirac point, where it gives rise to counter-circulating modes with opposite spin. These chiral spin modes lead to a rich variety of spin transport phenomena, including spin Hall effect, spin filtering and injection, and electric detection of spin current. The estimated Zeeman spin gap, enhanced by exchange, of a few hundred Kelvin, makes graphene an attractive system for spintronics. Comparison to recent transport measurements near nu=0 is presented.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures, invited pape

Spin-Echo Measurements for an Anomalous Quantum Phase of 2D Helium-3

Previous heat-capacity measurements of our group had shown the possible existence of an anomalous quantum phase containing the zero-point vacancies (ZPVs) in 2D $^{3}$He. The system is monolayer $^{3}$He adsorbed on graphite preplated with monolayer $^{4}$He at densities ($\rho$) just below the 4/7 commensurate phase ($0.8\leq \rho /\rho_{4/7}\leq 1$). We carried out pulsed-NMR measurements in order to examine the microscopic and dynamical nature of this phase. The measured decay of spin echo signals shows the non-exponential behaviour. The decay curve can be fitted with the double exponential function, but the relative intensity of the component with a longer time constant is small (5%) and does not depend on density and temperature, which contradicts the macroscopic fluid and 4/7 phase coexistence model. This slowdown is likely due to the mosaic angle spread of Grafoil substrate and the anisotropic spin-spin relaxation time $T_{2}$ in 2D systems with respect to the magnetic field direction. The inverse $T_2$ value deduced from the major echo signal with a shorter time constant, which obeys the single exponential function, decreases linearly with decreasing density from $n=1$, supporting the ZPV model.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figure

Magnetism as a mass term of the edge states in graphene

The magnetism by the edge states in graphene is investigated theoretically. An instability of the pseudo-spin order of the edge states induces ferrimagnetic order in the presence of the Coulomb interaction. Although the next nearest-neighbor hopping can stabilize the pseudo-spin order, a strong Coulomb interaction makes the pseudo-spin unpolarized and real spin polarized. The magnetism of the edge states makes two peaks of the density of states in the conduction and valence energy bands near the Fermi point. Using a continuous model of the Weyl equation, we show that the edge-induced gauge field and the spin dependent mass terms are keys to make the magnetism of the edge states. A relationship between the magnetism of the edge states and the parity anomaly is discussed.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure

Boundary States in Graphene Heterojunctions

A new type of states in graphene-based planar heterojunctions has been studied in the envelope wave function approximation. The condition for the formation of these states is the intersection between the dispersion curves of graphene and its gap modification. This type of states can also occur in smooth graphene-based heterojunctions.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure