Información contextual sobre el endogrupo y su impacto en las actitudes hacia una marca novedosa

El efecto de la información contextual sobre el endogrupo nacional en las actitudes, explícitas e implícitas, hacia una marca novedosa, se estudia a partir de una muestra de estudiantes universitarios de Lima Metropolitana (n = 59). Los resultados muestran que la información negativa sobre el endogrupo ejerce una mayor influencia que la positiva en las actitudes explícitas. Este efecto se entiende por una habituación de los peruanos hacia la información positiva sobre su propio grupo, y un sesgo endogrupal que actúa cuando su identidad social se ve amenazada. Por otro lado, la falta de resultados evidentes en las actitudes implícitas se explica a partir del efecto del orden en el IAT. Estos hallazgos son relevantes para la industria publicitaria y el marketing en el Perú, que constantemente desarrollan campañas que exaltan los atributos de los peruanos y su país.Tesi

Stereotypes and valuations of Peruvian social groups in a sample of wealthy people from Lima = Estereotipos y valoración de grupos sociales peruanos en una muestra de personas de sectores sociales privilegiados de Lima

Peruvian society is characterized by its ethnical, cultural and socioeconomic diversity, which leads to complex intergroup relations. To contribute to understanding this phenomenon, the present study aims to examine the stereotypical representations and prejudice towards different Peruvian social groups by high-socioeconomic-status group members from Lima. The research used a mixed-method design for complementing two different approaches: a quantitative one, where questionnaires were administered to a sample of 90 participants; and a qualitative one, in which semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 participants. The results showed that the participants identified high- and low-status groups in the Peruvian society, and hold ambivalent stereotypical representations towards them. The participants identified and valued White Peruvians as high-status group members, who are competent and developed but also corrupt. On the other hand, they identified and valued Amazonian and African Peruvians to a lesser extent, who are considered as low-status, undeveloped but joyful groups. The study emphasizes the importance of social class attributes used in the formation of stereotypical representations and prejudice towards different Peruvian social groups

The FANCM:p.Arg658* truncating variant is associated with risk of triple-negative breast cancer

Abstract: Breast cancer is a common disease partially caused by genetic risk factors. Germline pathogenic variants in DNA repair genes BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, ATM, and CHEK2 are associated with breast cancer risk. FANCM, which encodes for a DNA translocase, has been proposed as a breast cancer predisposition gene, with greater effects for the ER-negative and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtypes. We tested the three recurrent protein-truncating variants FANCM:p.Arg658*, p.Gln1701*, and p.Arg1931* for association with breast cancer risk in 67,112 cases, 53,766 controls, and 26,662 carriers of pathogenic variants of BRCA1 or BRCA2. These three variants were also studied functionally by measuring survival and chromosome fragility in FANCM−/− patient-derived immortalized fibroblasts treated with diepoxybutane or olaparib. We observed that FANCM:p.Arg658* was associated with increased risk of ER-negative disease and TNBC (OR = 2.44, P = 0.034 and OR = 3.79; P = 0.009, respectively). In a country-restricted analysis, we confirmed the associations detected for FANCM:p.Arg658* and found that also FANCM:p.Arg1931* was associated with ER-negative breast cancer risk (OR = 1.96; P = 0.006). The functional results indicated that all three variants were deleterious affecting cell survival and chromosome stability with FANCM:p.Arg658* causing more severe phenotypes. In conclusion, we confirmed that the two rare FANCM deleterious variants p.Arg658* and p.Arg1931* are risk factors for ER-negative and TNBC subtypes. Overall our data suggest that the effect of truncating variants on breast cancer risk may depend on their position in the gene. Cell sensitivity to olaparib exposure, identifies a possible therapeutic option to treat FANCM-associated tumors

Contextual information about the Peruvian national ingroup and its effect on attitudes towards a novel brand

The effect of contextual information about the national ingroup on explicit and implicit attitudes towards a novel brand was studied on a sample of university students from the Lima Metropolitana area (n = 59). The results show that the negative information about the ingroup exerts more influence on explicit attitudes towards a novel brand than the positive information. This effect is understood as a habituation of Peruvians towards the positive contextual information about their group, and an ingroup bias that acts when their national identity is threatened by the negative input. This bias guides them towards explicitly favoring a product they consider related to their social identity. On the other hand, the lack of visible results on the implicit attitudes is explained by the order effect of the Implicit Attitudes Test (IAT). These findings are relevant for advertising and marketing industries in Peru, which constantly develop campaigns that extol Peru and the Peruvian identity

Contextual information about the Peruvian national ingroup and its effect on attitudes towards a novel brand

The effect of contextual information about the national ingroup on explicit and implicit attitudes towards a novel brand was studied on a sample of university students from the Lima Metropolitana area (n = 59). The results show that the negative information about the ingroup exerts more influence on explicit attitudes towards a novel brand than the positive information. This effect is understood as a habituation of Peruvians towards the positive contextual information about their group, and an ingroup bias that acts when their national identity is threatened by the negative input. This bias guides them towards explicitly favoring a product they consider related to their social identity. On the other hand, the lack of visible results on the implicit attitudes is explained by the order effect of the Implicit Attitudes Test (IAT). These findings are relevant for advertising and marketing industries in Peru, which constantly develop campaigns that extol Peru and the Peruvian identity.El efecto de la información contextual sobre el endogrupo nacional en las actitudes explícitas e implícitas hacia una marca novedosa fue estudiado en una muestra de estudiantes de la ciudad de Lima (n = 59). Los resultados muestran que la información negativa sobre el endogrupo ejerce mayor influencia que la información positiva en las actitudes explicitas hacia una marca novedosa. Este efecto es entendido como una habituación de los peruanos hacia la información contextual positiva acerca del endogrupo, y a un sesgo endogrupal que actúa cuando la identidad nacional se ve amenazada por información negativa. Este sesgo guía a los participantes a favorecer explícitamente aquel producto que consideran está relacionado con su identidad social. Por otra parte, la falta de resultados visibles en las actitudes implícitas es explicada por el efecto del orden del Test de Actitudes Implícitas (IAT). Estos hallazgos son relevantes para las industrias de marketing y publicidad en el Perú, las cuales constantemente desarrollan campañas que exaltan el Perú y la identidad peruana

Estereotipos y valoración de Grupos Sociales Peruanos en una muestra de Personas de sectores sociales privilegiados de Lima

Peruvian society is characterized by its ethnical, cultural and socioeconomic diversity, which leads to complex intergroup relations. To contribute to understanding this phenomenon, the present study aims to examine the stereotypical representations and prejudice towards different Peruvian social groups by highsocioeconomic- status group members from Lima. The research used a mixed-method design for complementing two different approaches: a quantitative one, where questionnaires were administered to a sample of 90 participants; and a qualitative one, in which semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 participants. The results showed that the participants identified high- and low-status groups in the Peruvian society, and hold ambivalent stereotypical representations towards them. The participants identified and valued White Peruvians as high-status group members, who are competent and developed but also corrupt. On the other hand, they identified and valued Amazonian and African Peruvians to a lesser extent, who are considered as low-status, undeveloped but joyful groups. The study emphasizes the importance of social class attributes used in the formation of stereotypical representations and prejudice towards different Peruvian social groups.A sociedade peruana é caracterizada por sua diversidade étnica, cultural e socioeconômico, o que leva ao estabelecimento de relacionamentos intergrupos complexos. Contribuir para a compreensão deste fenômeno, o presente estudo tem como objetivo examinar representações estereotipadas e preconceitos em relação diferentes grupos sociais da sociedade peruana, expressos por pessoas de setores socioeconômicos elevados da cidade de Lima. A pesquisa inclui um design misto que complementa dois abordagens diferentes: quantitativa, em que questionários foram aplicados a uma amostra de 90 participantes; e uma qualitativa, onde foi aplicada uma entrevista semiestruturada para 10 participantes Os resultados mostram que os participantes identificar grupos de alto e baixo status na sociedade peruana e eles mantêm representações estereotipadas ambivalentes estes. Participantes identificam e valorizam peruanos brancos como um grupo de classe alta, competente e desenvolvido, mas também corrupto. Enquanto isso, eles identificam e valorizam menos peruanos da Amazônia e afro-peruanos, que são considerados de baixo status, subdesenvolvidos, mas feliz O estudo enfatiza a importância atribuída à atributos de classe social que são usados ​​para a construção de representações estereotipadas e preconceitos em relação a vários grupos social no Peru.La sociedad peruana se caracteriza por su diversidad étnica, cultural y socio-económica, lo cual lleva al establecimiento de complejas relaciones intergrupales. Para contribuir a la comprensión de este fenómeno, el presente estudio tiene como objetivo examinar las representaciones estereotípicas y el prejuicio hacia diferentes grupos sociales de la sociedad peruana, expresados por personas de sectores socio-económicos altos de la ciudad de Lima. La investigación comprende un diseño mixto que complementa dos diferentes aproximaciones: una cuantitativa, donde cuestionarios fueron aplicados a una muestra de 90 participantes; y una cualitativa, en donde una entrevista semiestructurada fue aplicada a 10 participantes. Los resultados muestran que los participantes identifican grupos de alto y bajo estatus en la sociedad peruana y mantienen representaciones estereotípicas ambivalentes hacia estos. Los participantes identifican y valoran a los peruanos blancos como un grupo de clase alta, competente y desarrollado, pero también corrupto. Mientras tanto, se identifican y valoran menos a los peruanos amazónicos y afroperuanos, los cuales son considerados como grupos de bajo estatus, subdesarrollados pero alegres. El estudio enfatiza en la importancia asignada a los atributos de clase social que se utilizan para la construcción de representaciones estereotípicas y prejuicio hacia diversos grupos sociales en el Perú

The FANCM:p.Arg658* truncating variant is associated with risk of triple-negative breast cancer

Breast cancer is a common disease partially caused by genetic risk factors. Germline pathogenic variants in DNA repair genes BRCA1, BRCA2, PAM, ATM, and CHEK2 are associated with breast cancer risk. FANCM, which encodes for a DNA translocase, has been proposed as a breast cancer predisposition gene, with greater effects for the ER-negative and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtypes. We tested the three recurrent protein-truncating variants FANCM:p.Arg658*, p.Gln1701*, and pArg1931* for association with breast cancer risk in 67,112 cases, 53,766 controls, and 26,662 carriers of pathogenic variants of BRCA1 or BRCA2. These three variants were also studied functionally by measuring survival and chromosome fragility in FANCM(-/-) patient-derived immortalized fibroblasts treated with diepoxybutane or olaparib. We observed that FANCM:p.Arg658* was associated with increased risk of ER-negative disease and TNBC (OR = 2.44, P = 0.034 and OR = 3.79; P = 0.009, respectively). In a country-restricted analysis, we confirmed the associations detected for FANCM:p.Arg658* and found that also FANCM:p.Arg1931* was associated with ER-negative breast cancer risk (OR = 1.96; P = 0.006). The functional results indicated that all three variants were deleterious affecting cell survival and chromosome stability with FANCM:p.Arg658* causing more severe phenotypes. In conclusion, we confirmed that the two rare FANCM deleterious variants p.Arg658* and p.Arg1931* are risk factors for ER-negative and TNBC subtypes. Overall our data suggest that the effect of truncating variants on breast cancer risk may depend on their position in the gene. Cell sensitivity to olaparib exposure, identifies a possible therapeutic option to treat FANCM-associated tumors