One size doesn't fit all

201

Work package 2: Exploring the status quo of economics of animal health

201

Tracing Metrical Skills in North Samoyedic Sung Expression

publishedVersionPeer reviewe

Combining clauses in interaction. The "voi olla että" '(it) may be that' utterance in Finnish.

This study investigates the Finnish bipartite utterance that consists of a display of an epistemic stance by voi olla ‘(it) may be’ and a span of talk initiated by että ‘that’ following it. It is shown that in a sequence-initiating turn, the voi olla että ‘(it) may be that’ utterance conveys a lack of knowledge of a state of affairs. By contrast, in a responding turn, the voi olla että ‘(it) may be that’ utterance commonly cooperates with the preference displayed by the prior speaker's turn, and the implied lack of knowledge may not be as real as in an initiating turn. Moreover, the study demonstrates that the relative prominence of a bipartite utterance differs according to its sequential position. In an initiating turn, the talk following voi olla is more prominent, which reflects the function of the turn as initiating something new. By contrast, in a responding turn, voi olla gains more prominence than the talk that follows it, because the stance it expresses cooperates with a preference displayed by the co-participant's prior action. The data for this study are drawn from audio and videotaped interactions between friends and relatives, as well as from customer service encounters. The study is informed by the method of conversation analysis.This study focusses on the Finnish utterance type that consists of voi olla '(it) may be' and a span of talk initiated by et(ta) 'that', that follows it. The analysis demonstrates that in an initiating turn, the utterance initiated by the voi olla etta '(it) may be that' expresses a lack of knowledge of a state of affairs and usually provides for an expansion on the topic. By contrast, in a responding turn, the displayed lack of knowledge is often related to producing a hedged affirmative answer. Moreover, the study argues that the relative prominence of the two parts of the utterance differ according to its sequential position. In an initiating turn, the talk following voi olla is more prominent. This reflects the function of the turn as initiating something new, which is presented in the talk after et(ta). However, in a responding turn, voi olla gains more prominence than the talk following it, because the stance that voi olla expresses embodies an alignment with the co-participant's prior action. The data used for this study are drawn from audio and videotaped interactions between friends and relatives, as well as customer-service encounters. The methodology for the study is conversation analysis. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Peer reviewe

Two 'yeah but' formats in Finnish. The prior action engaging nii mut and the disengaging joo mut utterances

Peer reviewe

MODELLING THE DYNAMICS OF PRODUCTION ADJUSTMENT TO SHORT-TERM MARKET SHOCKS

Models of agricultural economics typically operate at an annual basis or in a static equilibrium framework where inputs, outputs and their prices may change considerably. Production dynamics, however, imply that models relying on spatial and temporal aggregation do not capture the effects of biological constraints in the short run. This paper examines short and long-term impacts of demand and production cost shocks in the pig sector. The analysis is carried out with a dynamic programming model which takes into account changes in export and domestic demand and market clearing price. It optimizes the supply of piglets on a monthly basis. Econometric techniques are used to estimate demand functions. Short-term negative market shocks can already have significant income effects to agricultural producers. We simulated effects of pig meat export bans of different degrees due to livestock epidemics. Full closure of export markets for six months cost pig sector €21 million.pig, demand, dynamic programming, export, livestock epidemics, price, supply, Demand and Price Analysis, Livestock Production/Industries, Production Economics, Risk and Uncertainty,

Designing coordination contracts to support efficient flow-scheduling in pork chain

Risk management and efficient, well coordinated, flow-scheduling have an increasingly important role in the competitive pork production networks. Changes in input and output prices have resulted in distortions in the Finnish pig markets during the last years. The goal of this study is to estimate how different price or quantity-fixing contracts affect the values of pig and sow space unit under price risk. The values are estimated with two stochastic dynamic programming models. The results suggest that a contract which is able to control both the pattern of changes in piglet prices and the option to suspend production temporarily has a value and it can help to improve the competitiveness of the pig sector. However, it is feasible to have incentives towards the contract commitment when market situation upon accepting the commitment is favourable.vo

Price volatility and return on pig fattening under different price- quantity contract regimes

The goal of this study is to estimate how different price or quantity fixing contracts affect the value of pig space unit in pig fattening. The value of pig space unit is estimated with a stochastic dynamic programming algorithm. The model maximises the value of pig space unit by using four decision variables. The input-output ratios are endogenous and the option to suspend production temporarily is taken into account in the model. The results suggests that the smooth functioning of markets in Finland can be promoted by ensuring that price changes are transmitted smoothly between input and output markets, and that producers are compensated for giving up the option to suspend production temporarily in the event if unfavourable market situation. Instead of fixing only the price of output, the contract should aim at reducing the risk associated with gross margin.Demand and Price Analysis, Livestock Production/Industries,