Technique of elbow bending small jacketed transfer lines Patent

Elbow forming in jacketed pipes while maintaining separation between core shape and jacket pipe

A New Look at the Axial Anomaly in Lattice QED with Wilson Fermions

By carrying out a systematic expansion of Feynman integrals in the lattice spacing, we show that the axial anomaly in the U(1) lattice gauge theory with Wilson fermions, as determined in one-loop order from an irrelevant lattice operator in the Ward identity, must necessarily be identical to that computed from the dimensionally regulated continuum Feynman integrals for the triangle diagrams.Comment: 1 figure, LaTeX, 18 page

SMS texts on corruption help Ugandan voters hold elected councillors accountable at the polls

Many politicians manipulate information to prevent voters from holding them accountable; however, mobile text messages may make it easier for nongovernmental organizations to credibly share information on official corruption that is difficult for politicians to counter directly. We test the potential for texts on budget management to improve democratic accountability by conducting a large (n = 16,083) randomized controlled trial during the 2016 Ugandan district elections. In cooperation with a local partner, we compiled, simplified, and text-messaged official information on irregularities in local government budgets. Verified recipients of messages that described more irregularities than expected reported voting for incumbent councillors 6% less often; verified recipients of messages conveying fewer irregularities than expected reported voting for incumbent councillors 5% more often. The messages had no observable effect on votes for incumbent council chairs, potentially due to voters\u27 greater reliance on other sources of information for higher profile elections. These mixed results suggest that text messages on budget corruption help voters hold some politicians accountable in settings where elections are not free and fair

Information about service provision in Uganda is insufficient to affect voting behaviour

The quality of service provision in Uganda varies greatly across regions and between villages, and yet evidence suggests citizens’ are unable to assess these differences. A research experiment used SMS messages about public services to help Ugandans make informed voting decisions, but it found no effect on voting outcomes. Here is why information alone is sometimes insufficient to affect political behaviour

Individualized text messages about public services fail to sway voters: evidence from a field experiment on Ugandan elections

Mobile communication technologies can provide citizens access to information that is tailored to their specific circumstances. Such technologies may therefore increase citizens' ability to vote in line with their interests and hold politicians accountable. In a large-scale randomized controlled trial in Uganda (n = 16,083), we investigated whether citizens who receive private, timely, and individualized text messages by mobile phone about public services in their community punished or rewarded incumbents in local elections in line with the information. Respondents claimed to find the messages valuable and there is evidence that they briefly updated their beliefs based on the messages; however, the treatment did not cause increased votes for incumbents where public services were better than expected nor decreased votes where public services were worse than anticipated. The considerable knowledge gaps among citizens identified in this study indicate potential for communication technologies to effectively share civic information. Yet the findings imply that when the attribution of public service outcomes is difficult, even individualized information is unlikely to affect voting behavior

Entanglement, measurement, and conditional evolution of the Kondo singlet interacting with a mesoscopic detector

We investigate various aspects of the Kondo singlet in a quantum dot (QD) electrostatically coupled to a mesoscopic detector. The two subsystems are represented by an entangled state between the Kondo singlet and the charge-dependent detector state. We show that the phase-coherence of the Kondo singlet is destroyed in a way that is sensitive to the charge-state information restored both in the magnitude and in the phase of the scattering coefficients of the detector. We also introduce the notion of the `conditional evolution' of the Kondo singlet under projective measurement on the detector. Our study reveals that the state of the composite system is disentangled upon this measurement. The Kondo singlet evolves into a particular state with a fixed number of electrons in the quantum dot. Its relaxation time is shown to be sensitive only to the QD-charge dependence of the transmission probability in the detector, which implies that the phase information is erased in this conditional evolution process. We discuss implications of our observations in view of the possible experimental realization.Comment: Focus issue on "Interference in Mesoscopic Systems" of New J. Phy

Whole-field 3D Characterization of a Pulsating Jet using Synthetic Aperture Particle Image Velocimety

In this study synthetic aperture particle image velocimetry is used on an excised human vocal fold model to study the airflow over the vocal folds during voice production. For the first time, a whole-field, time-resolved, 3D description of the flow is presented over one cycle of vocal fold oscillation. Complex, unsteady, 3D flow behavior is observed as the jet evolves

Long-range coupling and scalable architecture for superconducting flux qubits

Constructing a fault-tolerant quantum computer is a daunting task. Given any design, it is possible to determine the maximum error rate of each type of component that can be tolerated while still permitting arbitrarily large-scale quantum computation. It is an underappreciated fact that including an appropriately designed mechanism enabling long-range qubit coupling or transport substantially increases the maximum tolerable error rates of all components. With this thought in mind, we take the superconducting flux qubit coupling mechanism described in PRB 70, 140501 (2004) and extend it to allow approximately 500 MHz coupling of square flux qubits, 50 um a side, at a distance of up to several mm. This mechanism is then used as the basis of two scalable architectures for flux qubits taking into account crosstalk and fault-tolerant considerations such as permitting a universal set of logical gates, parallelism, measurement and initialization, and data mobility.Comment: 8 pages, 11 figure