Woman is man\u27s best friend and her own worst enemy : jury bias

The Supreme Court recently ruled that no jury could be chosen on the basis of sex. This study was conducted to determine whether jury biases exist in the sentencing of murder cases. It was therefore hypothesized that women would judge female murderers more severely than their male counterpart. The severity of sentences were determined by the participants\u27 marks on a severity of sentence scale. These participants evaluated both domestic and mutilation murder cases, each of which varied in the gender of the accused. Using a 2X2 ANOVA in the evaluation of the results, no significant differences were found between the participants\u27 ratings of the two genders, yet, in support of previous results, females were found to rate mutilation murders significantly more severe. These results could be used during jury selection to minimize jury bias by excluding biased individuals from the jury, thus protecting the right to a fair trial

Flow Analysis, Linearity, and PTIME

Abstract. Flow analysis is a ubiquitous and much-studied component of compiler technology—and its variations abound. Amongst the most well known is Shivers ’ 0CFA; however, the best known algorithm for 0CFA requires time cubic in the size of the analyzed program and is unlikely to be improved. Consequently, several analyses have been de-signed to approximate 0CFA by trading precision for faster computation. Henglein’s simple closure analysis, for example, forfeits the notion of di-rectionality in flows and enjoys an “almost linear ” time algorithm. But in making trade-offs between precision and complexity, what has been given up and what has been gained? Where do these analyses differ and where do they coincide? We identify a core language—the linear λ-calculus—where 0CFA, simple closure analysis, and many other known approximations or restrictions to 0CFA are rendered identical. Moreover, for this core language, analysis corresponds with (instrumented) evaluation. Because analysis faithfully captures evaluation, and because the linear λ-calculus is complete for ptime, we derive ptime-completeness results for all of these analyses.

Causes of Noncompliance with International Law: A Field Experiment on Anonymous Incorporation

20110302 into the Experiments on Governance and Politics Registry once that registry was begun at e-gap.org. Of those interventions registered, we report on the FATF, Premium, Corruption, and Terrorism conditions in this article. All other interventions outlined in the registered document are reported in other work. In our registration, we indicated that we would report results dichotomously as compliant or noncompliant, given a response. We still report response and nonresponse followed by a compliance level, but we expanded the set of possible types of compliance (nonresponse, noncompliance, partial compliance, compliance, and refusal). Presenting the information this way is more precise and is also consistent with the registry document because the fuller set of outcomes contains all information the dichotomized measures capture (se

Delegating divisible sovereignty: Sweeping a conceptual minefield

Sovereignty, International organizations, Principal-agent theory, Delegation, Pooling, F53, K33, H11,