Generation of spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 patient-derived iPSC line H266

AbstractSpinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) is a neurodegenerative disease primarily affecting the cerebellum. Very little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying the disease and, to date, no cure or treatment is available. Here, we demonstrate the generation of an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line of a SCA2 patient. The selected clone has been proven to be a bona fide iPSC line, which retains a normal karyotype. Due to its differentiation potential into neurons, this iPSC line will be a valuable tool in studying a disease-specific phenotype of SCA2

Generation of spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 patient-derived iPSC line H271

AbstractSpinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) is a neurodegenerative disease primarily affecting the cerebellum. Very little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying the disease and, to date, no cure or treatment is available. Here, we demonstrate the generation of an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line of a SCA2 patient. The selected clone has been proven to be a bona fide iPSC line, which retains a normal karyotype. Due to its differentiation potential into neurons, this iPSC line will be a valuable tool in studying a disease-specific phenotype of SCA2

Derivation of induced pluripotent stem cells from a familial Alzheimer's disease patient carrying the L282F mutation in presenilin 1

AbstractMutations in presenilin 1 (PSEN1) lead to the most aggressive form of familial Alzheimer's disease (AD). Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) derived from AD patients can be differentiated and used for disease modeling. Here, we derived hiPSC from skin fibroblasts obtained from an AD patient carrying a L282F mutation in PSEN1. We transfected skin fibroblasts with episomal iPSC reprogramming vectors targeting human OCT4, SOX2, L-MYC, KLF4, NANOG, LIN28, and short hairpin RNA against TP53. Our hiPSC line, L282F-hiPSC, displayed typical stem cell characteristics with consistent expression of pluripotency genes and the ability to differentiation into the three germ layers

Generation of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell line SCA3.B11

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is a dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disease caused by an expansion of the CAG-repeat in ATXN3. In this study, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were generated from SCA3 patient dermal fibroblasts by electroporation with episomal plasmids encoding L-MYC, LIN28, SOX2, KLF4, OCT4 and short hairpin RNA targeting P53. The resulting iPSCs had normal karyotype, were free of integrated episomal plasmids, expressed pluripotency markers, could differentiate into the three germ layers in vitro and retained the disease-causing ATXN3 mutation. Potentially, this iPSC line could be a useful tool for the investigation of SCA3 disease mechanisms

Generation of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell line SCA3.A11

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is a dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disease caused by a CAG-repeat expanding mutation in ATXN3. We generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from a SCA3 patient by electroporation of dermal fibroblasts with episomal plasmids encoding L-MYC, LIN28, SOX2, KLF4, OCT4 and short hairpin RNA targeting P53. The resulting iPSCs had normal karyotype, were free of genomically integrated episomal plasmids, expressed pluripotency markers, could differentiate into the three germ layers in vitro and retained the disease-causing ATXN3 mutation. This iPSC line could be useful for the investigation of SCA3 disease mechanisms

Generation of an isogenic, gene-corrected control cell line of the spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 patient-derived iPSC line H271

AbstractSpinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) is a neurodegenerative disease primarily affecting the cerebellum. Very little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying the disease and, to date, no cure or treatment is available. We have successfully generated bona fide induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines of SCA2 patients in order to study a disease-specific phenotype. Here, we demonstrate the gene correction of the iPSC line H271 clone 1 where we have exchanged the expanded CAG repeat of the ATXN2 gene with the normal length found in healthy alleles. This gene corrected cell line will provide the ideal control to model SCA2 by iPSC technology

Generation of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell line SCA3.B11

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is a dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disease caused by an expansion of the CAG-repeat in ATXN3. In this study, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were generated from SCA3 patient dermal fibroblasts by electroporation with episomal plasmids encoding L-MYC, LIN28, SOX2, KLF4, OCT4 and short hairpin RNA targeting P53. The resulting iPSCs had normal karyotype, were free of integrated episomal plasmids, expressed pluripotency markers, could differentiate into the three germ layers in vitro and retained the disease-causing ATXN3 mutation. Potentially, this iPSC line could be a useful tool for the investigation of SCA3 disease mechanisms

Endo-lysosomal protein concentrations in CSF from patients with frontotemporal dementia caused by CHMP2B mutation

INTRODUCTION: Increasing evidence implicates proteostatic dysfunction as an early event in the development of frontotemporal dementia (FTD). This study aimed to explore potential cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers associated with the proteolytic systems in genetic FTD caused by CHMP2B mutation. METHODS: Combining solid-phase extraction and parallel reaction monitoring mass spectrometry, a panel of 47 peptides derived from 20 proteins was analyzed in CSF from 31 members of the Danish CHMP2B-FTD family. RESULTS: Compared with family controls, mutation carriers had significantly higher levels of complement C9, lysozyme and transcobalamin II, and lower levels of ubiquitin, cathepsin B, and amyloid precursor protein. DISCUSSION: Lower CSF ubiquitin concentrations in CHMP2B mutation carriers indicate that ubiquitin levels relate to the specific disease pathology, rather than all-cause neurodegeneration. Increased lysozyme and complement proteins may indicate innate immune activation. Altered levels of amyloid precursor protein and cathepsins have previously been associated with impaired lysosomal proteolysis in FTD. HIGHLIGHTS: CSF markers of proteostasis were explored in CHMP2B-mediated frontotemporal dementia (FTD).31 members of the Danish CHMP2B-FTD family were included.We used solid-phase extraction and parallel reaction monitoring mass spectrometry.Six protein levels were significantly altered in CHMP2B-FTD compared with controls.Lower CSF ubiquitin levels in patients suggest association with disease mechanisms

Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from an Alzheimer's disease patient carrying a L150P mutation in <em>PSEN-1</em>

AbstractInduced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were generated from skin fibroblasts isolated from a 58-year old male with a L150P mutation in the presenilin 1 (PSEN-1) gene, which is responsible for the majority of familial cases of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The iPSCs were established by co-electroporation with episomal plasmids containing hOCT4, hSOX2, hL-MYC, hKLF4, hNANOG, hLIN28, and short hairpin RNA against TP53. The iPSCs contained the specific heterozygous mutation c.449C>T, had normal karyotype, expressed the expected pluripotency genes and displayed in vitro differentiation potential to the three germ layers. The iPSCs may be useful for studying familial AD pathology in vitro

Frontotemporal dementia caused by CHMP2B mutation is characterised by neuronal lysosomal storage pathology.

Mutations in the charged multivesicular body protein 2B (CHMP2B) cause frontotemporal dementia (FTD). We report that mice which express FTD-causative mutant CHMP2B at physiological levels develop a novel lysosomal storage pathology characterised by large neuronal autofluorescent aggregates. The aggregates are an early and progressive pathology that occur at 3 months of age and increase in both size and number over time. These autofluorescent aggregates are not observed in mice expressing wild-type CHMP2B, or in non-transgenic controls, indicating that they are a specific pathology caused by mutant CHMP2B. Ultrastructural analysis and immuno- gold labelling confirmed that they are derived from the endolysosomal system. Consistent with these findings, CHMP2B mutation patient brains contain morphologically similar autofluorescent aggregates. These aggregates occur significantly more frequently in human CHMP2B mutation brain than in neurodegenerative disease or age-matched control brains. These data suggest that lysosomal storage pathology is the major neuronal pathology in FTD caused by CHMP2B mutation. Recent evidence suggests that two other genes associated with FTD, GRN and TMEM106B are important for lysosomal function. Our identification of lysosomal storage pathology in FTD caused by CHMP2B mutation now provides evidence that endolysosomal dysfunction is a major degenerative pathway in FTD