Whole-Genome Sequencing to Detect Numerous Campylobacter jejuni Outbreaks and Match Patient Isolates to Sources, Denmark, 2015-2017

Whole-Genome Sequencing to Detect Numerous Campylobacter jejuni Outbreaks and Match Patient Isolates to Sources, Denmark, 2015–2017 Scientific publication financially supported by ORION/One Health European Joint Programme (grant agreement nos. 773830)

Large scale localization of protein phosphorylation by use of electron capture dissociation mass spectrometry.

We used on-line electron capture dissociation (ECD) for the large scale identification and localization of sites of phosphorylation. Each FT-ICR ECD event was paired with a linear ion trap collision-induced dissociation (CID) event, allowing a direct comparison of the relative merits of ECD and CID for phosphopeptide identification and site localization. Linear ion trap CID was shown to be most efficient for phosphopeptide identification, whereas FT-ICR ECD was superior for localization of sites of phosphorylation. The combination of confident CID and ECD identification and confident CID and ECD localization is particularly valuable in cases where a phosphopeptide is identified just once within a phosphoproteomics experiment

Prevalence and distribution of cervical high-risk human papillomavirus and cytological abnormalities in women living with HIV in Denmark - the SHADE

BACKGROUND: Women living with HIV (WLWH) are at increased risk of persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, cervical dysplasia and cervical cancer compared with women from the general population (WGP). We assessed the prevalence and distribution of cervical high-risk (hr) HPV infection and cytological abnormalities in WLWH compared with WGP in Denmark. Predictors of HPV and cytological abnormalities were estimated in WLWH. METHODS: WLWH consecutively enrolled in the Study on HIV, cervical Abnormalities and infections in women in Denmark (SHADE) in 2011 and were examined for cervical HPV and cytological abnormalities. WLWH were matched on age and prior cytological findings with WGP from an earlier study. HIV demographics were retrieved from the nationwide Danish HIV Cohort Study. Logistic regression was used to estimate predictors of hrHPV and cytological abnormalities. RESULTS: Of 334 included WLWH 26.4 % were positive for hrHPV as opposed to 16.6 % WGP (p < 0.0001). WLWH had a higher number of multiple infections (>1 h genotype present) (38.5 % versus 25.7 %, p = 0.030). Hr genotypes in descending order of frequency were HPV58 (7.1 %), 52 (5.4 %), and 16 (4.8 %) in WLWH versus HPV16 (4.1 %), 52 (2.8 %) and 58 (2.4 %) in WGP. Predictors of hrHPV in WLWH were short duration of HAART (adjusted OR per year 0.90 (95 % CI 0.84-0.96)), AIDS prior to inclusion (adjusted OR 3.61 (95 % CI 1.75-7.46)), ≥5 lifetime sexual partners (adjusted OR 2.20 (95 % CI 1.08-4.49)), sexual debut <16 years of age (adjusted OR 2.05 (95 % CI 1.03-4.10)) and CD4 < 350 cells/μL (adjusted OR 2.53 (95 % CI 1.20-5.40)). Cytological abnormalities were prevalent in 10.4 % vs. 5.2 % (p = 0.0003) of WLWH and WGP. In WLWH with hrHPV, short duration of HAART predicted cervical dysplasia (adjusted OR per year 0.83 (95 % CI 0.71-0.97)). CONCLUSIONS: WLWH presented with more cervical hrHPV infections and cytological abnormalities, and a different distribution of hrHPV genotypes compared with WGP. Cervical hrHPV and cytological abnormalities were predicted by short duration of HAART. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2881-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Air pollution from traffic and cancer incidence: a Danish cohort study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Vehicle engine exhaust includes ultrafine particles with a large surface area and containing absorbed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, transition metals and other substances. Ultrafine particles and soluble chemicals can be transported from the airways to other organs, such as the liver, kidneys, and brain. Our aim was to investigate whether air pollution from traffic is associated with risk for other cancers than lung cancer.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We followed up 54,304 participants in the Danish Diet Cancer and Health cohort for 20 selected cancers in the Danish Cancer Registry, from enrolment in 1993-1997 until 2006, and traced their residential addresses from 1971 onwards in the Central Population Registry. We used modeled concentration of nitrogen oxides (NO_x) and amount of traffic at the residence as indicators of traffic-related air pollution and used Cox models to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) after adjustment for potential confounders.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>NO_xat the residence was significantly associated with risks for cervical cancer (IRR, 2.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01;5.93, per 100 μg/m³NO_x) and brain cancer (IRR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.25;4.19, per 100 μg/m³NO_x).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This hypothesis-generating study indicates that traffic-related air pollution might increase the risks for cervical and brain cancer, which should be tested in future studies.</p