Brief review related to the foundations of time-dependent density functional theory

The electron density n(\rb,t), which is the central tool of time-dependent density functional theory, is presently considered to be derivable from a one-body time-dependent potential V(\rb,t), via one-electron wave functions satisfying a time- dependent Schr\"{o}dinger equation. This is here related via a generalized equation of motion to a Dirac density matrix now involving $t$. Linear response theory is then surveyed, with a special emphasis on the question of causality with respect to the density dependence of the potential. Extraction of V(\rb,t) for solvable models is also proposed

Leadership

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Leadership and the Function of Direction

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Your Lawn

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Phenylketonuria in South Africa - A report on the status quo

During the 1980s a pilot newborn screening programme for the early detection (and treatment) of amino acidopathies, especially phenylketonuria (PKU), was conducted by the Department of National Health and Population Development. The motivation for this pilot programme was the high priority accorded PKU screening in Europe and North America and the presumed similarly high incidence of this condition among South Africans of European origin. From a cohort of 59 600 newborns screened in the Pretoria area over a period of 8 consecutive years (1979 - 1986), only 1 case of PKU (and 1 of tyrosinaemia) was found. Statistically this result is compatible (Poisson distribution, 95% confidence interval) with a 'true' incidence of not more than 3/59 600 (or about 1/20000) newborns. It is concluded from this result and other relevant information that newborn screening for PKU and other amino acidopathies is not cost-effective and justifiable, especially against the background of prevailing demographic conditions and more pressing health priorities in South Africa. This particular screening programme was discontinued in 1986. The results and conclusions are presented here. for the record

Improved Enzymatic Method for Determining Mannitol and its Application to Dog Serum after Mannitol Infusion

Peer Reviewe

Dynamical generalization of a solvable family of two-electron model atoms with general interparticle repulsion

Holas, Howard and March [Phys. Lett. A {\bf 310}, 451 (2003)] have obtained analytic solutions for ground-state properties of a whole family of two-electron spin-compensated harmonically confined model atoms whose different members are characterized by a specific interparticle potential energy u($r_{12}$). Here, we make a start on the dynamic generalization of the harmonic external potential, the motivation being the serious criticism levelled recently against the foundations of time-dependent density-functional theory (e.g. [J. Schirmer and A. Dreuw, Phys. Rev. A {\bf 75}, 022513 (2007)]). In this context, we derive a simplified expression for the time-dependent electron density for arbitrary interparticle interaction, which is fully determined by an one-dimensional non-interacting Hamiltonian. Moreover, a closed solution for the momentum space density in the Moshinsky model is obtained.Comment: 5 pages, submitted to J. Phys.

Undiagnosed metabolic syndrome and other adverse effects among clozapine users of Xhosa descent

Background. Clozapine use is known to be associated with significant side-effects, including prolongation of the QT-interval, agranulocytosis and metabolic syndrome. However, few data exist on the prevalence of clozapine side-effects in patients of Xhosa descent.  Objective. To gather data from Xhosa patients with schizophrenia to establish the prevalence of clozapine side-effects in this population.  Methods. Twenty-nine Xhosa patients with schizophrenia (as per the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR)) who had been receiving clozapine treatment for >1 year on an outpatient basis were selected for inclusion. All patients were participating in a genetics study in the Cape Metropolitan area. The participants were evaluated for the presence of side-effects (tests including an electrocardiogram, white blood cell count (WCC) and fasting blood glucose).  Results. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 44.8% (95% confidence interval (CI) 26.7 - 62.9) and of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus 13.8% (95% CI 1.24 - 26.34). There was a significant association between metabolic syndrome and body mass index (BMI) (p<0.01). The mean (SD) WCC was 7.8 × 109/L (2.8), with 3.4% of the subjects having a WCC <3.5 × 109/L. Sedation (82.8%; 95% CI 69.0 - 96.5), hypersalivation (79.3%; 95% CI 64.6 - 94.1) and constipation (44.8%; 95% CI 26.7 - 62.9) were common. The mean QT-interval was 373.8 (35.9) ms and 10% had a corrected QT-interval >440 ms. There was an association between the duration of clozapine treatment and QT-interval (with Bazett’s correction).   Conclusion. The high prevalence of metabolic syndrome and undiagnosed diabetes mellitus in this sample points to a need to monitor glucose levels and BMI on a regular basis. A larger study should be done to accurately quantify the differences in prevalence of side-effects between population groups