Incorporating energy conservation techniques in the operation of existing LeRC R and D facilities

A general discussion of various methods which can be used to reduce energy consumption is presented. A very brief description of Lewis Research Center facilities is given and the energy reduction methods are discussed relative to them. Some specific examples (ie; automated equipment and data systems) of the implementation of the energy reduction methods are included

Hot section laser anemometry

The objectives and problems faced in the development of a laser anemometry system for hot section applications was discussed. The goal was to map the flow profiles through and between the vanes and between the rotating blades of a turbine. A laser anemometer system was developed which measures the Doppler shift directly along the optical axis. Some testing is being conducted in a small bench top combustor facility. The cost involved in this testing was also discussed

OPTIMAL GOVERNMENT FINANCE AND DEMOCRACY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

Optimal government finance models illustrating trade-offs between different policy instruments, such as seigniorage and income taxes, have focused on industrialized countries. In this paper, a model that includes the effective reserve ratio and currency growth rate as instruments is derived from a welfare loss function and is estimated using fixed effects for a sample of 29 developing countries. The results indicate that the governments in the sample use the reserve requirement to minimize the welfare losses associated with seigniorage revenue. Mid-level democracies are associated with the highest effective reserve ratios.Reserve Ratio, Currency Growth, Seigniorage, Democracy

High temperature electronic requirements in aeropropulsion systems

The needs for high temperature electronic and electro-optic devices as they would be used on aircraft engines in either research and development applications, or operational applications are discussed. The conclusion reached is that the temperature at which the devices must be able to function is in the neighborhood of 500 to 600 C either for R&D or for operational applications. In R&D applications the devices must function in this temperature range when in the engine but only for a moderate period of time. On an operational engine, the reliability requirements dictate that the devices be able to be burned-in at temperatures significantly higher than those at which they will function on the engine. The major point made is that semiconductor technology must be pushed well beyond the level at which silicon will be able to function

Optical Detection of Blade Flutter

Dynamic strain gages mounted on rotor blades are used as the primary instrumentation for detecting the onset of flutter and defining the vibratory mode and frequency. Optical devices are evaluated for performing the same measurements as well as providing supplementary information on the vibratory characteristics. Two separate methods are studied: stroboscopic imagery of the blade tip and photoelectric scanning of blade tip motion. Both methods give visual data in real time as well as video tape records. The optical systems are described, and representative results are presented. The potential of this instrumentation in flutter research is discussed

Data acquisition from high-speed rotating shafts

Data system, when used with a rotary transformer, results in increased life, negligible noise, and capability for a large number of data channels in testing rotating equipment. It is used to multiplex many channels of analog transducer output data and convert this signal to binary digital output

Prognostic Launch Vehicle Probability of Failure Assessment Methodology for Conceptual Systems Predicated on Human Causal Factors

Lessons learned from past failures of launch vehicle developments and operations were used to create a new method to predict the probability of failure of conceptual systems. Existing methods such as Probabilistic Risk Assessments and Human Risk Assessments were considered but found to be too cumbersome for this type of system-wide application for yet-to-be-flown vehicles. The basis for this methodology were historic databases of past failures, where it was determined that various faulty human-interactions were the predominant root causes of failure rather than deficient component reliabilities evaluated through statistical analysis. This methodology contains an expert scoring part which can be used in either a qualitative or a quantitative mode. The method produces two products: a numerical score of the probability of failure or guidance to program management on critical areas in need of increased focus to improve the probability of success. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of this new method, data from a concluded vehicle program (USAF's Titan IV with the Centaur G-Prime upper stage) was used as a test case. Although the theoretical vs. actual probability of failure was found to be in reasonable agreement (4.46% vs. 6.67% respectively) the underlying sub-root cause scoring had significant disparities attributable to significant organizational changes and acquisitions. Recommendations are made for future applications of this method to ongoing launch vehicle development programs

Comparative in-flight thrust measurements of the SERT 2 ion thruster

Comparative in-flight thrust measurements of SERT 2 ion thrusto

ADDJUST-A View of the First 25 Years

Various technologies and innovative launch operations were developed during the 50 years of the Centaur upper stagethe first launch vehicle to use high performing liquid hydrogen fuel. One innovation was ADDJUST, which enabled the successful negotiation of upper level winds measured only hours before launch. Initial causes for its creation, development, and operation during countdown are detailed. Problem definition, wind measuring/monitoring process, pitch and yaw steering coefficient generation, loads analysis, angle of attack, major risks/concerns, and anecdotal recollections are provided. Launch availability improved from as low as 55 to 95 percent due to ADDJUST, which is still in use

Chronicles of Oklahoma

Article discusses the history and growth of the town of Vinita, as well as the history of the Sacred Heart Academy. Velma Nieberding discusses the establishment of the Catholic school for American Indian children, the mission church there, and the priests who worked in Vinita