GOODS AND SERVICES TAX: A STUDY ON ROAD MAP FOR 2017

The paper covers the scope of GST and the history of the taxation system in India. The word tax is derived from the Latin word ‘taxare’ meaning, to estimate. “A tax is not a voluntary payment or donation, but an enforced contribution, exacted pursuant to legislative authority" and is any contribution imposed by government whether under the name of toll, tribute, impost, duty, custom, excise, subsidy, aid, supply, or other name.” Taxes in India are levied by the Central Government and the State Governments. Some minor taxes are also levied by the local authorities such as Municipality or Local Council. The paper consists of the demerits of existing taxation system, challenges and opportunities of the GST and the latest amendments with the road map for 2017. With the help of this paper we get the overview of the current amendments and the future efforts to be made in the implementation of GST

Energy Consumption Minimization in WSN using BFO

The popularity of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) have increased rapidly and tremendously due to the vast potential of the sensor networks to connect the physical world with the virtual world. Since sensor devices rely on battery power and node energy and may be placed in hostile environments, so replacing them becomes a difficult task. Thus, improving the energy of these networks i.e. network lifetime becomes important. The thesis provides methods for clustering and cluster head selection to WSN to improve energy efficiency using fuzzy logic controller. It presents a comparison between the different methods on the basis of the network lifetime. It compares existing ABC optimization method with BFO algorithm for different size of networks and different scenario. It provides cluster head selection method with good performance and reduced computational complexity. In addition it also proposes BFO as an algorithm for clustering of WSN which would result in improved performance with faster convergence

A new threat to India- Zika! An obstetrician's perspective

Since last 2 years, ever since the Zika outbreak in Brazil, there has been a great interest in this infection caused by Aedes aegypti and A. albopictus, though this RNA Flavirus has been in existence since 1947. A large number of children born with microcephly during the outbreak in Brazil attributed to Zika was alarming. Though Brazil in May, 1917 has declared an end to Zika emergency, this virus continues to be detected in parts of America ca and south East Asia, including Thailand, Cambodia, Malaysia and Myanmar. WHO declared Zika as Public Health Emergency of International Concern on 1st February, 2016. Though at present only 4 confirmed cases have been reported in India, Zika is a notifiable disease along with chicken guinea and dengue. A state of awareness and preparedness is required, among treating physicians, obstetricians and pediatricians for this disease. This article deals with history, presentation, diagnosis, pitfalls, management and preventive aspect of Zika in pregnancy.

A Review of Orthodontic Archwires

Today more than hundred years have passed since Dr Edward angle placed his first archwire into a patient’s mouth and orthodontics began. It was during that period many innovations did occur that have been explained in terms of art. As time passed scientifically based orthodontics evolved and we see from that time much new innovation in material science have sum uped with new treatment approach and modalities. However, when we turn around and see the  developments and innovations in the material science, we stand with pride: but the urge to make treatment still more comfortable and less time consuming, have led us to the introduction of a plethora of new orthodontic materials and products that represent significant improvement over their predecessors. This article compiles allarchwire from angle era till recent available newer archwire

A Countdown to Orthognathic Surgery

For patients whose orthodontic problems are so severe that neither growth modification nor camouflage offers a solution, surgery to realign the jaws or reposition dentoalveolar segments is the only possible treatment. Surgery is not a substitute for orthodontics in these patients. Instead, it must be properly coordinated with orthodontics and other dental treatment to achieve good overall results

Detecting Crop Health using Machine Learning Techniques in Smart Agriculture System

699-706The crop diseases can’t detected accurately by only analysing separate disease basis. Only with the help of making comprehensive analysis framework, users can get the predictions of most expected diseases. In this research, IOT and machine learning based technique capable of processing acquisition, analysis and detection of crop health information in the same platform is introduced. The proposed system supports distinguished services by monitoring crop and also managed its data, devices and models. This system also supports data sharing and communication with the help of IOT using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and maintains high communication standards even in bad communication environment. Therefore, IOT and machine learning ensures the high accuracy of disease prediction in crop. The proposed integrated system is capable of detecting health of crop through analysis of multi-spectral images captured through the IOT associated UAV. The various machine learning is also applied to test the performance of our system and compared with the existing disease detection methods

Detecting Crop Health using Machine Learning Techniques in Smart Agriculture System

The crop diseases can’t detected accurately by only analysing separate disease basis. Only with the help of making comprehensive analysis framework, users can get the predictions of most expected diseases. In this research, IOT and machine learning based technique capable of processing acquisition, analysis and detection of crop health information in the same platform is introduced. The proposed system supports distinguished services by monitoring crop and also managed its data, devices and models. This system also supports data sharing and communication with the help of IOT using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and maintains high communication standards even in bad communication environment. Therefore, IOT and machine learning ensures the high accuracy of disease prediction in crop. The proposed integrated system is capable of detecting health of crop through analysis of multi-spectral images captured through the IOT associated UAV. The various machine learning is also applied to test the performance of our system and compared with the existing disease detection methods

Revisiting Prostate Cancer in India: A Genomic View

In the recent past, there has been a rise in Prostate Cancer (PCa) in Asia, particularly India.  Although systematic reviews on PCa have dealt on the genetics, genomics and the environmental influence in causal of PCa, no predictive analytics in comparing the PCa from Caucasian, American to Asian population was attempted. In this review article, we have attempted to elaborate this aspect of PCa and deliberated on challenges related to next generation sequencing methods of PCa’s manifestation when compared to the west

LEARN: A multi-centre, cross-sectional evaluation of Urology teaching in UK medical schools

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the status of UK undergraduate urology teaching against the British Association of Urological Surgeons (BAUS) Undergraduate Syllabus for Urology. Secondary objectives included evaluating the type and quantity of teaching provided, the reported performance rate of General Medical Council (GMC)-mandated urological procedures, and the proportion of undergraduates considering urology as a career. MATERIALS AND METHODS: LEARN was a national multicentre cross-sectional study. Year 2 to Year 5 medical students and FY1 doctors were invited to complete a survey between 3rd October and 20th December 2020, retrospectively assessing the urology teaching received to date. Results are reported according to the Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys (CHERRIES). RESULTS: 7,063/8,346 (84.6%) responses from all 39 UK medical schools were included; 1,127/7,063 (16.0%) were from Foundation Year (FY) 1 doctors, who reported that the most frequently taught topics in undergraduate training were on urinary tract infection (96.5%), acute kidney injury (95.9%) and haematuria (94.4%). The most infrequently taught topics were male urinary incontinence (59.4%), male infertility (52.4%) and erectile dysfunction (43.8%). Male and female catheterisation on patients as undergraduates was performed by 92.1% and 73.0% of FY1 doctors respectively, and 16.9% had considered a career in urology. Theory based teaching was mainly prevalent in the early years of medical school, with clinical skills teaching, and clinical placements in the later years of medical school. 20.1% of FY1 doctors reported no undergraduate clinical attachment in urology. CONCLUSION: LEARN is the largest ever evaluation of undergraduate urology teaching. In the UK, teaching seemed satisfactory as evaluated by the BAUS undergraduate syllabus. However, many students report having no clinical attachments in Urology and some newly qualified doctors report never having inserted a catheter, which is a GMC mandated requirement. We recommend a greater emphasis on undergraduate clinical exposure to urology and stricter adherence to GMC mandated procedures

Case Reports1. A Late Presentation of Loeys-Dietz Syndrome: Beware of TGFβ Receptor Mutations in Benign Joint Hypermobility

Background: Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA) and dissections are not uncommon causes of sudden death in young adults. Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is a rare, recently described, autosomal dominant, connective tissue disease characterized by aggressive arterial aneurysms, resulting from mutations in the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) receptor genes TGFBR1 and TGFBR2. Mean age at death is 26.1 years, most often due to aortic dissection. We report an unusually late presentation of LDS, diagnosed following elective surgery in a female with a long history of joint hypermobility. Methods: A 51-year-old Caucasian lady complained of chest pain and headache following a dural leak from spinal anaesthesia for an elective ankle arthroscopy. CT scan and echocardiography demonstrated a dilated aortic root and significant aortic regurgitation. MRA demonstrated aortic tortuosity, an infrarenal aortic aneurysm and aneurysms in the left renal and right internal mammary arteries. She underwent aortic root repair and aortic valve replacement. She had a background of long-standing joint pains secondary to hypermobility, easy bruising, unusual fracture susceptibility and mild bronchiectasis. She had one healthy child age 32, after which she suffered a uterine prolapse. Examination revealed mild Marfanoid features. Uvula, skin and ophthalmological examination was normal. Results: Fibrillin-1 testing for Marfan syndrome (MFS) was negative. Detection of a c.1270G > C (p.Gly424Arg) TGFBR2 mutation confirmed the diagnosis of LDS. Losartan was started for vascular protection. Conclusions: LDS is a severe inherited vasculopathy that usually presents in childhood. It is characterized by aortic root dilatation and ascending aneurysms. There is a higher risk of aortic dissection compared with MFS. Clinical features overlap with MFS and Ehlers Danlos syndrome Type IV, but differentiating dysmorphogenic features include ocular hypertelorism, bifid uvula and cleft palate. Echocardiography and MRA or CT scanning from head to pelvis is recommended to establish the extent of vascular involvement. Management involves early surgical intervention, including early valve-sparing aortic root replacement, genetic counselling and close monitoring in pregnancy. Despite being caused by loss of function mutations in either TGFβ receptor, paradoxical activation of TGFβ signalling is seen, suggesting that TGFβ antagonism may confer disease modifying effects similar to those observed in MFS. TGFβ antagonism can be achieved with angiotensin antagonists, such as Losartan, which is able to delay aortic aneurysm development in preclinical models and in patients with MFS. Our case emphasizes the importance of timely recognition of vasculopathy syndromes in patients with hypermobility and the need for early surgical intervention. It also highlights their heterogeneity and the potential for late presentation. Disclosures: The authors have declared no conflicts of interes