Gambaran Diatom pada Organ Ginjal Kasus Tenggelam Menggunakan Tikus Putih di Perairan Tawar

Latar Belakang : Tenggelam merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kematian ke tiga di seluruh dunia. Kematian akibat tenggelam yang terjadi di air tawar (sungai, danau, kolam) hampir mencapai 90%. Salah satu pemeriksaan khusus untuk mengidentifikasi korban mati akibat tenggelam dengan melakukan pemeriksaan diatom. Diatom merupakan fitoplankton uniseluler yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bukti intravitalitas korban tenggelam, artinya korban masuk ke dalam air dalam kondisi masih hidup kemudian mengalami kematian. Tujuan : Untuk mengetahui gambaran diatom pada organ ginjal kasus tenggelam menggunakan tikus putih di perairan tawar. Metode : Penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan 15 ekor tikus putih yang ditenggelamkan di sungai Pelus dan 5 ekor kelompok kontrol. Menggunakan metode destruksi asam untuk identifikasi diatom pada ginjal. Hasil : Terdapat 12 genus diatom yang teridentifikasi pada sampel air sungai Pelus. Sedangkan, pada ginjal teridentifikasi 7 genus diatom yang didominasi oleh genus Navicula adalah 36,36 %. Didapatkan kecocokan diatom antara sampel air dan ginjal sebanyak 58,3 %. Kesimpulan : Gambaran diatom yang didapatkan dari ginjal tikus putih yang ditenggelamkan di sungai Pelus teridentifikasi 7 genus diatom, yaitu Cymbella, Amphora, Cocconeis, Epithemia, Navicula, Fragilaria, dan Ulnaria

ESTIMATION OF CARBON STORAGE IN WATER LETTUCE (Pistia stratiotes) AT FRESHWATER SWAMPS

This study was conducted in Banjar Regency, in the areas of Keraton, Keramat Baru, Tungkaran, Akar Baru and Sungai Tabuk villages, South Kalimantan, from April-July 2009. The purpose of the study was to estimate the amount of carbon storage in water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) at freshwater swamps. The information obtained through this study is expected to provide benefits for the swampland management. The swamplands observed were the ones with water lettuce growing in the swamps. The sampling was carried out using purposive sampling technique with the consideration of grouping water lettuce’s distribution. The carbon storage measurement was performed by measuring biomass, organic carbon percentage in water lettuce, and total carbon storage in m2. The organic carbon was analyzed using Walkey & Black's Method. There were also analyses of crude fiber and ash in water lettuce. Data were then analyzed using descriptive statistics and hierarchical clusters. The carbon storage in water lettuce at freshwater swamps in Banjar Regency ranged between 64.07 – 237.75 g/m2. The average crude fiber ranged between 19.89 - 24.94 % and ash between 20.91 - 28.69%

Spatio-Seasonal Habitat Suitability Model of Anisakis spp. in Chub Mackerel (Scomber Japonicus) as a Scientific-Based Approach to Provide Safety Assessment Policy of Fisheries Product in Indonesia

The infestation of Anisakis spp. in Chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) may have significant health and socioeconomic implications. Understanding the spatio-seasonal occurrence of Anisakis spp. in its host, S. japonicus, is crucial ecologically and for effective management. This research aimed to develop a predictive map (spatial-seasonal patterns) for Anisakis’s infestation in S. japonicus using the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) algorithm. Anisakis spp. and S. japonicus occurrences were obtained through a comprehensive Bibliographic analysis of the Scopus database (2017-2022) and the Ocean Biodiversity Information System (OBIS) database to collect the necessary data. Environmental predictors were sourced from the Global Marine Environment Data. The resulting model demonstrated a reliable performance, as indicated by an Area Under Curve (AUC) value on the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) chart exceeding 0.8. The findings of this study revealed that the infestation of Anisakis spp. in S. japonicus is projected to be more prevalent during the fourth quarter of each year. Furthermore, the environmental factors influencing the infestation were identified as diffuse attenuation, water depth, and distance from the coast. These research outcomes can be a foundational reference for developing an effective control system for inspecting fresh or frozen fish within the quarantine department. By utilizing the spatial-seasonal patterns and environmental predictors identified in this study, authorities can implement targeted measures to prevent and mitigate the infestation of Anisakis spp. in S. japonicus, safeguarding public health and maintaining the quality of fish products

PEMBANGUNAN BERKELANJUTAN BERWAWASAN LINGKUNGAN (SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS) DALAM PERSPEKTIF ISLAM

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are the global agenda, agreed by world leaders in the United Nations. They are aimed at reducingpoverty, fighting inequality, and stopping the effects of climate change on the global environment. This paper discusses the concept of SDGs, consisted of 17 goals from the perspective of Islam Indonesia as the country with the largest Muslim population in the world. This literatures study used descriptive qualitative method. It is found that, the concepts of Islam are in line with the SDGs. Islam also has a way to fight poverty by doing zakat (charity), fasting, and a simple and healthy lifestyle, promoting fair rights between women and men and assurring equivalent positions between both, and instructing human beings to manage the environment wisely and to maintain the balance of nature. Moving ‘Muslim Power’ to achieve SDGs as a form of their ‘taqwa’ to their God is the challenge for the government, civil society organizations, and scholars in promoting SDGs or Sustainable Science to society and to higher education especially in the Islamic Universities (PTKI).Pembangunan Berkelanjutan Berwawasan Lingkungan atau Sustainable Development Goals merupakan skema program kebijakan yang disepakati para pemimpin dunia untuk mengurangi kemiskinan, kesenjangan, dan mengakhiri dampak perubahan iklim global. Artikel ini, mendiskusikan konsep SDGs yang terdiri dari 17 goal dalam perspektif Islam Indonesia sebagai negara dengan populasi muslim terbesar di dunia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam kajian literatur ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa konsep Islam searah/berkelanjutan dengan tujuan SDGs. Islam juga memiliki cara untuk memerangi kemiskinan dengan zakat, puasa, dan pola hidup yang sederhana, memberikan hak-hak secara adil antara perempuan dan laki-laki dan menegaskan tidak ada posisi yang ekuivalen di antara keduanya; dan memerintahkan manusia untuk mengelola lingkungan secara bijak dan menjaga keseimbangan alam. Menggerakkan massa Islam untuk membantu dalam pencapaian SDGs sebagai wujud ketaqwaan mereka kepada Allah SWT menjadi tantangan bagi pemerintah, organisasi masyarakat, maupun akademisi dalam mensosialisasikan SDGs serta Sustainable Science ke masyarakat maupun ke pendidikan tinggi khususnya perguruan tinggi keagamaan Islam (PTKI).

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with paediatric cancer in low-income, middle-income and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, observational cohort study

OBJECTIVES: Paediatric cancer is a leading cause of death for children. Children in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) were four times more likely to die than children in high-income countries (HICs). This study aimed to test the hypothesis that the COVID-19 pandemic had affected the delivery of healthcare services worldwide, and exacerbated the disparity in paediatric cancer outcomes between LMICs and HICs. DESIGN: A multicentre, international, collaborative cohort study. SETTING: 91 hospitals and cancer centres in 39 countries providing cancer treatment to paediatric patients between March and December 2020. PARTICIPANTS: Patients were included if they were under the age of 18 years, and newly diagnosed with or undergoing active cancer treatment for Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, Wilms' tumour, sarcoma, retinoblastoma, gliomas, medulloblastomas or neuroblastomas, in keeping with the WHO Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: All-cause mortality at 30 days and 90 days. RESULTS: 1660 patients were recruited. 219 children had changes to their treatment due to the pandemic. Patients in LMICs were primarily affected (n=182/219, 83.1%). Relative to patients with paediatric cancer in HICs, patients with paediatric cancer in LMICs had 12.1 (95% CI 2.93 to 50.3) and 7.9 (95% CI 3.2 to 19.7) times the odds of death at 30 days and 90 days, respectively, after presentation during the COVID-19 pandemic (p<0.001). After adjusting for confounders, patients with paediatric cancer in LMICs had 15.6 (95% CI 3.7 to 65.8) times the odds of death at 30 days (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected paediatric oncology service provision. It has disproportionately affected patients in LMICs, highlighting and compounding existing disparities in healthcare systems globally that need addressing urgently. However, many patients with paediatric cancer continued to receive their normal standard of care. This speaks to the adaptability and resilience of healthcare systems and healthcare workers globally

A Chronicle of Indonesia’s Forest Management: A Long Step towards Environmental Sustainability and Community Welfare

Indonesia is the largest archipelagic country in the world, with 17,000 islands of varying sizes and elevations, from lowlands to very high mountains, stretching more than 5000 km eastward from Sabang in Aceh to Merauke in Papua. Although occupying only 1.3% of the world’s land area, Indonesia possesses the third-largest rainforest and the second-highest level of biodiversity, with very high species diversity and endemism. However, during the last two decades, Indonesia has been known as a country with a high level of deforestation, a producer of smoke from burning forests and land, and a producer of carbon emissions. The aim of this paper is to review the environmental history and the long process of Indonesian forest management towards achieving environmental sustainability and community welfare. To do this, we analyze the milestones of Indonesian forest management history, present and future challenges, and provide strategic recommendations toward a viable Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) system. Our review showed that the history of forestry management in Indonesia has evolved through a long process, especially related to contestation over the control of natural resources and supporting policies and regulations. During the process, many efforts have been applied to reduce the deforestation rate, such as a moratorium on permitting primary natural forest and peat land, land rehabilitation and soil conservation, environmental protection, and other significant regulations. Therefore, these efforts should be maintained and improved continuously in the future due to their significant positive impacts on a variety of forest areas toward the achievement of viable SFM. Finally, we conclude that the Indonesian government has struggled to formulate sustainable forest management policies that balance economic, ecological, and social needs, among others, through developing and implementing social forestry instruments, developing and implementing human resource capacity, increasing community literacy, strengthening forest governance by eliminating ambiguity and overlapping regulations, simplification of bureaucracy, revitalization of traditional wisdom, and fair law enforcement

Twelve-month observational study of children with cancer in 41 countries during the COVID-19 pandemic

Childhood cancer is a leading cause of death. It is unclear whether the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted childhood cancer mortality. In this study, we aimed to establish all-cause mortality rates for childhood cancers during the COVID-19 pandemic and determine the factors associated with mortality