A New Solution to the Plasma Starved Event Horizon Magnetosphere: Application to the Forked Jet in M87

Very Long Baseline Interferometry observations at 86 GHz reveal an almost hollow jet in M87 with a forked morphology. The detailed analysis presented here indicates that the spectral luminosity of the central spine of the jet in M87 is a few percent of that of the surrounding hollow jet $200 -400 \mu\rm{as}$ from the central black hole. Furthermore, recent jet models in indicate that a hollow "tubular" jet can explain a wide range of plausible broadband spectra originating from jetted plasma located within $\sim 30\mu\rm{as}$ of the central black hole, including the 230 GHz correlated flux detected by the Event Horizon Telescope. Most importantly, these hollow jets from the inner accretion flow have an intrinsic power capable of energizing the global jet out to kiloparsec scales. Thus motivated, this paper considers new models of the event horizon magnetosphere (EHM) in low luminosity accretion systems. Contrary to some models, the spine is not an invisible powerful jet. It is an intrinsically weak jet. In the new EHM solution, the accreted poloidal magnetic flux is weak and the background photon field is weak. It is shown how this accretion scenario naturally results in the dissipation of the accreted poloidal magnetic flux in the EHM not the accumulation of poloidal flux required for a powerful jet. The new solution indicates less large scale poloidal magnetic flux (and jet power) in the EHM than in the surrounding accretion flow and cannot support significant EHM driven jets.Comment: To appear in Astronomy and Astrophysics. Revision fixes typos found during proof

Retrospective evaluation of whole exome and genome mutation calls in 746 cancer samples

Funder: NCI U24CA211006Abstract: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) curated consensus somatic mutation calls using whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS), respectively. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, which aggregated whole genome sequencing data from 2,658 cancers across 38 tumour types, we compare WES and WGS side-by-side from 746 TCGA samples, finding that ~80% of mutations overlap in covered exonic regions. We estimate that low variant allele fraction (VAF < 15%) and clonal heterogeneity contribute up to 68% of private WGS mutations and 71% of private WES mutations. We observe that ~30% of private WGS mutations trace to mutations identified by a single variant caller in WES consensus efforts. WGS captures both ~50% more variation in exonic regions and un-observed mutations in loci with variable GC-content. Together, our analysis highlights technological divergences between two reproducible somatic variant detection efforts

Respiratory support in AIP neonates as compared with controls.

<p>AIP neonates (black bars). Controls (white bars): A. The need for any type of respiratory support >24 hours was greater in AIP neonates. B. CPAP for >24 hours was required more frequently in AIP neonates. C. More AIP neonates required oxygen. D. The requirement for mechanical ventilation was similar. E. Surfactant administration was similar.</p

Relative risk for respiratory distress syndrome at different gestational ages with placenta previa, bleeding, and placenta previa with bleeding.

<p>This graphic representation of the data contained in multivariate analysis 5B indicates the risk of RDS declines with gestational age for singleton pregnancies without any PP or bleeding. Placenta previa alone or bleeding alone are associated with higher risk of RDS earlier in gestation, falling to parity with the ‘neither’ group as GA increases. In contrast, risk rises late in pregnancy for PP with bleeding.</p

Multivariate analysis with unconditional repeated measures Poisson regression with correction for variation across time for relative risk ratios for respiratory distress syndrome.

<p>Multivariate analysis with unconditional repeated measures Poisson regression with correction for variation across time for relative risk ratios for respiratory distress syndrome.</p

Multivariate analysis with conditional exact Poisson regression with stratification across AIP for relative risk ratios for respiratory distress syndrome.

<p>Multivariate analysis with conditional exact Poisson regression with stratification across AIP for relative risk ratios for respiratory distress syndrome.</p

Neonatal outcomes.

<p>Neonatal outcomes.</p

Incidence of respiratory distress syndrome.

<p>A. The incidence of RDS was 37.0% in AIP neonates (black bars) and 20.8% in control neonates (white bars). B. Rates of RDS tended to be or were significantly greater in the later gestational age categories, beginning at 31⁺⁰ weeks. RDS incidence in AIP neontates was 34% higher at 31+0–32⁺⁶ wks, 15% at 33+0–34⁺⁶ wk and 27% at 35+0–36⁺⁶ wks.</p

Neonatal baseline characteristics.

<p>Neonatal baseline characteristics.</p