Spatial Dynamic Modelling of Future Scenarios of Land Use Change in Vaud and Valais, Western Switzerland

The land use change scenarios created for the "Spatial Dynamic Modelling of Future Scenarios of Land Use Change in Vaud and Valais,  Western Switzerland" study (http://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/6/4/115/htm)

Data_Sheet_1_Travel scenario workshops for geographical accessibility modeling of health services: A transdisciplinary evaluation study.zip

IntroductionLimited geographical access to quality Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care (EmONC) is a major driver of high maternal mortality. Geographic access to EmONC facilities is identified by the global community as a critical issue for reducing maternal mortality and is proposed as a global indicator by the Ending Preventable Maternal Mortality (EPMM) initiative. Geographic accessibility models can provide insight into the population that lacks adequate access and on the optimal distribution of facilities and resources. Travel scenarios (i.e., modes and speed of transport) used to compute geographical access to healthcare are a key input to these models and should approximate reality as much as possible. This study explores strategies to optimize and harmonize knowledge elicitation practices for developing travel scenarios.MethodsKnowledge elicitation practices for travel scenario workshops (TSW) were studied in 14 African and South-Asian countries where the United Nations Population Fund supported ministries of health and governments in strengthening networks of EmONC facilities. This was done through a mixed methods evaluation study following a transdisciplinary approach, applying the four phases of the Interactive Learning and Action methodology: exploration, in-depth, integration, and prioritization and action planning. Data was collected in November 2020–June 2021 and involved scoping activities, stakeholder identification, semi-structured interviews (N = 9), an evaluation survey (N = 31), and two co-creating focus group discussions (N = 8).ResultsEstimating realistic travel speeds and limited time for the workshop were considered as the largest barriers. The identified opportunities were inclusively prioritized, whereby preparation; a favorable composition of attendees; validation practices; and evaluation were anticipated to be the most promising improvement strategies, explaining their central place on the co-developed initial standard operating procedure (SOP) for future TSWs. Mostly extensive preparation—both on the side of the organization and the attendees—was anticipated to address nearly all of the identified TSW challenges.ConclusionThis study showed that the different identified stakeholders had contradicting, complementing and overlapping ideas about strategies to optimize and harmonize TSWs. Yet, an initial SOP was inclusively developed, emphasizing practices for before, during and after each TSW. This SOP is not only relevant in the context of the UNFPA EmONC development approach, but also for monitoring the newly launched EPMM indicator and even in the broader field of geographic accessibility modeling.</p

Participatory approaches and open data on venomous snakes: A neglected opportunity in the global snakebite crisis?

<p>Participatory approaches and open data on venomous snakes: A neglected opportunity in the global snakebite crisis?</p

General characteristics of citizen-generated observations and scientist-generated observations datasets.

<p>General characteristics of citizen-generated observations and scientist-generated observations datasets.</p

Geographical distribution of citizen-generated and scientist-generated snake species observations.

<p>Geographical distribution of citizen-generated and scientist-generated snake species observations.</p

Data UK porpoises DRYAD

Data UK porpoises including: stranding locations and dates, sex, age and body length of the animals (when known), and microsatellite genotyping. Note that EV104 was not considered because of null allele issues

Most commonly observed MIVS species in citizen-generated and scientist-generated data sources per GBD region.

<p>Most commonly observed MIVS species in citizen-generated and scientist-generated data sources per GBD region.</p

Geographical distribution of MIVS citizen-generated (<i>n</i> = 9,113) and scientist-generated (<i>n</i> = 70,697) observations on global map illustrating snakebite mortality for GBD regions of the world.

<p>The time frames for citizen-generated and scientist-generated observations are from 1967 to 2017 and 1700 to 2016 respectively. The color scale illustrates the mortality for these regions based on figures provided by Kasturiratne et al. (2008) [<a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006162#pntd.0006162.ref012" target="_blank">12</a>]. Source: Made with Natural Earth. Free vector and raster map data available from <a href="http://www.naturalearthdata.com/" target="_blank">www.naturalearthdata.com</a>. The map (countries cultural theme version 3.1.0) is adapted and projected in the World Robinson coordinate reference system on QGIS 2.18.2. <b>Abbreviations:</b> GBD, global burden of disease; MIVS, medically important venomous snakes.</p

Electronic Supplementary Information includes 8 supplementary figures and 2 supplementary tables from Mixing of porpoise ecotypes in south western UK waters revealed by genetic profiling

Contact zones between ecotypes are windows for understanding how species may react to climate changes. Here, we analysed the fine-scale genetic and morphological variation in harbour porpoises (<i>Phocoena phocoena</i>) around the UK by genotyping 591 stranded animals at nine microsatellite loci. The data were integrated with a prior study to map at high resolution the contact zone between two previously identified ecotypes meeting in the northern Bay of Biscay. Clustering and spatial analyses revealed that UK porpoises are derived from two genetic pools with porpoises from the southwestern UK being genetically differentiated, and having larger body sizes compared to those of other UK areas. Southwestern UK porpoises showed admixed ancestry between southern and northern ecotypes with a contact zone extending from the northern Bay of Biscay to the Celtic Sea and Channel. Around the UK, ancestry blends from one genetic group to the other along a SW–NE axis, correlating with body size variation, consistent with previously reported morphological differences between the two ecotypes. We also detected isolation by distance among juveniles but not in adults, suggesting that stranded juveniles display reduced intergenerational dispersal. The fine-scale structure of this admixture zone raises the question of how it will respond to future climate change and provides a reference point for further study

Multiple linear regression of the difference (Δ) between self-perceived and genetically estimated ancestry for the three continental components.

<p>NOTE: Δ refers to self-perception (bands 1 to 5, see <a href="http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pgen.1004572#s4" target="_blank">Methods</a>) minus continental ancestry proportions (0–100%) estimated from the genetic data. Sex and country of sampling were incorporated in the analyses as factors while the other variables were treated as quantitative. For ease of interpretation, the regression coefficient and p-value for Δ AMERICA (*) refer to Native American (not European) ancestry.</p><p>Multiple linear regression of the difference (Δ) between self-perceived and genetically estimated ancestry for the three continental components.</p