17 research outputs found

    DĂ©finitions explicites de prescriptions potentiellement inappropriĂ©es d’antibiotiques chez la personne ĂągĂ©e hospitalisĂ©e : dĂ©veloppement d’un consensus d’experts

    No full text
    The development of antimicrobial resistance is a major public health problem, particularly due to the inappropriate use of antibiotics. Several national and international action plans have therefore been developed to reduce inappropriate prescribing. The quality of antibiotic prescriptions is usually analysed by expert judgement, which assesses the patient's needs in the light of his context and guidelines. These expert evaluations correspond to a so called “implicit” approach.This Thesis work proposes an innovative and complementary approach, called “explicit”. It is based on explicit rules for potentially inappropriate prescriptions (PIPs) for drugs. For example, in the field of geriatric medicine, the prescription of hydroxyzine in people over 75 years of age is considered potentially inappropriate. Such explicit definitions of PIPs for antibiotics (antibiotic-PPIs) could help to improve antibiotic use and good practices. There is currently no specific list for antibiotics.The objective of our work is to develop an expert consensus on explicit definitions of potentially inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions in hospitalized older patients.This thesis is divided into 4 main parts. The first chapter presents the context and concepts needed to carry out the research work. Chapter 2 presents the systematic literature review that compiled the existing explicit definitions. Chapter 3 presents the national qualitative survey, which explored the opinions of French infectious diseases specialists and geriatricians and the proposal for new explicit definitions. Chapter 4 presents the Delphi survey study protocol, the purpose of which is to retain explicit definitions of consensual antibiotic-PIPs.Le dĂ©veloppement des bactĂ©ries rĂ©sistantes aux antibiotiques constitue un problĂšme majeur de santĂ© publique, particuliĂšrement favorisĂ© par l’utilisation inappropriĂ©e d’antibiotiques. Plusieurs plans d’action nationaux et internationaux ont donc Ă©tĂ© Ă©laborĂ©s pour rĂ©duire les prescriptions inappropriĂ©es et amĂ©liorer le bon usage des antibiotiques. La qualitĂ© des prescriptions d’antibiotiques est classiquement analysĂ©e par un jugement expert, qui Ă©value les besoins du patient au regard de son contexte et des recommandations de bonnes pratiques. Ces Ă©valuations expertes correspondent Ă  une approche dite implicite.Ce travail de thĂšse propose une approche innovante et complĂ©mentaire, dite explicite. EmpruntĂ©e aux travaux dĂ©jĂ  menĂ©s en gĂ©riatrie, elle repose sur des rĂšgles explicites de prescriptions potentiellement inappropriĂ©es (PPI) de mĂ©dicaments. Par exemple, la prescription d’hydroxyzine chez les personnes de plus de 75 ans est toujours considĂ©rĂ©e comme potentiellement inappropriĂ©e. De telles dĂ©finitions explicites de PPI pour les antibiotiques (PPI-atb) pourraient aider Ă  amĂ©liorer l’usage des antibiotiques et les pratiques professionnelles. Il n’existe actuellement aucun rĂ©fĂ©rentiel spĂ©cifiquement adaptĂ© aux antibiotiques.L’objectif de notre travail est de dĂ©velopper un consensus d’experts de dĂ©finitions explicites de prescriptions potentiellement inappropriĂ©es d’antibiotiques, chez la personne ĂągĂ©e hospitalisĂ©e.Cette thĂšse se compose en 4 parties principales. Le premier chapitre prĂ©sente le contexte et les concepts nĂ©cessaires pour la rĂ©alisation du travail de recherche. Le chapitre 2 prĂ©sente la revue systĂ©matique de la littĂ©rature qui a compilĂ© les dĂ©finitions explicites existantes. Le chapitre 3 est consacrĂ© Ă  l’enquĂȘte qualitative nationale qui a permis d’explorer l’avis d’infectiologues et de gĂ©riatres français et la proposition de nouvelles dĂ©finitions explicites. Le chapitre 4 prĂ©sente le protocole d’étude de l’enquĂȘte Delphi, dont le but est de retenir les dĂ©finitions explicites de PPI-atb consensuelles

    DĂ©finitions explicites de prescriptions potentiellement inappropriĂ©es d’antibiotiques chez la personne ĂągĂ©e hospitalisĂ©e : dĂ©veloppement d’un consensus d’experts

    No full text
    The development of antimicrobial resistance is a major public health problem, particularly due to the inappropriate use of antibiotics. Several national and international action plans have therefore been developed to reduce inappropriate prescribing. The quality of antibiotic prescriptions is usually analysed by expert judgement, which assesses the patient's needs in the light of his context and guidelines. These expert evaluations correspond to a so called “implicit” approach.This Thesis work proposes an innovative and complementary approach, called “explicit”. It is based on explicit rules for potentially inappropriate prescriptions (PIPs) for drugs. For example, in the field of geriatric medicine, the prescription of hydroxyzine in people over 75 years of age is considered potentially inappropriate. Such explicit definitions of PIPs for antibiotics (antibiotic-PPIs) could help to improve antibiotic use and good practices. There is currently no specific list for antibiotics.The objective of our work is to develop an expert consensus on explicit definitions of potentially inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions in hospitalized older patients.This thesis is divided into 4 main parts. The first chapter presents the context and concepts needed to carry out the research work. Chapter 2 presents the systematic literature review that compiled the existing explicit definitions. Chapter 3 presents the national qualitative survey, which explored the opinions of French infectious diseases specialists and geriatricians and the proposal for new explicit definitions. Chapter 4 presents the Delphi survey study protocol, the purpose of which is to retain explicit definitions of consensual antibiotic-PIPs.Le dĂ©veloppement des bactĂ©ries rĂ©sistantes aux antibiotiques constitue un problĂšme majeur de santĂ© publique, particuliĂšrement favorisĂ© par l’utilisation inappropriĂ©e d’antibiotiques. Plusieurs plans d’action nationaux et internationaux ont donc Ă©tĂ© Ă©laborĂ©s pour rĂ©duire les prescriptions inappropriĂ©es et amĂ©liorer le bon usage des antibiotiques. La qualitĂ© des prescriptions d’antibiotiques est classiquement analysĂ©e par un jugement expert, qui Ă©value les besoins du patient au regard de son contexte et des recommandations de bonnes pratiques. Ces Ă©valuations expertes correspondent Ă  une approche dite implicite.Ce travail de thĂšse propose une approche innovante et complĂ©mentaire, dite explicite. EmpruntĂ©e aux travaux dĂ©jĂ  menĂ©s en gĂ©riatrie, elle repose sur des rĂšgles explicites de prescriptions potentiellement inappropriĂ©es (PPI) de mĂ©dicaments. Par exemple, la prescription d’hydroxyzine chez les personnes de plus de 75 ans est toujours considĂ©rĂ©e comme potentiellement inappropriĂ©e. De telles dĂ©finitions explicites de PPI pour les antibiotiques (PPI-atb) pourraient aider Ă  amĂ©liorer l’usage des antibiotiques et les pratiques professionnelles. Il n’existe actuellement aucun rĂ©fĂ©rentiel spĂ©cifiquement adaptĂ© aux antibiotiques.L’objectif de notre travail est de dĂ©velopper un consensus d’experts de dĂ©finitions explicites de prescriptions potentiellement inappropriĂ©es d’antibiotiques, chez la personne ĂągĂ©e hospitalisĂ©e.Cette thĂšse se compose en 4 parties principales. Le premier chapitre prĂ©sente le contexte et les concepts nĂ©cessaires pour la rĂ©alisation du travail de recherche. Le chapitre 2 prĂ©sente la revue systĂ©matique de la littĂ©rature qui a compilĂ© les dĂ©finitions explicites existantes. Le chapitre 3 est consacrĂ© Ă  l’enquĂȘte qualitative nationale qui a permis d’explorer l’avis d’infectiologues et de gĂ©riatres français et la proposition de nouvelles dĂ©finitions explicites. Le chapitre 4 prĂ©sente le protocole d’étude de l’enquĂȘte Delphi, dont le but est de retenir les dĂ©finitions explicites de PPI-atb consensuelles

    Explicit definitions of potentially inappropriate prescriptions of antibiotics in older hospitalized patients : development of an expert consensus

    No full text
    Le dĂ©veloppement des bactĂ©ries rĂ©sistantes aux antibiotiques constitue un problĂšme majeur de santĂ© publique, particuliĂšrement favorisĂ© par l’utilisation inappropriĂ©e d’antibiotiques. Plusieurs plans d’action nationaux et internationaux ont donc Ă©tĂ© Ă©laborĂ©s pour rĂ©duire les prescriptions inappropriĂ©es et amĂ©liorer le bon usage des antibiotiques. La qualitĂ© des prescriptions d’antibiotiques est classiquement analysĂ©e par un jugement expert, qui Ă©value les besoins du patient au regard de son contexte et des recommandations de bonnes pratiques. Ces Ă©valuations expertes correspondent Ă  une approche dite implicite.Ce travail de thĂšse propose une approche innovante et complĂ©mentaire, dite explicite. EmpruntĂ©e aux travaux dĂ©jĂ  menĂ©s en gĂ©riatrie, elle repose sur des rĂšgles explicites de prescriptions potentiellement inappropriĂ©es (PPI) de mĂ©dicaments. Par exemple, la prescription d’hydroxyzine chez les personnes de plus de 75 ans est toujours considĂ©rĂ©e comme potentiellement inappropriĂ©e. De telles dĂ©finitions explicites de PPI pour les antibiotiques (PPI-atb) pourraient aider Ă  amĂ©liorer l’usage des antibiotiques et les pratiques professionnelles. Il n’existe actuellement aucun rĂ©fĂ©rentiel spĂ©cifiquement adaptĂ© aux antibiotiques.L’objectif de notre travail est de dĂ©velopper un consensus d’experts de dĂ©finitions explicites de prescriptions potentiellement inappropriĂ©es d’antibiotiques, chez la personne ĂągĂ©e hospitalisĂ©e.Cette thĂšse se compose en 4 parties principales. Le premier chapitre prĂ©sente le contexte et les concepts nĂ©cessaires pour la rĂ©alisation du travail de recherche. Le chapitre 2 prĂ©sente la revue systĂ©matique de la littĂ©rature qui a compilĂ© les dĂ©finitions explicites existantes. Le chapitre 3 est consacrĂ© Ă  l’enquĂȘte qualitative nationale qui a permis d’explorer l’avis d’infectiologues et de gĂ©riatres français et la proposition de nouvelles dĂ©finitions explicites. Le chapitre 4 prĂ©sente le protocole d’étude de l’enquĂȘte Delphi, dont le but est de retenir les dĂ©finitions explicites de PPI-atb consensuelles.The development of antimicrobial resistance is a major public health problem, particularly due to the inappropriate use of antibiotics. Several national and international action plans have therefore been developed to reduce inappropriate prescribing. The quality of antibiotic prescriptions is usually analysed by expert judgement, which assesses the patient's needs in the light of his context and guidelines. These expert evaluations correspond to a so called “implicit” approach.This Thesis work proposes an innovative and complementary approach, called “explicit”. It is based on explicit rules for potentially inappropriate prescriptions (PIPs) for drugs. For example, in the field of geriatric medicine, the prescription of hydroxyzine in people over 75 years of age is considered potentially inappropriate. Such explicit definitions of PIPs for antibiotics (antibiotic-PPIs) could help to improve antibiotic use and good practices. There is currently no specific list for antibiotics.The objective of our work is to develop an expert consensus on explicit definitions of potentially inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions in hospitalized older patients.This thesis is divided into 4 main parts. The first chapter presents the context and concepts needed to carry out the research work. Chapter 2 presents the systematic literature review that compiled the existing explicit definitions. Chapter 3 presents the national qualitative survey, which explored the opinions of French infectious diseases specialists and geriatricians and the proposal for new explicit definitions. Chapter 4 presents the Delphi survey study protocol, the purpose of which is to retain explicit definitions of consensual antibiotic-PIPs

    Pneumonies acquises à l hÎpital (considérations diagnostiques, thérapeutiques et pronostiques)

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    LILLE2-BU Santé-Recherche (593502101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

    From Informal Sketches to Systems Engineering Models Using AI Plan Recognition

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    Book chapter in W.F. Lawless, Ranjeev Mittu, Donald A. Sofge, Thomas Shortell and Tom McDermott (Eds.), Systems Engineering and Artificial Intelligence. Stuttgart, Germany: Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Chapter 22. Accepted in January 2021. Forthcoming.International audienceThe transition to Computer-Aided Design (CAD) changed engineers’ day-to-day tasks in many disciplines such as mechanical or electronic ones. System engineers are still looking for the right set of tools to embrace this opportunity. Indeed, they deal with many kinds of data which evolve a lot during the development life cycle. Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) should be an answer to that but failed to convince and to be accepted by system engineers and architects. The complexity of creating, editing, and annotating models of systems engineering takes its root from different sources: high abstraction levels, static representations, complex interfaces, and the time-consuming activities to keep a model and its associated diagrams consistent. As a result, system architects still heavily rely on traditional methods (whiteboards, papers, and pens) to outline a problem and its solution, and then they use modeling expert users to digitize informal data in modeling tools. In this chapter, we present an approach based on automated plan recognition to capture sketches of systems engineering models and to incrementally formalize them using specific representations. We present a first implementation of our approach with AI plan recognition, and we detail an experiment on applying plan recognition to systems engineering

    PrĂ©vention des infections sexuellement transmissibles (enquĂȘte sur les difficultĂ©s des mĂ©decins gĂ©nĂ©ralistes du dĂ©partement du Nord)

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    Contexte: Les infections sexuellement transmissibles sont en recrudescence. Le gĂ©nĂ©raliste acteur de soins primaires a un rĂŽle fondamental dans le domaine de la prĂ©vention de ces infections. Notre enquĂȘte recherchait les difficultĂ©s Ă  la mise en oeuvre de la prĂ©vention des IST pour le mĂ©decin gĂ©nĂ©raliste. MĂ©thode: Cette Ă©tude descriptive auprĂšs des gĂ©nĂ©ralistes du dĂ©partement du Nord Ă©tait rĂ©alisĂ©e par questionnaire tĂ©lĂ©phonique. Les praticiens avaient Ă©tĂ© sĂ©lectionnĂ©s alĂ©atoirement depuis la base de l annuaire tĂ©lĂ©phonique professionnel. Les questions portaient sur les donnĂ©es dĂ©mographiques, socio-professionnelles et la pratique dans le domaine des IST. RĂ©sultats: Le taux de rĂ©ponse Ă©tait faible (32%). Les gĂ©nĂ©ralistes dĂ©finissaient la prĂ©vention essentiellement comme un acte d information et d Ă©ducation sans la rĂ©duire au dĂ©pistage des IST. Le degrĂ© d aisance Ă  l abord de la sexualitĂ©, le manque de formation spĂ©cifique, le manque de temps, sont des difficultĂ©s mises en lumiĂšre par ce travail. Conclusion: Le mĂ©decin gĂ©nĂ©raliste constitue un pivot dans la prĂ©vention des IST. Notre Ă©tude a mis en Ă©vidence des difficultĂ©s dans sa mise en oeuvre. Le dĂ©veloppement de formations spĂ©cifiques, une meilleure visibilitĂ© des lieux dĂ©diĂ©s Ă  la prĂ©vention et la prise en charge des IST pourraient constituer une aide Ă  la mise en oeuvre de la prĂ©vention des IST par les gĂ©nĂ©ralistes.LILLE2-BU SantĂ©-Recherche (593502101) / SudocSudocFranceF

    A disseminated Mycobacterium marinum infection in a renal transplant HIV-infected patient successfully treated with a bedaquiline-containing antimycobacterial treatment: a case report

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    Background: Mycobacterium marinum disseminated infections rarely affected immunocompromised patients. Treatment with prolonged multi-drug regimen, exposed them to frequent drug-drug interactions and side effects.Case report: We reported a new case of Mycobacterium marinum disseminated infection in a 54-year-old renal transplant HIV-infected woman. Manifestations of the infection were cutaneous and sub-cutaneous nodules, mediastinal lymphnodes and left pulmonary infiltrate. Empirical treatment for nontuberculous Mycobacteria was first initiated with rifabutin, ethambutol, and azithromycin. After identification of M. marinum in sputum, regarding unfavourable clinical evolution and severe adverse events, treatment was changed for doxycyclin and rifabutin. Digestive and hematologic side effects motivated a new change of antimycobacterial treatment for a combination of moxifloxacin and bedaquiline. Tolerance was satisfactory. A twelve months treatment led to cure.Conclusion: We report the first case of M. marinum infection successfully treated with a bedaquiline-containing regimen. Bedaquiline could constitute an alternative to recommended antimicrobial regimens in case of nontuberculous mycobacterial disease including M. marinum infection

    Defining Potentially Inappropriate Prescriptions for Hypoglycaemic Agents to Improve Computerised Decision Support: A Study Protocol.

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    International audienceIn France, around 5% of the general population are taking drug treatments for diabetes mellitus (mainly type 2 diabetes mellitus, T2DM). Although the management of T2DM has become more complex, most of these patients are managed by their general practitioner and not a diabetologist for their antidiabetics treatments; this increases the risk of potentially inappropriate prescriptions (PIPs) of hypoglycaemic agents (HAs). Inappropriate prescribing can be assessed by approaches that are implicit (expert judgement based) or explicit (criterion based). In a mixed, multistep process, we first systematically reviewed the published definitions of PIPs for HAs in patients with T2DM. The results will be used to create the first list of explicit definitions. Next, we will complete the definitions identified in the systematic review by conducting a qualitative study with two focus groups of experts in the prescription of HAs. Lastly, a Delphi survey will then be used to build consensus among participants; the results will be validated in consensus meetings. We developed a method for determining explicit definitions of PIPs for HAs in patients with T2DM. The resulting explicit definitions could be easily integrated into computerised decision support tools for the automated detection of PIPs

    Trajectories of Hospitalization in COVID-19 Patients: An Observational Study in France

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    International audienceDescribing the characteristics of COVID-19 patients in the hospital is of importance to assist in the management of hospital capacity in the future. Here, we analyze the trajectories of 1321 patients admitted to hospitals in northern and eastern France. We found that the time from onset to hospitalization decreased with age, from 7.3 days in the 20-65 year-olds to 4.5 in the >80 year-olds (p < 0.0001). Overall, the length of stay in the hospital was 15.9 days, and the death rate was 20%. One patient out of four was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for approximately one month. The characteristics of trajectories changed with age: fewer older patients were admitted to the ICU and the death rate was larger in the elderly. Admission shortly after onset was associated with increased mortality (odds-ratio (OR) = 1.8, Confidence Interval (CI) 95% [1.3, 2.6]) as well as male sex (OR = 2.1, CI 95% [1.5, 2.9]). Time from admission within the hospital to the transfer to ICU was short. The age- and sex-adjusted mortality rate decreased over the course of the epidemic, suggesting improvement in care over time. In the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, the urgent need for ICU at admission and the prolonged length of stay in ICU are a challenge for bed management and organization of care
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