49 research outputs found
On the estimation of galaxy structural parameters: the Sersic Model
This paper addresses some questions which have arisen from the use of the
S\'ersic r^{1/n} law in modelling the luminosity profiles of early type
galaxies. The first issue deals with the trend between the half-light radius
and the structural parameter n. We show that the correlation between these two
parameters is not only real, but is a natural consequence from the previous
relations found to exist between the model-independent parameters: total
luminosity, effective radius and effective surface brightness. We also define a
new galaxy concentration index which is largely independent of the image
exposure depth, and monotonically related with n. The second question concerns
the curious coincidence between the form of the Fundamental Plane and the
coupling between _e and r_e when modelling a light profile. We explain,
through a mathematical analysis of the S\'ersic law, why the quantity
r_e_e^{0.7} appears almost constant for an individual galaxy, regardless of
the value of n (over a large range) adopted in the fit to the light profile.
Consequently, Fundamental Planes of the form r_e_e^{0.7} propto sigma_0^x
(for any x, and where sigma_0 is the central galaxy velocity dispersion) are
insensitive to galaxy structure. Finally, we address the problematic issue of
the use of model-dependent galaxy light profile parameters versus
model-independent quantities for the half-light radii, mean surface brightness
and total galaxy magnitude. The former implicitly assume that the light profile
model can be extrapolated to infinity, while the latter quantities, in general,
are derived from a signal-to-noise truncated profile. We quantify
(mathematically) how these parameters change as one reduces the outer radius of
an r^{1/n} profile, and reveal how these can vary substantially when n>4.Comment: 10 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA
The Relationship Between the Sersic Law Profiles Measured Along the Major and Minor Axes of Elliptical Galaxies
In this paper we discuss the reason why the parameters of the Sersic model
best-fitting the major axis light profile of elliptical galaxies can differ
significantly from those derived for the minor axis profile. We show that this
discrepancy is a natural consequence of the fact that the isophote eccentricity
varies with the radius of the isophote and present a mathematical
transformation that allows the minor axis Sersic model to be calculated from
the major axis model, provided that the elliptical isophotes are aligned and
concentric and that their eccentricity can be represented by a well behaved,
though quite general, function of the radius. When there is no variation in
eccentricity only the effective radius changes in the Sersic model, while for
radial-dependent eccentricity the transformation which allows the minor axis
Sersic model to be calculated from the major axis model is given by the Lerch
Phi transcendental function. The proposed transformation was tested using
photometric data for 28 early-type galaxies.Comment: 16 pages, 14 figures, LaTex with mn2e.cls. Accepted to MNRA
Diálogos: Gastronomía/Astronomía
Elena a Nicola: A parte de conocimiento, ¿la astrofísica puede, en algún momento, ayudar al ser humano a descifrar tantas cosas inconclusas, como por ejemplo curas a algunas enfermedades u otras cosas?
Nicola: Está claro que no es tarea de la astrofísica buscar remedios prácticos a los problemas (médicos, sociales, tecnológicos, etc.) de los que sufre la humanidad. Sin embargo, por otro lado, la investigación astrofísica ha contribuido muchísimo a mejorar nuestra vida. Por ejemplo, es gracias a la inven-ción del telescopio, que luego se desarrolló toda una variedad de instrumentos ópticos, como microscopios, cámaras fotográficas, entre otros. O el descubrimiento de cómo «funcionan» las órbitas de los planetas y las leyes físicas subyacentes ha permitido mandar al hombre a la Luna y poner en órbita satélites artificiales para las telecomunicaciones, mapeo de la superficie terrestre, estudio de la atmosfera, y más. Recientemente he leído un artículo donde se decía que algunas técnicas para analizar imágenes astronómicas de objetos muy débiles y lejanos se están aplicando en el campo médico para buscar e identificar células cancerígenas
A photometric and kinematic study of the stars and interstellar medium in the central two kpc of NGC 3379
HST images of NGC 3379 show that the V and I luminosity profiles in the inner
13 arcsec of this E1 galaxy are represented by two different components: a
stellar bulge following a Sersic Law with exponent n = 2.36, and a central core
(r < 0.7 arcsec) with a characteristic "cuspy" profile. Subtraction of the
underlying stellar component represented by the fitted Sersic profile revealed
the presence of a small (r ~ 105 pc) dust disk of about 150 solar masses,
oriented at PA = 125 degrees and inclined ~ 77 degrees with respect to the line
of sight. The same absorption structure is detected in the color-index (V-I)
image. The stellar rotation in the inner 20 arcsec is well represented by a
parametric planar disk model, inclined ~ 26 degrees relative to the plane of
the sky, and apparent major axis along PA ~ 67 degrees. The gas velocity curves
in the inner 5 arcsec show a steep gradient, indicating that the gas rotates
much faster than the stars, although in the same direction. The velocity field
of the gaseous system, however, is not consistent with the simple model of
Keplerian rotation sustained by the large (7 x 10E9 solar masses within a
radius of ~ 90 pc) central mass implied by the maximum velocity observed, but
the available data precludes a more detailed analysis.Comment: 23 pages, LaTeX(aaspp4.sty), 9 figures included. Figs. 1 and 5 are
colour plates. Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal (part 1
ERMES: Design and preliminary simulations for an autonomous docking manoeuvre
In the last decades, small satellites have played an important role in space missions. Due to their reduced dimension and costs, they became affordable to smaller companies and research laboratories to conduct scientific experiments and technological demonstrations in space. In addition, the number of these satellites has considerably increased due to their wide use in technological, scientific and commercial domains. In this scenario, autonomous architectures, as well as miniaturized mechanical subsystems for small satellites, are continuously investigated.
Experimental Rendezvous in Microgravity Environment Study (ERMES) is a student project that focuses on the simulation of an autonomous docking manoeuvres between two CubeSats mock-ups equipped with miniaturized Guidance Navigation and Control systems and mechanical docking interfaces. ERMES aims to integrate different subsystems for autonomous docking, to increase the Technology Readiness Level and to study possible applications for in-orbit servicing. This paper deals with the design and development of the tests for autonomous docking manoeuvres between two CubeSats mock-ups to be performed in a reduced-gravity environment during a parabolic flight. A Target-Chaser configuration has been selected, where the Chaser is fully active and the Target is cooperative. The Chaser is equipped with a miniaturized cold gas propulsion system with eight thrusters to control its attitude and position; in contrast, the Target has a set of three reaction wheels to control only its attitude. The tested miniaturized mechanical docking interfaces employs a probe-drogue configuration. The most demanding aspect of the development phase will be the dedicated software for the proximity navigation. The reduced-gravity conditions will be achieved during a campaign of parabolic flights thanks to the participation to the European Space Agency “Fly Your Thesis!” programme 2022
Spectrophotometric investigations of Blue Compact Dwarf Galaxies: Markarian 35
We present results from a detailed spectrophotometric analysis of the blue
compact dwarf galaxy Mrk 35 (Haro 3), based on deep optical (B,V,R,I) and
near-IR (J,H,K) imaging, Halpha narrow-band observations and long-slit
spectroscopy. The optical emission of the galaxy is dominated by a central
young starburst, with a bar-like shape, while an underlying component of stars,
with elliptical isophotes and red colors, extends more than 4 kpc from the
galaxy center. High resolution Halpha and color maps allow us to identify the
star-forming regions, to spatially discriminate them from the older stars, and
to recognize several dust patches. We derive colors and Halpha parameters for
all the identified star-forming knots. Observables derived for each knot are
corrected for the contribution of the underlying older stellar population, the
contribution by emission lines, and from interstellar extinction, and compared
with evolutionary synthesis models. We find that the contributions of these
three factors are by no means negligible and that they significantly vary
across the galaxy. Therefore, careful quantification and subtraction of
emission lines, galaxy host contribution, and interstellar reddening at every
galaxy position, are essential to derive the properties of the young stars in
BCDs. We find that we can reproduce the colors of all the knots with an
instantaneous burst of star formation and the Salpeter initial mass function
with an upper mass limit of 100 M_solar. In all cases the knots are just a few
Myr old. The underlying population of stars has colors consistent with being
several Gyr old.Comment: 21 pages, 13 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ, tentatively
scheduled for the ApJ November 1, 2007 v669n1 issu