Acute panuveitis with hypopyon in Crohn's disease secondary to medical therapy: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>A case report to highlight the association between rifabutin and hypopyon</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A 56 year old male presented with a one day history of blurred vision in his right eye. He had an established diagnosis of Crohn's disease which was in remission following treatment with rifabutin and clarithromycin. A brisk anterior uveitis with hypopyon and a mild vitritis was detected in the right eye. The acute inflammatory episode resolved following treatment with topical corticosteroids and withdrawal of rifabutin.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The presence of hypopyon is atypical in uveitis associated with inflammatory bowel disease. The association between rifabutin treatment and hypopyon uveitis is well recognised in Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis. However, use of rifabutin in the management of Crohn's disease is controversial and not widely known to an ophthalmic readership.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This report highlights the importance of keeping abreast of novel therapeutic developments in systemic conditions likely to be encountered in ophthalmology.</p

Iterative Evolution of Sympatric Seacow (Dugongidae, Sirenia) Assemblages during the Past ∼26 Million Years

Extant sirenians show allopatric distributions throughout most of their range. However, their fossil record shows evidence of multispecies communities throughout most of the past ∼26 million years, in different oceanic basins. Morphological differences among co-occurring sirenian taxa suggest that resource partitioning played a role in structuring these communities. We examined body size and ecomorphological differences (e.g., rostral deflection and tusk morphology) among sirenian assemblages from the late Oligocene of Florida, early Miocene of India and early Pliocene of Mexico; each with three species of the family Dugongidae. Although overlapping in several ecomorphological traits, each assemblage showed at least one dominant trait in which coexisting species differed. Fossil sirenian occurrences occasionally are monotypic, but the assemblages analyzed herein show iterative evolution of multispecies communities, a phenomenon unparalleled in extant sirenian ecology. As primary consumers of seagrasses, these communities likely had a strong impact on past seagrass ecology and diversity, although the sparse fossil record of seagrasses limits direct comparisons. Nonetheless, our results provide robust support for previous suggestions that some sirenians in these extinct assemblages served as keystone species, controlling the dominance of climax seagrass species, permitting more taxonomically diverse seagrass beds (and sirenian communities) than many of those observed today

Environmentalism, pre-environmentalism, and public policy

In the last decade, thousands of new grassroots groups have formed to oppose environmental pollution on the basis that it endangers their health. These groups have revitalized the environmental movement and enlarged its membership well beyond the middle class. Scientists, however, have been unable to corroborate these groups' claims that exposure to pollutants has caused their diseases. For policy analysts this situation appears to pose a choice between democracy and science. It needn't. Instead of evaluating the grassroots groups from the perspective of science, it is possible to evaluate science from the perspective of environmentalism. This paper argues that environmental epidemiology reflects ‘pre-environmentalist’ assumptions about nature and that new ideas about nature advanced by the environmental movement could change the way scientists collect and interpret data.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/45449/1/11077_2005_Article_BF01006494.pd

Habitat partitioning and vulnerability of sharks in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park

Sharks present a critical conservation challenge, but little is known about their spatial distribution and vulnerability, particularly in complex seascapes such as Australia's Great Barrier Reef Marine Park (GBRMP). We review (1) the distribution of shark species among the primary habitats of the GBRMP (coral reefs, inshore/shelf, pelagic and deep-water habitats) (2) the relative exploitation of each species by fisheries, and (3) how current catch rates interact with their vulnerability and trophic index. Excluding rays and chimaeras, we identify a total of 82 shark species in the GBRMP. We find that shark research in the GBRMP has yielded little quantitative information on most species. Reef sharks are largely site-fidelic, but can move large distances and some regularly use non-reef habitats. Inshore and shelf sharks use coastal habitats either exclusively or during specific times in their life cycle (e.g. as nurseries). Virtually nothing is known about the distribution and habitat use of the GBRMP's pelagic and deep-water sharks. At least 46 species (53.5 %) are caught in one or more fisheries, but stock assessments are lacking for most. At least 17 of the sharks caught are considered highly vulnerable to exploitation. We argue that users of shark resources should be responsible for demonstrating that a fishery is sustainable before exploitation is allowed to commence or continue. This fundamental change in management principle will safeguard against stock collapses that have characterised many shark fisheries

Dosage Changes of a Segment at 17p13.1 Lead to Intellectual Disability and Microcephaly as a Result of Complex Genetic Interaction of Multiple Genes

Submitted by Nuzia Santos ([email protected]) on 2015-07-23T15:53:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dosage Changes of a Segment at 17p13.1 Lead.pdf: 1645159 bytes, checksum: e83119eec1267cdcf9dc571d78ff4028 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Nuzia Santos ([email protected]) on 2015-07-23T15:53:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dosage Changes of a Segment at 17p13.1 Lead.pdf: 1645159 bytes, checksum: e83119eec1267cdcf9dc571d78ff4028 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Nuzia Santos ([email protected]) on 2015-07-23T16:05:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dosage Changes of a Segment at 17p13.1 Lead.pdf: 1645159 bytes, checksum: e83119eec1267cdcf9dc571d78ff4028 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-23T16:05:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dosage Changes of a Segment at 17p13.1 Lead.pdf: 1645159 bytes, checksum: e83119eec1267cdcf9dc571d78ff4028 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014Baylor College of Medicine. Department of Molecular and Human Genetics. Houston, TX, USA /Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Rene Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilDuke University. Center for Human Disease Modeling.Durham, NC, USAWashington University . Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine. Department of Pediatrics. St Louis, MO, USADuke University. Center for Human Disease Modeling.Durham, NC, USABaylor College of Medicine. Department of Pediatrics. Houston, TX, USA/ Texas Children’s Hospital. Houston, TX , USABaylor College of Medicine. Department of Molecular and Human Genetics. Houston, TX, USA /Baylor College of Medicine. Department of Pediatrics. Houston, TX, USA/ Texas Children’s Hospital. Houston, TX , USAVejle Hospital. Clinical Genetics Department. Vejle, DenmarkVejle Hospital. Clinical Genetics Department. Vejle, DenmarkUniversidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Biociencias. Departamento de Genetica e Evolução Biologica. Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniversidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Biociencias. Departamento de Genetica e Evolução Biologica. Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilTexas Oncology. Austin, TX, USASpecially for Children. Austin, TX, USAPhoenix Children’s Hospital. Phoenix, AZ, USAPhoenix Children’s Hospital. Phoenix, AZ, USABaylor College of Medicine. Department of Molecular and Human Genetics. Houston, TX, USAUniversidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Biociencias. Departamento de Genetica e Evolução Biologica. Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilDuke University. Center for Human Disease Modeling. Durham, NC, USAThe 17p13.1 microdeletion syndrome is a recently described genomic disorder with a core clinical phenotype of intellectual disability, poor to absent speech, dysmorphic features, and a constellation of more variable clinical features, most prominently microcephaly. We identified five subjects with copy-number variants (CNVs) on 17p13.1 for whom we performed detailed clinical and molecular studies. Breakpoint mapping and retrospective analysis of published cases refined the smallest region of overlap (SRO) for microcephaly to a genomic interval containing nine genes. Dissection of this phenotype in zebrafish embryos revealed a complex genetic architecture: dosage perturbation of four genes (ASGR1, ACADVL, DVL2, and GABARAP) impeded neurodevelopment and decreased dosage of the same loci caused a reduced mitotic index in vitro. Moreover, epistatic analyses in vivo showed that dosage perturbations of discrete gene pairings induce microcephaly. Taken together, these studies support a model in which concomitant dosage perturbation of multiple genes within the CNV drive the microcephaly and possibly other neurodevelopmental phenotypes associated with rearrangements in the 17p13.1 SRO