PENGARUH PUTARAN POROS PIPIL, JARAK TEKAN PENGATUR DAN LETAK MATA PIPIL TERHADAP KAPASITAS PIPIL PADA ALAT PIPIL JAGUNG BULIR SILINDER TUNGGAL DILENGKAPI KONTROL PENEKAN

Biji jagung diperoleh dari bulir jagung dengan cara memipilan. Pada proses memipil diperlukan penangganan yang serius karena terjadinya kehilangan. Total kehilangan pada proses pemipilan 5,2%, yang disebabkan alat pipil.  Alat Pipil Jagung Bulir silinder tunggal dilengkapi kontrol penekan, memiliki variabel posisi letak mata, jarak tekan, dan putaran yang menjamin kapasitas. Posisi mata pipil zig-zag kapasitas pipilnya lebih tinggi yakni 1,9 kg/menit sedangkan beraturan hanya 1,52 kg/menit, putaran 85 rpm. Jarak tekan sedikit pengaruh terhadap kapasitas, posisi mata pipil zig-zag, putaran 69 rpm, jarak tekan 5 mm, kapasitas yakni 1,48 kg/menit. Putaran 85 rpm, jarak tekan 5 kapasitas pipil 1,85 kg/menit, semakin besar jarak tekan (9 mm) kapasitas pipilan sedikit meningkat 1,9 kg/menit. Posisi letak mata pipil beraturan, jarak tekan 5 cm, putaran bertambah kapasitas pipilan juga meningkat, untuk putaran 68 rpm kapasitas 1,1 kg/menit dan putaran 85 rpm kapasitas pipilan 1,52 kg/menit. Hal yang sama pada jarak tekan 7 mm dan 9 mm.  Perlu dilakukan kajian untuk jarak mata pipil satu terhadap yang lainnya, pada putaran yang bervariatif untuk mengetahui kapasitas pipilan yang dihasilkan. Pada Alat pipil jagung bulir silinder tunggal perlu dilakukan kajian ukuran diameter silinder pipil, serta jumlah silinder, terhadap tingkat keberhasilan memipil, satu bulir jagung, dalam sekali dipipil. Kata Kunci : Jagung Bulir, Alat Pipil, Kapasitas Pipila

The acetyltransferase activity of Drosophila CBP is dispensable for regulation of the Dpp pathway in the early embryo

AbstractThe CBP protein is a transcriptional co-activator and histone acetyltransferase. Reduced expression of Drosophila CBP (dCBP) in the early embryo specifically impairs signaling by the TGF-β molecules Dpp and Screw (Scw). This occurs by a failure to activate transcription of the tolloid (tld) gene, which codes for a protease that generates active Dpp and Scw ligands. We show that dCBP directly regulates this gene by binding to the tld enhancer, and that tld expression can be partially rescued with a dCBP transgene. At a slightly later stage of development, Dpp/Scw signaling recovers in mutant embryos, but is unable to turn on expression of the Dpp/Scw-target gene rhomboid (rho). Interestingly, an acetyltransferase (AT)-defective dCBP transgene rescued tld and rho gene expression to an extent comparable to the wild-type transgene, whereas a transgene containing a 130 amino acid deletion rescued tld but not late rho expression. A tracheal phenotype caused by the reduced dCBP levels was also rescued more efficiently with the wild-type dCBP transgene than with this mutant transgene. Our results indicate that separate parts of the dCBP protein are required on different promoters, and that the AT activity of dCBP is dispensable for certain aspects of Dpp signaling. We discuss the similarity of these results to the role of p300/CBP in TGF-β signaling in the mouse

Akirin Links Twist-Regulated Transcription with the Brahma Chromatin Remodeling Complex during Embryogenesis

The activities of developmentally critical transcription factors are regulated via interactions with cofactors. Such interactions influence transcription factor activity either directly through protein–protein interactions or indirectly by altering the local chromatin environment. Using a yeast double-interaction screen, we identified a highly conserved nuclear protein, Akirin, as a novel cofactor of the key Drosophila melanogaster mesoderm and muscle transcription factor Twist. We find that Akirin interacts genetically and physically with Twist to facilitate expression of some, but not all, Twist-regulated genes during embryonic myogenesis. akirin mutant embryos have muscle defects consistent with altered regulation of a subset of Twist-regulated genes. To regulate transcription, Akirin colocalizes and genetically interacts with subunits of the Brahma SWI/SNF-class chromatin remodeling complex. Our results suggest that, mechanistically, Akirin mediates a novel connection between Twist and a chromatin remodeling complex to facilitate changes in the chromatin environment, leading to the optimal expression of some Twist-regulated genes during Drosophila myogenesis. We propose that this Akirin-mediated link between transcription factors and the Brahma complex represents a novel paradigm for providing tissue and target specificity for transcription factor interactions with the chromatin remodeling machinery

Online) An Open Access

ABSTRACT This investigation was carried out with the objectives of studying the anatomical features of wood of selected mangrove species seen in west coast of Kerala. Based on the results, it is observed that all the selected species have shown diffuse porous condition with indistinct growth rings. However, in Sonneratia alba and Sonneratia caseolaris, the growth rings are feebly distinct in some cases. In Avicennia marina and Avicennia officinalis, the presence of included phloem gives an impression of growth rings. In all the selected species studied, the vessels are small to very small. But in Rhizophora mucronata the vessels are large. In almost all the species studied, the parenchymatous cells are associated with the vessels. In Kandelia candel, the parenchyma cells are abundant. In both Bruguiera species, the parenchymatous cells are vasicentric and scanty whereas in Sonneratia, both species are characterized by the absence of parenchyma. The rays are present in all the species except Avicennia marina and Avicennia officinalis wherein the rays are heterogeneous. In Kandelia candel, the rays are multiseriate whereas Rhizophora mucronata showed both uniseriate and multiseriate conditions

スーパー抗原刺激による新生児CD4[+]T細胞Vβレパートリーの選択的活性化

取得学位 : 博士（医学）, 学位授与番号 : 医博甲第1126号, 学位授与年月日：平成6年3月25日,学位授与年：199

Deregulated expression of TCL1 causes T cell leukemia in mice

The TCL1 oncogene on human chromosome 14q32.1 is involved in the development of T cell leukemia in humans. These leukemias are classified either as T prolymphocytic leukemias, which occur very late in life, or as T chronic lymphocytic leukemias, which often arise in patients with ataxia telangiectasia (AT) at a young age. The TCL1 oncogene is activated in these leukemias by juxtaposition to the α or β locus of the T cell receptor, caused by chromosomal translocations t(14:14)(q11:q32), t(7:14)(q35:q32), or by inversions inv(14)(q11:q32). To show that transcriptional alteration of TCL1 is causally involved in the generation of T cell neoplasia we have generated transgenic mice that carry the TCL1 gene under the transcriptional control of the p56(lck) promoter element. The lck-TCL1 transgenic mice developed mature T cell leukemias after a long latency period. Younger mice presented preleukemic T cell expansions expressing TCL1, and leukemias developed only at an older age. The phenotype of the murine leukemias is CD4-CD8+, in contrast to human leukemias, which are predominantly CD4+CD8-. These studies demonstrate that transcriptional activation of the TCL1 protooncogene can cause malignant transformation oft lymphocytes, indicating the role of TCL1 in the initiation of malignant transformation in T prolymphocytic leukemias and T chronic lymphocytic leukemias

Vestibular function after simultaneous bilateral cochlear implantation in adults

IntroductionBinaural hearing enhances speech intelligibility, source localization, and speech comprehension in noisy environments. Although bilateral cochlear implantation (CI) offers several benefits, concerns arise regarding the risk of bilateral postoperative vestibular dysfunction with simultaneous CI. This study aimed to longitudinally evaluate changes in vestibular function in adult patients who underwent simultaneous bilateral CI using minimally invasive electrodes and surgical techniques.MethodsA retrospective review was conducted on 10 patients who underwent simultaneous bilateral CI at our hospital. Vertigo symptoms and vestibular function test results were examined preoperatively, 1–6 months postoperatively, and 1 year postoperatively. Nystagmus tests, caloric reflex tests, vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMP) measurements, and static stabilometry were performed as vestibular function tests.ResultsAlthough an initial transient decline in vestibular function was observed, no significant long-term decline was observed in the caloric reflex test, ocular VEMP (oVEMP), or cervical VEMP (cVEMP). Moreover, regardless of the presence or absence of abnormalities in caloric reflex, oVEMP, or cVEMP, no significant deterioration was detected in the static stabilometer test. While two patients reported preoperative dizziness, all patients were symptom-free 1 year postoperatively.DiscussionThe findings suggest that using current minimally invasive electrodes and surgical techniques in simultaneous bilateral CI leads to temporary vestibular function decline postoperatively. However, most patients experience a recovery in function over time, highlighting the potential safety and efficacy of the procedure. Simultaneous bilateral CI surgery is viable, depending on the patient’s auditory needs and burden