Special symplectic Lie groups and hypersymplectic Lie groups

A special symplectic Lie group is a triple $(G,\omega,\nabla)$ such that $G$ is a finite-dimensional real Lie group and $\omega$ is a left invariant symplectic form on $G$ which is parallel with respect to a left invariant affine structure $\nabla$. In this paper starting from a special symplectic Lie group we show how to ``deform" the standard Lie group structure on the (co)tangent bundle through the left invariant affine structure $\nabla$ such that the resulting Lie group admits families of left invariant hypersymplectic structures and thus becomes a hypersymplectic Lie group. We consider the affine cotangent extension problem and then introduce notions of post-affine structure and post-left-symmetric algebra which is the underlying algebraic structure of a special symplectic Lie algebra. Furthermore, we give a kind of double extensions of special symplectic Lie groups in terms of post-left-symmetric algebras.Comment: 32 page

Novel heterolayer organic light-emitting diodes based on a conjugated dendrimer

We demonstrate a novel organic light-emitting diode (LED) heterolayer structure that contains a conjugated dendrimer as the light-emitting molecule. The LED was prepared by spin-coating two dendrimer layers from the same solvent. The device consists of a graded bilayer structure formed from a neat dendrimer film covered with a film consisting of the same dendrimer but doped with the electron-transporting material 2-(4-biphenylyl)-5-phenyl-1,3,4- oxadiazole (PBD). In this device, the heterojunction interface present in conventional bilayer organic light-emitting diodes is eliminated and is replaced by a graded interlayer. By optimizing the concentration of PBD in the dendrimer, a peak electroluminscence (EL) external quantum efficiency of 0.16% at 600 cd m(-2) was obtained. The EL quantum efficiency is significantly enhanced in comparison with devices based on a single layer, a conventional bilayer, and a single-layer doped with PBD. The EL quantum efficiency is a factor of eight larger than that of a conventional bilayer LED made with the conjugated dendrimer as the emissive layer and poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA doped wit PBD as the electron-transporting layer. The best blended device exhibited only one third of the efficiency of the graded device. The improvement in the operating characteristics of the graded device is attributed to the efficient device structure, in which exciton formation is improved by a graded doping profile of electron- and hole-transporting components