12 research outputs found
Predictive factors for perinatal death in nuchal cord cases: a case control study
Background: Nuchal cord is a common occurrence at delivery and it is known to be associated with birth asphyxia and perinatal death. The objective of this study was to identify the predictive factors of perinatal death in the presence of nuchal cord.Methods: This was a case-control study carried out during the period from October 1st 2014 to April 30th 2015 in three hospitals of Yaoundé, Cameroon, involving 204 parturients whose babies presented with a nuchal cord at delivery.Results: After multivariate analysis, independent predictive factors for perinatal death in nuchal cord cases were: post-term (OR=209.70; CI= 3.09-14212.66), antepartum hemorrhage (OR=18.21; CI=1.47-224.78), fetal heart rate abnormalities during labor (OR=11.74; CI=1.33-103.37), augmentation of labor (OR=24.04; CI=1.85-311.52), second stage of labor lasting more than 30 minutes (OR=172.50; CI=20.60-1444.20) and tight nuchal cord at birth (OR=16.29; CI=2.07-127.87).Conclusions: We recommend the identification of predictive factors for perinatal death in cases of known or suspected nuchal cord in order to consider cesarean section to prevent adverse fetal outcomes
Les maladies rares et leurs manifestations cliniques orales dans deux formations hospitaliÚres de Yaoundé
Introduction: les maladies rares ont pour certaines des manifestations orales. Celles-ci sont souvent sous-étudiées; ce qui contribue à limiter l'offre de soins bucco-dentaires pour cette catégorie de patients. Le but est de déterminer les aspects épidémiologiques et cliniques des manifestations bucco-dentaires dans les maladies rares dans notre milieu.
Méthodes: nous avons effectué une étude transversale et descriptive sur une durée de 04 mois, dans deux hÎpitaux de référence de Yaoundé: les informations ont été recueillies des dossiers médicaux, de l'interrogatoire des parents ou tuteurs et de l'examen bucco-dentaire des patients. Le seuil de significativité considéré pour p < 0.05.
Résultats: les manifestations orales sur maladies rares sont variables et fonction du groupe d'affections, de la denture, et ont souvent un retentissement fonctionnel. Elles étaient présentes dans 97,2% de nos patients. En denture temporaire (59,4%), c'était plus des anomalies de forme et de position dentaire (conicité dentaire 7 cas/22, soit 32%), et en denture permanente des lésions carieuses (7 cas/10 soit 70%) et des anomalies de structure dentaire (4 cas/10 d'usure dentaire). Un lien significatif existait entre le type de denture, l'anomalie de structure (p=0,001) et de nombre (p=0,018). Les difficultés à la mastication (p=0,023) et à la succion (p=0,033) étaient liées aux groupes de maladies rares.
Conclusion: les lĂ©sions orales dans les maladies rares bien que prĂ©sentes dans notre milieu, sont souvent nĂ©gligĂ©es. Les soins bucco-dentaires devraient ĂȘtre intĂ©grĂ©s dans le paquet minimum des activitĂ©s des formations sanitaires et rendus gratuits ou financiĂšrement accessibles Ă ces patients handicapĂ©s ou prĂ©sentant des besoins spĂ©cifiques
Croissance staturo-pondĂ©rale des enfants souffrant dâinfirmitĂ© motrice cĂ©rĂ©brale Ă YaoundĂ©, Cameroun
Introduction: L'infirmité motrice cérébrale (IMC) désigne un ensemble de troubles permanents de la posture et du mouvement lié à une atteinte cérébrale non progressive survenue sur le cerveau en développement du foetus ou du nourrisson. Les troubles de la croissance sont fréquents chez les enfants souffrant d'infirmité motrice cérébrale et sont liés à des problÚmes nutritionnels et non nutritionnels. Méthodes: Nous avons mené une étude transversale analytique dans l'unité de neuropédiatrie de l'HÎpital Gynéco-Obstétrique et Pédiatrique de Yaoundé (HGOPY) du 02 janvier 2014 au 30 juin 2014. Ce travail comportait deux volets, d'une part comparer les différents indices anthropométriques des enfants en fonction du type d'IMC et d'autre part, comparer la croissance staturo-pondérale du groupe d'enfants atteints d'IMC à celle d'un groupe d'enfants témoins appariés selon le sexe et l'ùge. Les mesures anthropométriques étaient réalisées suivant les recommandations de l'OMS. Les moyennes de z-score des différents indices anthropométriques étaient calculées et comparées dans les deux groupes. Résultats: Au total 134 cas et 134 témoins répondant aux critÚres d'inclusion ont été recrutés. Le sexe ratio était de 1,62. L'ùge moyen des enfants était de 2,65 (SD 2,5) ans. La tétraparésie spastique était la forme clinique la plus représentée, 55,2% des cas présentaient des troubles de l'alimentation. Quatorze (12,3%) cas souffraient d'émaciation contre 2,7% des témoins, 29 (22,2%) des cas souffraient d'insuffisance pondérale contre 4 (3%) témoins, 42 (31,3%) des cas souffraient de retard statural contre 1 (0,7%) dans le groupe témoin. L'insuffisance pondérale et le retard de croissance statural étaient plus marqués chez les enfants présentant la forme mixte d'IMC, tandis que l'émaciation prédominait chez les enfants atteints de la forme choréoathétosique. Les différents indices anthropométriques étaient d'autant plus abaissés que le niveau d'invalidité était élevé. Conclusion: La malnutrition est donc trÚs fréquente dans la population d'enfants souffrant d'IMC. Cette croissance sous optimale est plus marquée chez les patients présentant la forme mixte de paralysie cérébrale et la tétraparésie spastique ainsi que chez ceux présentant un déficit moteur sévÚre et des troubles nutritionnels. La prise en charge de l'enfant infirme moteur cérébral devrait intégrer une prise en charge nutritionnelle.Key words: Croissance staturo-pondérale, malnutrition, infirmité motrice cérébrale, z-score, Cameroun
La dysplasie ectodermique anhydrotique: Ă propos dâun cas au Centre MĂšre et Enfant de la Fondation Chantal Biya, YaoundĂ©, Cameroun
Ectodermal dysplasia are rare genetic diseases characterized by the absence or dysplasia of some tissues of ectodermal origin. We present a case of a young boy seen at the age of seven and a half years for late eruption of teeth, morphologic abnormalities of the teeth and a feeling of exaggerated heat. The diagnosis of anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia was discussed. The absence of sweat glands on the skin biopsy slides was in favor of the diagnosis. Dental prostheses were put in place which the aim of permitting the child to eat normally and have a better self image
Economic evaluation of artesunate and three quinine regimens in the treatment of severe malaria in children at the Ebolowa Regional Hospital-Cameroon: a cost analysis
Vaccination of infants aged 0 to 11Â months at the Yaounde Gynaeco-obstetric and pediatric hospital in Cameroon: how complete and how timely?
Abstract Background Vaccination is a major, but simple and cost effective public health intervention in the prevention of infectious diseases, especially in children. Nowadays, many children still miss scheduled vaccines in the Extended Program of Immunization (EPI) or are being vaccinated after the recommended ages.This study was aimed at assessing vaccination completeness and timeliness in children aged 0 to 11Â months attending the vaccination clinic of the Yaounde Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital. Methods This was an observational cross-sectional study over a period of 3Â months (1st February to 30th April 2016). 400 mothers were interviewed and their childrenâs vaccination booklets analyzed. Information on the children and the parents was collected using a pretested questionnaire. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20 software. Bivariate and multivariate analysis with logistic regression was done to assess the determinants of completeness and timeliness. Results A total of 400 mother-infant pairs were sampled. The vaccination completeness rate was 96.3%. This rate varied between 99.50% for BCG and 94.36% for IPV. Most of the children were born at the Yaounde Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric hospital where they were regularly receiving their vaccines. The proportion of correctly vaccinated infants was 73.3%. The most differed vaccines were BCG, PCV13 and IPV. Factors influencing immunization completeness were the fatherâs profession and the motherâs level of education. Conclusions Despite the high immunization coverage, some children did not complete their EPI vaccines and many of them took at least one vaccine after the recommended age
Negotiating political power and stigma around fragile X Syndrome in a rural village in Cameroon: A tale of a royal family and a community
Abstract Background Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is a neurogenetic condition that significantly impacts the lives of affected individuals and their families due to its association with intellectual disability (ID) and stigma. Method In this paper, we present the findings of an ethnographic study in the community of a patient who received a genetic diagnosis for FXS in Cameroon. This study builds on data from 28 participants of a royal family and 58 from the community who participated in 20 inâdepth interviews and nine focus group discussions. Results We identified two types of stigma in this community: public stigma directed towards the royal family and associative stigma experienced by royal family members. We outline the stereotyping labels used for the family and its children with Fragile X Syndrome and describe the stigmaâpower dynamic between the community members and the royal family. First, most villagers use less stigmatizing terms to addressing FXS children from the chieftaincy because of their position in society. Secondly, due to their social position, the royal family uses their status to negotiate marriages with community members. From these observations, we can suggest that the primary role of stigma in this community is to keep people away from FXS and keep them down through domination and exploitation. Conclusion We advocate that other researchers examine if the same pattern exists in other inheritable forms of ID and conduct more qualitative research on FXS in Africa
Predictive factors for perinatal death in nuchal cord cases: a case control study
Background: Nuchal cord is a common occurrence at delivery and it is known to be associated with birth asphyxia and perinatal death. The objective of this study was to identify the predictive factors of perinatal death in the presence of nuchal cord.Methods: This was a case-control study carried out during the period from October 1st 2014 to April 30th 2015 in three hospitals of Yaoundé, Cameroon, involving 204 parturients whose babies presented with a nuchal cord at delivery.Results: After multivariate analysis, independent predictive factors for perinatal death in nuchal cord cases were: post-term (OR=209.70; CI= 3.09-14212.66), antepartum hemorrhage (OR=18.21; CI=1.47-224.78), fetal heart rate abnormalities during labor (OR=11.74; CI=1.33-103.37), augmentation of labor (OR=24.04; CI=1.85-311.52), second stage of labor lasting more than 30 minutes (OR=172.50; CI=20.60-1444.20) and tight nuchal cord at birth (OR=16.29; CI=2.07-127.87).Conclusions: We recommend the identification of predictive factors for perinatal death in cases of known or suspected nuchal cord in order to consider cesarean section to prevent adverse fetal outcomes