Les accidents de scooter chez l’enfant au CHU Aristide Le Dantec de Dakar: à propos de 74 cas

Introduction: Les accidents de scooter sont de plus en plus fréquents à Dakar. Le but de ce travail est de rapporter les aspects épidémiologiques et lésionnels des ces accidents chez l'enfant à Dakar. Méthodes: Une étude rétrospective et descriptive a été menée dans le Service de Chirurgie Pédiatrique du CHU  Aristide Le Dantec de Dakar entre le 1er janvier 2009 et le 31 décembre 2011. Nous avons étudié divers  paramètres dont la fréquence, les aspects sociodémographiques et lésionnels. Résultats: Les accidents  de scooter représentaient 12 % des accidents de la voie publique. Ils étaient fréquents entre 12 heures et  14 heures (27 %) et entre 18 heures et 20 heures (28,4 %). Ils pouvaient survenir tous les jours et  étaient fréquents pendant les mois d'avril (17,6 %) et de juin (13,5 %). Ils survenaient essentiellement  dans la périphérie de Dakar (78 %). La tranche de 3 à 8 ans (60,8 %) était la plus touchée. Le sexe  masculin était prédominant (sexe ratio de 1,5). Les piétons étaient les plus vulnérables (93,2 %). La  chute était le mécanisme dominant (98,7 %). Les lésions touchaient surtout le membre inférieur (51,1 %) et étaient constituées essentiellement de fracture. Conclusion: La fréquence des accidents de scooter chez l'enfant est liée à l'urbanisation galopante et à l'accroissement du parc automobile dans une presqu'île. Les victimes sont essentiellement des piétons et présentent le plus souvent des fractures.Key words: Accident de scooter, enfant, piétons, fractures, Daka

High-performance asymmetric supercapacitor based on vanadium dioxide/activated expanded graphite composite and carbon-vanadium oxynitride nanostructures

Please read abstract in the article.The South African Research Chairs Initiative (SARChI) of the Department of Science and Technology (DST) through the National Research Foundation (NRF) of South Africa (Grant No. 61056).http://www.elsevier.com/locate/electacta2020-09-01hj2020Electrical, Electronic and Computer EngineeringPhysic

Effect of porosity enhancing agents on the electrochemical performance of high-energy ultracapacitor electrodes derived from peanut shell waste

Please read abstract in the article.The South African Research Chairs Initiative (SARChI) of the Department of Science and Technology, the National Research Foundation (NRF) of South Africa and the NSF through the University of Pennsylvania Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (MRSEC).http://www.nature.com/sreppm2020Physic

Réalités et enjeux de la participation des femmes dans les essais cliniques sur les antirétroviraux : expérience au Sénégal

De plus en plus d'essais cliniques se déroulent dans les pays du Sud. Contrairement aux pays du Nord, où dans les années 1990 les associations critiquaient l'absence de femmes dans les essais, les femmes sont quatre fois plus nombreuses que les hommes parmi les participants lors du dernier d'entre eux mené à Dakar. Cela rend particulièrement aiguë la question de la survenue de grossesses dans les essais. Ce chapitre analyse cette féminisation des participants aux essais, avec la question de savoir si celle-ci résulte des modalités d'inclusion. Le mode de prise en charge des femmes enceintes dans les essais sera présenté et discuté à partir de l'expérience des femmes, des soignants et des chercheurs. Les problèmes que pose la féminisation des participants aux essais cliniques seront discutés, notamment pour ce qui concerne les limites du dispositif de prise en charge en matière de contraception, les dispositions éthiques exigées et la possibilité de critères d'inclusion basés sur le sexe

A study of porous carbon structures derived from composite of cross-linked polymers and reduced graphene oxide for supercapacitor applications

Please read abstract in the article.The South African Research Chairs Initiative of the Department of Science and Technology, the National Research Foundation of South Africa, the Organization for Women in Science for the Developing World (OWSD) and the University of Pretoria.https://www.elsevier.com/locate/esthj2023Physic

Hepatitis B screening practices and viral control among persons living with HIV in urban Senegal.

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection affects >10% of the general population and is the leading cause of liver cirrhosis and cancer in West Africa. Despite current recommendations, HBV is often not tested for in clinical routine in the region. We included all people living with HIV (PLWH) in care between March and July 2019 at Fann University Hospital in Dakar (Senegal) and proposed hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) test to those never tested. All HBsAg-positive underwent HIV and HBV viral load (VL) and liver stiffness measurement. We evaluated, using logistic regression, potential associations between patient characteristics and (a) HBV testing uptake; (b) HIV/HBV co-infection among individual HBsAg tested. We determined the proportion of co-infected who had HBV DNA >20 IU/ml on ART and sequenced HBV polymerase in those with HBV replication.of 1076 PLWH in care, 689 (64.0%) had never had an HBsAg test prior to our HBV testing intervention. Women and individuals >40 years old were less likely to have been previously tested. After HBV testing intervention,107/884 (12.1%) PLWH were HBsAg-positive. Seven of 58 (12.1%) individuals newly diagnosed with HIV/HBV co-infection had a detectable HBV VL, of whom five were HIV-suppressed. Two patients on ART including 3TC and AZT as backbone showed the presence of the triple resistance mutation 180M/204I/80V. In this Senegalese urban HIV clinic, the majority of patients on ART had never been tested for HBV infection. One in ten co-infected individuals had a detectable HBV VL despite HIV suppression, and 8% were not receiving a TDF-containing regimen

Prevalence and Predictors of Liver Fibrosis in People Living with Hepatitis B in Senegal.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the first cause of liver cirrhosis and cancer in West Africa. Although the exposure to additional environmental and infectious risk factors may lead to the faster progression of liver disease, few large-scale studies have evaluated the determinants of HBV-related liver fibrosis in the region. We used transient elastography to evaluate the prevalence of liver fibrosis and assessed the association between HBV markers and significant liver fibrosis in a cohort of people living with HBV in Dakar, Senegal. The prevalence of significant liver fibrosis was 12.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 9.6%-15.9%) among 471 people with HBV mono-infection (pwHBV) and 6.4% (95% CI 2.6%-12.7%) in 110 people with HIV/HBV co-infection (pwHIV/HBV) on tenofovir-containing antiretroviral therapy (p = 0.07). An HBV viral load > 2000 IU/mL was found in 133 (28.3%) pwHBV and 5 (4.7%) pwHIV/HBV, and was associated with significant liver fibrosis (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.95, 95% CI 1.04-3.66). Male participants (aOR 4.32, 95% CI 2.01-8.96) and those with elevated ALT (aOR 4.32, 95% CI 2.01-8.96) were especially at risk of having significant liver fibrosis. Our study shows that people with an HBV viral load above 2000 IU/mL have a two-fold increase in the risk of liver fibrosis and may have to be considered for antiviral therapy, independent of other disease parameters

Nitrogen-phosphorous co-doped porous carbon from cross-linked polymers for supercapacitor applications

DATA AVAILABILITY : Data will be made available on request.Please read abstract in the article.The South African Research Chairs Initiative in carbon Technology and Materials of the Department of Science and Technology, National Research Foundation (NRF) of South Africa, the Organization for Women in Science for the Developing World (OWSD), Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) and the University of Pretoria.https://www.elsevier.com/locate/est2024-05-18hj2024PhysicsNoneSDG-07:Affordable and clean energ

Liver Disease and Treatment Needs of Asymptomatic Persons Living With Hepatitis B in Senegal.

The prevalence of active hepatitis B among asymptomatic persons remains unclear in Africa. Of 1206 newly diagnosed persons in Senegal, 12.3% had significant fibrosis and 31.3% had hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels >2000 IU/mL. Overall, 128 (12.9%) were eligible for antiviral therapy. Generalized HBV screening allowed the identification of a large population requiring HBV care

Sensitivity of IFN-γ Release Assay to Detect Latent Tuberculosis Infection Is Retained in HIV-Infected Patients but Dependent on HIV/AIDS Progression

BACKGROUND: Detection and treatment of latent TB infection (LTBI) in HIV infected individuals is strongly recommended to decrease morbidity and mortality in countries with high levels of HIV. OBJECTIVE: To assess the validity of a newly developed in-house ELISPOT interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) for the detection of LTBI amongst HIV infected individuals, in comparison with the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: ESAT6/CFP10 (EC) ELISPOT assays were performed, together with a TST, in 285 HIV infected individuals recruited in HIV clinics in Dakar, Senegal, who had no signs of active TB at time of enrolment. Thirty eight of the subjects (13.3%) failed to respond to PHA stimulation and were excluded from the analysis. In the 247 remaining patients, response to PHA did not vary according to CD4 cell count categories (p = 0.51). EC ELISPOT was positive in 125 (50.6%) subjects, while 53 (21.5%) had a positive TST. Concordance between EC ELISPOT and TST was observed in 151 patients (61.1%) (kappa = 0.23). The proportion of subjects with a positive response to the EC ELISPOT assay decreased with declining CD4 counts (p trend = 0.001), but were consistently higher than the proportion of TST responders. In multivariate analysis, the risk of being EC-ELISPOT positive in HIV infected individuals was associated with age, CD4 count and HIV-1 strain. CONCLUSION: Our study indicates that IGRAs using M. tuberculosis specific antigens are likely to retain their validity for the diagnosis of LTBI among HIV positive individuals, but may be impaired by T-cell anergy in severely immuno-suppressed individuals